Preface |
|
xv | |
|
Chapter 1 Overview Of Multi-Tier Cellular Wireless Networks |
|
|
1 | (30) |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
1.2 Small Cells: Femtocells, Picocells, and Microcells |
|
|
3 | (3) |
|
1.3 Historical Perspective |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
1.4 Overview of LTE Networks |
|
|
6 | (7) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
1.4.4 Radio Base Stations in LTE |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
1.4.5 Mobility Management |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
1.5 Overview of LTE-Advanced Networks |
|
|
13 | (3) |
|
1.6 LTE Femtocells (HeNBs) |
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
1.6.1 Access Network for HeNBs |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
1.6.2 Access Modes of HeNBs |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
1.6.3 Mobility Management |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
1.8 Channel Models for Small Cell Networks |
|
|
19 | (3) |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
1.9 Multi-Tier Cellular Wireless Network Modeling and Abstraction |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
1.10 Technical Challenges in Small Cell Deployment |
|
|
23 | (8) |
|
|
28 | (3) |
|
Chapter 2 Resource Allocation Approaches In Multi-Tier Networks |
|
|
31 | (20) |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
2.2 Design Issues for Resource Allocation in Multi-Tier Networks |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
2.3 Interference Management Approaches |
|
|
33 | (13) |
|
2.3.1 Femto-Aware Spectrum Arrangement Scheme |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
2.3.2 Clustering of Small Cells |
|
|
36 | (2) |
|
2.3.3 Beam Subset Selection Strategy |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
2.3.4 Collaborative Frequency Scheduling |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
2.3.5 Power Control Approach |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
2.3.6 Cognitive Radio Approach |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
2.3.7 Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) and Resource Partitioning |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
2.3.8 Resource Scheduling Strategies |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
2.4 Qualitative Comparison Among Interference Management Approaches |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
2.5 Future Research Directions |
|
|
47 | (4) |
|
|
48 | (3) |
|
Chapter 3 Resource Allocation In Ofdma-Based Multi-Tier Cellular Networks |
|
|
51 | (33) |
|
3.1 Resource Allocation for OFDMA-Based Homogeneous Networks |
|
|
52 | (14) |
|
3.1.1 Physical-Layer Model |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
3.1.2 Downlink Single-Cell Resource Allocation |
|
|
53 | (6) |
|
3.1.3 Uplink Single-Cell Resource Allocation |
|
|
59 | (2) |
|
3.1.4 Resource Allocation for Homogeneous Multi-Cell OFDMA Networks |
|
|
61 | (5) |
|
3.2 Fair Resource Allocation for Two-Tier OFDMA Networks |
|
|
66 | (13) |
|
3.2.1 Uplink Resource Allocation Problem |
|
|
67 | (2) |
|
3.2.2 Feasibility of a Sub-Channel Assignment Solution |
|
|
69 | (2) |
|
3.2.3 Optimal Algorithm and Its Complexity Analysis |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
3.2.4 Sub-Optimal and Distributed Algorithm |
|
|
71 | (6) |
|
|
77 | (2) |
|
3.3 Chapter Summary and Open Research Directions |
|
|
79 | (5) |
|
|
81 | (3) |
|
Chapter 4 Resource Allocation For Clustered Small Cells In Two-Tier Ofdma Networks |
|
|
84 | (18) |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
85 | (2) |
|
4.2.1 Clustering and Coalition Formations of Femtocells |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
