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Rare Isotope Beams: Concepts and Techniques [Kõva köide]

(VECC), (Head, VECC), (Head, VECC)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 288 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 453 g, 17 Tables, black and white; 123 Line drawings, black and white; 1 Halftones, black and white; 124 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jul-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1498788785
  • ISBN-13: 9781498788786
Teised raamatud teemal:
Rare Isotope Beams: Concepts and TechniquesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 288 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 453 g, 17 Tables, black and white; 123 Line drawings, black and white; 1 Halftones, black and white; 124 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jul-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1498788785
  • ISBN-13: 9781498788786
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781498788786.html
Märksõnad:
Rare Isotope Beams (RIBs) are ion beams of exotic radioactive nuclei. The study of these nuclei is key to understanding the limits of nuclear existence, nucleo-synthesis in such violent stellar sites as supernovae and merging neutron stars, and the fundamental symmetries of nature. These nuclei also provide a unique probe to study condensed matter and many of them are potentially new radioisotopes for more effective medical diagnostics and therapy.

Rare Isotope Beams: Concepts and Techniques gives an up-to-date overview of all these aspects of RIB science in a single volume containing the scientific motivation, production techniques, experimental techniques for studying exotic nuclei, methods used in condensed matter research, and medical applications. The emphasis throughout is on concepts to facilitate understanding of the essence of each topic in this diverse and cross-disciplinary field involving nuclear physics, astrophysics, and particle accelerators. A brief description of major RIB facilities is also presented.

Exotic nuclei are difficult to produce in enough numbers and their production involves different nuclear reaction routes and a wide range of advanced technologies, which are presented in a comprehensive manner. Experimental techniques used to study exotic nuclei are provided with examples highlighting the intricate nature of such experiments. Another unique feature is the open-ended nature of the discussions, bringing out the future challenges and possibilities in this evolving field.

The book offers an excellent overview of concepts and techniques involved in RIB science for new researchers entering the field as well as professionals.
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Authors xv
1 Rare Isotope Beams-The Scientific Motivation 1(48)
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 RIBs and Nuclear Physics
3(15)
1.2.1 The Limits of Nuclear Stability
3(6)
1.2.2 Nuclear Halo in Drip Line and Near Drip Line Nuclei
9(5)
1.2.3 Evolution of Shell Structure away from Stability
14(4)
1.3 Nuclear Astrophysics: The Origin of Elements, the Stellar Evolution and the Role of RIBs
18(18)
1.3.1 Primordial or Big Bang Nucleo-Synthesis
19(2)
1.3.2 Nucleo-Synthesis in Stars up to Iron
21(4)
1.3.3 Synthesis of Elements Heavier Than Iron: The S, R and P Processes
25(11)
1.3.3.1 The S Process
25(3)
1.3.3.2 The R Process
28(4)
1.3.3.3 The P Process Nucleo-Synthesis
32(4)
