| Preface |
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xi | |
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Introduction to Radiological Assessment |
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1 | (38) |
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Overview of Radiological Assessment |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (12) |
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Evolution of Radiation Protection Standards |
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16 | (16) |
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Institutional Connections |
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32 | (1) |
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Additional Sources of Information |
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33 | (6) |
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Radiation Interactions and Response Functions |
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39 | (65) |
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39 | (2) |
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Microscopic Cross Section |
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41 | (1) |
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Cross Sections for Photon Interactions |
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42 | (8) |
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Photon Attenuation Coefficients |
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50 | (1) |
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Photon Absorption Coefficients and Related Quantities |
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50 | (3) |
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Cross Sections for Neutron Interactions |
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53 | (6) |
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Neutron Scattering Interactions |
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59 | (6) |
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Radiative Capture of Neutrons |
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65 | (2) |
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Penetration of Charged Particles Through Matter |
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67 | (6) |
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Detector Response Functions |
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73 | (2) |
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General Formulation for Dosimetric Detectors |
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75 | (1) |
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Relationship of Kerma Rate and Absorbed Dose Rate |
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76 | (3) |
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Neutron Kerma, Absorbed Dose, and Dose Equivalent |
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79 | (3) |
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Dosimetric Response Functions for Photons |
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82 | (7) |
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Response Functions for Evaluation of Hazards to Humans |
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89 | (15) |
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Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation |
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104 | (61) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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Dose-Response Relationships |
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106 | (21) |
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Effects of High Doses of Radiation |
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127 | (9) |
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Hereditary Risks from Low-Level Exposure |
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136 | (7) |
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Cancer Risks from Low-Let Exposure |
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143 | (13) |
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Measures of Risks from Low-Level Exposure |
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156 | (9) |
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Exposure to Natural Sources of Radiation |
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165 | (39) |
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165 | (1) |
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Cosmic, Solar, and Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation |
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166 | (9) |
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175 | (1) |
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Singly Occurring Primordial Radionuclides |
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176 | (1) |
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Decay Series of Primordial Origin |
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177 | (7) |
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The 222Rn and 220Rn Decay Series |
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184 | (20) |
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Exposure to Artifical and Technologically Enhanced Natural Radiation Sources |
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204 | (51) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (13) |
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218 | (3) |
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221 | (21) |
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242 | (4) |
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Regulation, Storage, and Disposal of Radioactive Wastes |
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246 | (9) |
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Gamma-Ray and Neutron Shielding and External Dose Evaluation |
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255 | (67) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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Characterization of Radiation Sources |
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258 | (11) |
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Geometric and Exponential Attenuation |
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269 | (14) |
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Accounting for Scattered Photons |
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283 | (11) |
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Neutron Attenuation and Removal Concepts |
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294 | (7) |
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301 | (21) |
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Electron Penetration and Dose Evaluation |
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322 | (51) |
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322 | (1) |
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Beta-Particle Energy Spectra |
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323 | (3) |
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Energy Loss by Penetrating Electrons |
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (3) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (7) |
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Dose Evaluation in an Infinite Medium |
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339 | (10) |
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Applications of Point Kernels to Beta Dosimetry |
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349 | (24) |
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373 | (56) |
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373 | (2) |
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375 | (2) |
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The General Method for Internal Dose Evaluation |
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377 | (2) |
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Source-Organ Transformations (Except GI and Respiratory Systems) |
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379 | (11) |
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Aborbed Fraction and Specific Effective Energy |
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390 | (1) |
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The Specific Committed Dose Equivalent |
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391 | (1) |
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The ICRP Model for the Respiratory System |
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391 | (10) |
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Dosimetric Model for the Gastrointestinal System |
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401 | (4) |
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Dosimetric Model for Bone |
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405 | (2) |
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Dosimetric Model for Submersion in a Radioactive Cloud |
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407 | (1) |
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ICRP Special Treatment for Selected Radionuclides |
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407 | (4) |
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1977 and 1990 ICRP Recommendations for Exposure Limits |
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411 | (6) |
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1959 ICRP Recommendations for Exposure Limits |
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417 | (12) |
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Atmospheric Dispersion of Radionuclides |
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429 | (48) |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (7) |
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Diffusion of Radionuclides in the Atmosphere |
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437 | (4) |
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Results Obtained from the Diffusion Model |
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441 | (7) |
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Refinements to the Gaussian Plume Model |
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448 | (10) |
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Estimation of the Diffusion Parameters |
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458 | (7) |
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465 | (3) |
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Limitations of the Gaussian Diffusion Model |
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468 | (9) |
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Dispersion of Radionuclides in Surface and Ground Waters |
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477 | (46) |
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477 | (1) |
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Initial (Near-Field) Mixing in Surface Waters |
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478 | (5) |
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Discharges to Small Lakes and Reservoirs |
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483 | (1) |
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484 | (6) |
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490 | (3) |
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Discharges to Large Lakes and Oceans |
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493 | (4) |
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Sedimentation Effects in Surface Waters |
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497 | (5) |
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Radionuclide Migration in Groundwater |
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502 | (21) |
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Environmental Pathway Modeling |
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523 | (148) |
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523 | (2) |
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General Description of Exposure Pathways |
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525 | (6) |
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Terrestrial Exposure Pathways |
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531 | (23) |
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Aquatic and marine Exposure Pathways |
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554 | (9) |
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Treatment for Special Radionuclides |
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563 | (3) |
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566 | (6) |
| Appendices |
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A. Constants and Conversion Factors |
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572 | (2) |
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B. Decay Characteristics of Selected Radionuclides |
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574 | (35) |
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C. Gamma-Ray Interaction Coefficients |
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609 | (12) |
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D. Gamma Ray Yields and Cross Sections for Neutron Capture |
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621 | (3) |
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E. Gamma-Ray Buildup Factors |
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624 | (7) |
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F. Assorted Mathematical Tidbits |
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631 | (8) |
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G. ICRP Data for Internal Dosimetry |
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639 | (28) |
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H. Fission Product Yields for Fast and Thermal Fission of 235U and 239Pu |
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667 | (4) |
| Index |
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671 | |