4.2.2 Resource Allocation in Clustered Femtocells |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
4.3 System Model and Assumptions |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
4.4 Joint Sub-Channel and Power Allocation in Femtocell Clusters |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
4.5 Joint Sub-Channel and Power Allocation Using Convex Reformulation |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
4.6 Sub-Channel Allocation |
|
|
90 | (4) |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
4.6.3 Lagrangian Relaxation |
|
|
91 | (2) |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
4.6.5 Feasibility Guarantee Algorithm |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
4.8 Performance Evaluation |
|
|
94 | (5) |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (4) |
|
4.9 Summary and Future Research Directions |
|
|
99 | (3) |
|
|
99 | (3) |
|
Chapter 5 Resource Allocation In Two-Tier Networks Using Fractional Frequency Reuse |
|
|
102 | (21) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
5.2 Different FFR Schemes |
|
|
103 | (3) |
|
|
103 | (2) |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
5.2.3 Sectored FFR (FFR-3) Scheme |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
5.3 Optimal Static Fractional Frequency Reuse (OSFFR): An Improved FFR-Based Scheme |
|
|
106 | (8) |
|
5.3.1 System Model and Assumptions |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
108 | (3) |
|
5.3.3 Optimization of Spatial-Channel Allocation Parameters |
|
|
111 | (3) |
|
5.4 Performance Evaluation |
|
|
114 | (6) |
|
5.4.1 Performance Metrics |
|
|
114 | (3) |
|
5.4.2 Simulation Parameters |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
117 | (3) |
|
5.5 Summary and Future Research Directions |
|
|
120 | (3) |
|
|
121 | (2) |
|
Chapter 6 Call Admission Control In Fractional Frequency Reuse-Based Two-Tier Networks |
|
|
123 | (32) |
|
|
123 | (3) |
|
6.2 Call Admission Control Model |
|
|
126 | (2) |
|
6.3 Call Admission Control Policy for FFR-Based Multi-Tier Cellular Networks |
|
|
128 | (4) |
|
6.3.1 Problem Formulation |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
6.4 Performance Evaluation |
|
|
132 | (13) |
|
|
135 | (2) |
|
6.4.2 Call Blocking/Dropping Probability Performance |
|
|
137 | (5) |
|
6.4.3 Comparison of Call-Level QoS |
|
|
142 | (3) |
|
6.5 Summary and Future Research Directions |
|
|
145 | (10) |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
State Transition Probability |
|
|
146 | (2) |
|
Proof of Monotonically Non-Decreasing Property of Cost Function |
|
|
148 | (3) |
|
Proof of Convexity of Cost Function |
|
|
151 | (3) |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
Chapter 7 Game Theoretic Approaches For Resource Management In Multi-Tier Networks |
|
|
155 | (51) |
|
7.1 Introduction to Game Theory |
|
|
155 | (11) |
|
7.1.1 Motivations of Using Game Theory |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
157 | (2) |
|
7.1.3 Noncooperative Game |
|
|
159 | (3) |
|
|
162 | (3) |
|
7.1.5 Game Theory and Radio Resource Management in Multi-Tier Networks |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
7.2 Game Formulations for Power Control and Sub-Channel Allocation |
|
|
166 | (11) |
|
7.2.1 Utility-Based Distributed SINR Adaptation |
|
|
168 | (3) |
|
7.2.2 Multi-Tier Cognitive Cellular Radio Networks |
|
|
171 | (2) |
|
7.2.3 On-Demand Resource Sharing in Multi-Tier Networks |
|
|
173 | (4) |
|
7.3 Game Formulations for Pricing |
|
|
177 | (9) |
|
7.3.1 Price-Based Spectrum Sharing |
|
|
178 | (5) |
|
7.3.2 Energy-Efficient Spectrum Sharing and Power Allocation |
|
|
183 | (3) |
|
7.4 Game Formulations for Access Control |
|
|
186 | (16) |
|
7.4.1 Refunding Framework for Hybrid Access Small Cell Network |