1.4 RIBs and the Test of Fundamental Symmetries of Nature
36(5)
1.4.1 The Electric Di-Pole Moment in Atomic Systems and the CP Violation
36(2)
1.4.2 Atomic Parity Violation
38(2)
1.4.3 The CVC Hypothesis, Nuclear Beta-Decay and the Unitarily of CKM Quark Mixing Matrix
40(1)
1.4.3.1 The CVC and the Nuclear Beta Decay
40(1)
1.4.3.2 Unitarity of CKM Matrix
41(1)
1.5 RIBs and Condensed Matter Physics
41(4)
1.5.1 Mossbauer Spectroscopy
42(1)
1.5.2 Perturbed Angular Correlation
43(1)
1.5.3 β-NMR
44(1)
1.6 RIBs: Medical Physics and Applications
45(4)
2 Production of Rare Isotope Beams: The Two Approaches 49(12)
2.1 Introduction
49(3)
2.2 The ISOL Post-Accelerator Approach
52(1)
2.3 The PFS Approach
53(1)
2.4 Comparison between the ISOL and PFS Approaches
54(4)
2.5 The Combined Approaches
58(3)
3 Nuclear Reactions for Production of Rare Isotope Beams 61(46)
3.1 Production of RIBs in High-Energy Proton-Induced Reactions (Spallation/Target Fragmentation)
61(9)
3.1.1 Introduction
61(1)
3.1.2 The Spallation Reaction Process
62(2)
3.1.3 Production of Neutron-Deficient Exotic Nuclei Using Spallation-Evaporation Reaction
64(2)
3.1.4 Production of n-Rich Exotic Nuclei in Spallation-Fission Reaction
66(1)
3.1.5 Highly Asymmetric Fission vs Multi-Fragmentation
67(1)
3.1.6 Measured Yields of Exotic Species Using Spallation Reaction at ISOLDE
68(1)
3.1.7 Reaction Codes for Spallation Reaction
69(1)
3.2 Production of RIBs Using High and Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Induced Projectile Fragmentation and In-Flight Fission Reactions
70(15)
3.2.1 Introduction
70(1)
3.2.2 The PF Reaction Process
70(2)
3.2.3 Limiting Fragmentation and Factorization
72(1)
3.2.4 Momentum/Energy Width of the Projectile Fragments
72(2)
3.2.5 Production of Exotic Species in PF Reaction
74(3)
3.2.5.1 Production of Neutron-Deficient Nuclei
74(1)
3.2.5.2 Production of n-Rich Nuclei
75(2)
3.2.6 Production of n-Rich Nuclei in In-Flight Fission of 238U
77(1)
3.2.7 Choice of Target Thickness, Target and Projectile Energy
78(3)
3.2.8 Reaching Closer to the Neutron Drip Line Using Fragmentation of Secondary RIBs
81(2)
3.2.9 Theoretical Estimation of Production Cross-Sections in PF Reaction
83(2)
3.3 Fission Induced by Low-Energy Neutrons, Protons and Gamma Rays
85(12)
3.3.1 The Fission Process
85(1)
3.3.2 Production of n-Rich Isotopes in Fission Induced by Thermal Neutrons
86(3)
3.3.3 Production of n-Rich Isotopes in Fission Induced by Energetic Protons/Light Ions
89(2)
3.3.4 Fission Induced by Energetic Neutrons
91(2)
3.3.5 Fission Induced by Gamma Rays
93(4)
3.4 Production of RIBs Using Low-Energy Heavy Ions above the Coulomb Barrier
97(10)
3.4.1 Fusion-Evaporation Reactions for the Production of Neutron-Deficient Nuclei
97(7)
3.4.2 Deep Inelastic Transfer Reactions
104(3)
4 Targets for RIB Production 107(12)
4.1 Introduction
107(1)
4.2 High-Power Targets for ISOL Facilities
108(2)
4.3 Types of Target Material
110(3)
4.4 R&D for Future ISOL Targets
113(1)
4.5 Target Station in ISOL Method
114(1)
4.6 Targets for PFS Facilities
114(3)
4.7 High-Power Beam Dumps
117(2)
5 Ion Sources for RIB Production in ISOL-Type Facilities 119(16)
5.1 Introduction
119(2)
5.2 Ion Sources for 1+ Charge State Production
121(4)
5.2.1 Surface Ion Source
121(1)
5.2.2 The Resonant Ionization Laser Ion Source for Metallic Ions
122(2)
5.2.3 Forced Electron Beam Arc Discharge (FEBIAD) Ion Source
124(1)
5.3 Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Ion Source
125(5)