|
|
187 | (4) |
|
7.4.2 Selection of Network Tier |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
7.4.3 Coalitional Game for Cooperation among Macrocells and Small Cells |
|
|
192 | (4) |
|
7.4.4 Cooperative Interference Management |
|
|
196 | (2) |
|
7.4.5 Coalition-Based Access Control |
|
|
198 | (4) |
|
7.5 Future Research Directions |
|
|
202 | (4) |
|
|
203 | (3) |
|
Chapter 8 Resource Allocation In Cdma-Based Multi-Tier Hetnets |
|
|
206 | (44) |
|
8.1 Power Control and Resource Allocation Techniques for Homogeneous CDMA Networks |
|
|
208 | (5) |
|
8.1.1 Target-SINR-Tracking Power Control |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
8.1.2 Power Control Design from Game Theoretic View |
|
|
210 | (2) |
|
8.1.3 Joint Base Station Association and Power Control |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
8.2 Game Theoretic Based Power Control for Two-Tier CDMA HetNets |
|
|
213 | (9) |
|
8.2.1 Guaranteeing QoS for Macro Users |
|
|
215 | (2) |
|
8.2.2 Power Adaptation and Admission Control Algorithm |
|
|
217 | (3) |
|
|
220 | (2) |
|
8.3 Joint Base Station Association and Power Control for CDMA HetNets |
|
|
222 | (12) |
|
8.3.1 Base Station Association and Power Control Algorithm |
|
|
223 | (3) |
|
8.3.2 Hybrid Power Control Algorithm |
|
|
226 | (2) |
|
8.3.3 Hybrid Power Control Adaptation Algorithm |
|
|
228 | (3) |
|
8.3.4 Application to Two-Tier Macrocell---Femtocell Networks |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
231 | (3) |
|
8.4 Distributed Pareto-Optimal Power Control for Two-Tier CDMA HetNets |
|
|
234 | (12) |
|
8.4.1 Distributed Pareto-Optimal SINR Assignment |
|
|
238 | (3) |
|
8.4.2 Distributed Algorithm for Femtocell Utility Maximization and Macrocell SINR Balancing |
|
|
241 | (3) |
|
|
244 | (2) |
|
8.5 Summary and Open Research Issues |
|
|
246 | (4) |
|
|
246 | (4) |
|
Chapter 9 Self-Organizing Small Cell Networks |
|
|
250 | (52) |
|
9.1 Self-Organizing Networks |
|
|
251 | (7) |
|
9.1.1 Motivations of Self-Organization |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
9.1.2 Use Cases of Self-Organizing Small Cell Networks |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
9.1.3 Classification of Self-Organizing Small Cell Networks |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
254 | (2) |
|
9.1.5 Interference Management for Self-Organizing Networks |
|
|
256 | (2) |
|
|
258 | (12) |
|
9.2.1 Dynamic Traffic Off-loading |
|
|
259 | (3) |
|
9.2.2 Coverage Optimization of Small Cells |
|
|
262 | (3) |
|
9.2.3 Dynamic Frequency Allocation |
|
|
265 | (3) |
|
9.2.4 Coordinated Spectrum Assignment |
|
|
268 | (2) |
|
|
270 | (19) |
|
9.3.1 Resource Allocation for Different Service Classes |
|
|
272 | (3) |
|
9.3.2 Self-Organizing Small Cell Management Architecture |
|
|
275 | (4) |
|
9.3.3 Evolutionary and Learning-Based Power Control |
|
|
279 | (7) |
|
9.3.4 Coordination Mechanism and Stochastic Geometry Analysis |
|
|
286 | (3) |
|
|
289 | (7) |
|
9.4.1 Collaborative Resource Allocation |
|
|
290 | (3) |
|
9.4.2 Transfer Learning-Based Diagnosis for Configuration Troubleshooting |
|
|
293 | (3) |
|
9.5 Future Research Directions |
|
|
296 | (6) |
|
|
297 | (5) |
|
Chapter 10 Resource Allocation In Multi-Tier Networks With Cognitive Small Cells |
|
|
302 | (19) |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
|
303 | (4) |
|
10.3 Analysis of Tier-Association Probability |
|
|
307 | (7) |
|
10.3.1 System Model and Assumptions |
|
|
307 | (2) |
|
10.3.2 Tier Association Probability |
|
|
309 | (4) |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
10.4 Cognition Techniques for Small Cells |
|
|
314 | (4) |
|
10.5 Discussions and Future Research Directions |
|
|
318 | (3) |
|
|
319 | (2) |
Index |
|
321 | |