5.3.1 ECIRS for 1+ Charge State
126(1)
5.3.2 ECIRS for High Charge State Production
127(1)
5.3.3 ECRIS as Charge Breeder
128(2)
5.4 The EBIS: For High Charge State Production and as Charge Breeder
130(2)
5.5 Positioning the First Ion Source away from The Target (the HeJRT Technique)
132(3)
6 Accelerators for RIB Production and Post-Acceleration 135(32)
6.1 Introduction
135(3)
Driver and the Post-Accelerator
135(3)
6.2 DC Accelerators for RIB Production
138(1)
6.3 Cyclic Accelerators for RIB Production
138(9)
6.3.1 Cyclotrons
138(6)
6.3.2 Synchrotrons
144(3)
6.4 Linear Accelerators for RIB Production
147(13)
6.4.1 Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) Linac
152(3)
6.4.2 Acceleration to High Energies: Room Temperature Linacs
155(3)
6.4.3 Acceleration to High Energies: Superconducting Linacs
158(2)
6.5 Beam Acceleration and Charge Stripper
160(4)
6.6 Post-Accelerators for Acceleration of RIBS in ISOL Facilities
164(3)
7 Experimental Techniques 167(82)
7.1 Introduction
167(1)
7.2 Separation of Isotopes in ISOL- and PFS-Type RIB Facilities
167(2)
7.3 Isotope Separation in ISOL-Type RIB Facilities
169(9)
7.3.1 Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) Cooler
173(4)
7.3.2 High-Resolution Separator-A Typical Example
177(1)
7.3.3 Identification of Isotopes in ISOL Type Facilities
177(1)
7.4 Separation in In-Flight Separators at Intermediate and Relativistic Energies (~50 to 1500 MeV/u)
178(11)
7.4.1 Identification of New Isotopes in the PFS Method
185(4)
7.5 Measurement of Mass
189(21)
7.5.1 Indirect Methods for Mass Measurement of Exotic Nuclei
190(6)
7.5.1.1 and Q Measurements
191(1)
7.5.1.2 Missing Mass Method
192(2)
7.5.1.3 Invariant Mass Spectroscopy
194(2)
7.5.2 Direct Methods of Mass Measurement of Exotic Nuclei
196(1)
7.5.3 Mass Separation and Measurement in Paul and Penning Traps
197(13)
7.5.3.1 Paul Trap
198(2)
7.5.3.2 Penning Trap
200(8)
7.5.3.3 MR-ToF and Measurement of Mass
208(2)
7.6 Mass Measurements in Storage Ring
210(7)
7.6.1 Schottky Mass Spectrometry (SMS)
212(4)
7.6.2 Isochronous Mass Spectrometry (IMS)
216(1)
7.7 Measurement of Ground State Properties of Nuclei Using Laser Spectroscopic Techniques
217(10)
7.7.1 The Collinear Laser Spectroscopy (CLS) Technique
220(3)
7.7.2 The Collinear Resonant Ionization Spectroscopy (CRIS) Technique
223(2)
7.7.3 Optical Pumping Using Collinear Laser and fi-NMR
225(2)
7.8 Matter Radii of Drip Line Isotopes through Measurements of Interaction Cross-Sections
227(2)
7.9 Measurement of Half-Life of Exotic Nuclei
229(3)
7.10 Coulomb Excitation and Study of Exotic Nuclei
232(7)
7.10.1 Coulomb Break-Up
236(3)
7.11 Measurement of Cross-Sections for Nuclear Astrophysics
239(7)
7.11.1 Measurement of Proton Capture Cross-Section, Direct Methods
240(5)
7.11.1.1 Study of Charged Particle Capture Reactions Using Recoil Mass Separators
242(1)
7.11.1.2 Study of Charged Particle Capture Reactions Using Low-Energy Ion Storage Rings
243(1)
7.11.1.3 Direct Measurement of (n, y) Cross-Sections Using Storage Rings
244(1)
7.11.2 Coulomb Dissociation Technique for Measuring (p, y) and (n, y) Reaction Rates
245(1)
7.12 EDM Experiments
246(3)
8 Overview of Major RIB Facilities Worldwide 249(22)
8.1 Introduction r
249(1)
8.2 Major ISOL-Type RIB Facilities
249(8)
8.3 Major Projectile Fragment Separator (PFS) Type RIB Facilities
257(6)
8.4 Specialized Facilities
263(8)
References 271(14)
Index 285
Alok Chakrabarti, Vaishali Naik, Siddhartha Dechoudhury