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Readable Darwin: The Origin of Species as Edited for Modern Readers [Pehme köide]

(, Tufts University)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 287 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 157x229x20 mm, kaal: 590 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Aug-2014
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1605353280
  • ISBN-13: 9781605353289
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 287 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 157x229x20 mm, kaal: 590 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Aug-2014
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1605353280
  • ISBN-13: 9781605353289
Teised raamatud teemal:
With the goal of making Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species accessible to high school and college students, as well as other readers, Dr. Jan Pechenik presents the revised, reorganized, clarified, and language-modernized edition of the sixth and final edition of Darwin’s book published in 1872. He includes those issues that Darwin was uncertain about and/or mistaken, as time and science revealed. Pechenik, emphasizing that this volume is still Darwin’s, has eliminated unnecessary words, weak verbs, incorporated definitions into sentences, and used repetition, summary, and appropriate punctuation to link thought and improve the flow of ideas. He also created one-paragraph previews of each chapter and added many illustrations absent from the original book. Annotation ©2014 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

The Origin of Species is one of the most influential books ever written. Not only has it inspired an incredible amount of scientific research on a remarkable number of different topics, but it laid a foundation for all modern arguments about organismal diversity. It is also a sterling example of scientific thinking at its best. Darwin is very clear about his evidence, but also very clear about the things he doesn't yet understand, even those that might pose problems for his thesis.

Unfortunately, his paragraphs are often very long; the sentences are often unwieldy and difficult for modern readers to follow; and Darwin assumes that his readers know a lot more about the people and organisms he talks about than most modern readers do. Although The Origin is widely known, it is now rarely read.

This new book is the product of careful editing of Darwin's sixth and final edition (published in 1872) into more readable prose, with numerous helpful drawings and photographs added. Dr. Pechenik's goal is to enable more people--including high school and college students'--to read and understand this fascinating and important book, and to enjoy doing so.

Every page of Darwin' s book has been painstakingly rewritten: long paragraphs have been broken up, sentences have been shortened and reorganized, and weak verbs have been replaced with stronger verbs. The various people that Darwin mentions have been identified, and his terminology and the logic of some of his arguments have been clarified, all to make Darwin's points clearer to today's readers while retaining the flavor of the original Origin. In addition, occasional footnotes clarify issues about which Darwin was uncertain or mistaken.

This book covers the first eight of The Origin's fifteen chapters, focusing on variation, the inheritance of variation, and the action of selection in bringing about major changes in the way that organisms look and behave.

RESOURCES

The Companion Website includes all of the links and videos referenced in each chapter of the book.

Arvustused

The members of my lab and I read and discussed The Readable Darwin for our weekly lab meetings and we loved it! My lab is made up of many PhD, MS, and undergraduate students, and not many of us had read Charles Darwin's original text as it is not especially inviting to a modern audience. However, Dr. Pechenik's inclusion of numerous photos and his smoothly written prose make Darwin's classic truly enjoyable and entertaining to read. Dr. Pechenik's edits take nothing away from Darwin's work and his use of modern language will open the door for many more readers. I highly recommend this as required reading for budding and experienced evolutionary biologists and ecologists, and for anyone interested in a better understanding of both Darwin the man and his essential text." * Carolyn M. Kurle, University of California, San Diego * I appreciate Pechenik's originality and degree of daring in proposing this book, and I find his idea of making Darwin's work more accessible to people inspiring. Pechenik's writing is lucid, his reorganization of sentences and paragraphs is done with much thought and care, and he is clearly delivering on his vision." * Adi Livnat, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University *

Introduction 1(4)
1 Variation Under Domestication
5(26)
Variability
5(1)
Effects of Habit and of the Use or Disuse of Parts; Correlated Variation; Inheritance
5(2)
Character of Domestic Varieties; Difficulties of Distinguishing between Varieties and Species; Origin of Domestic Varieties from One or More Species
7(1)
Breeds of the Domestic Pigeon, Their Differences and Origin
8(10)
Principles of Selection Anciently Followed, and Their Effects
18(3)
Unconscious Selection
21(4)
Circumstances Favorable to Man's Power of Selection
25(2)
Summary
27(4)
2 Variation in Nature
31(14)
Individual Differences
32(1)
Questionable Species
33(5)
Wide Ranging, Much Diffused, and Common Species Vary the Most
38(1)
Species in Larger Genera Vary More Frequently Than Those in Smaller Genera
39(1)
Many Species Included in the Larger Genera Resemble Varieties: They Are Closely Related, and Have Restricted Ranges
40(2)
Summary
42(3)
3 The Struggle for Existence
45(18)
The Term "Struggle for Existence" Used in a Larger Sense
47(1)
Exponential Rates of Increase
47(4)
Nature of the Checks to Population Growth Increase
51(2)
Complex Relations of All Animals and Plants to Each Other in the Struggle for Existence
53(4)
The Struggle for Life Is Generally Most Severe between Individuals and Varieties of the Same Species
57(6)
4 Natural Selection, or the Survival of the Fittest
63(48)
Sexual Selection
70(3)
Examples of Natural Selection, or the Survival of the Fittest, in Action
73(5)
On the Outbreeding of Individuals
78(4)
Circumstances Favoring the Production of New Forms Through Natural Selection
82(5)
Extinction Caused by Natural Selection
87(1)
Divergence of Character
88(4)
Effects of Natural Selection on the Descendants of a Common Ancestor, Through Divergence of Character and Extinction
92(7)
On the Degree to Which Organisms Tend to Advance in Complexity
99(4)
Convergence of Character
103(2)
Summary
105(6)
5 Laws of Variation
111(30)
Effects of Increased Use and Disuse of Parts as Controlled by Natural Selection
112(5)
Acclimatization
117(3)
Correlated Variation
120(3)
Compensation and the Economy of Growth
123(1)
Multiple, Rudimentary, and Lowly Organized Structures Are Especially Variable
124(1)
A Part Developed in Any Species to an Extraordinary Degree Tends to Be Highly Variable, in Comparison with the Same Part in Related (Allied) Species
125(3)
Specific Characters Vary More Than Generic Characters
128(1)
Secondary Sexual Characteristics Are Highly Variable
129(2)
Distinct Species Present Analogous Variations, So That a Variety of One Species Often Presents a Trait Typical of a Related Species, or Reverts Back to Some Trait Possessed by an Early Ancestor
131(7)
Summary
138(3)
6 Difficulties with the Theory
141(42)
On the Absence or Rarity of Transitional Varieties
142(4)
On the Origin and Transitions of Organic Beings with Peculiar Habits and Structure
146(7)
Organs of Extreme Perfection and Complication
153(4)
Modes of Transition
157(4)
Special Difficulties of the Theory of Natural Selection
161(7)
Organs of Little Apparent Importance, as Affected by Natural Selection
168(4)
Utilitarian Doctrine, How Far True? Beauty, How to Explain It?
172(5)
Summary
177(2)
The Law of Unity of Type and of the Conditions of Existence Embraced by the Theory of Natural Selection
179(4)
7 Miscellaneous Objections to the Theory of Natural Selection
183(40)
Modifications not Necessarily Simultaneous
185(1)
Modifications that are Apparently of No Direct Service
185(5)
Supposed Incompetence of Natural Selection to Account for the Incipient Stages of Useful Structures
190(17)
Widely Different Organs in Members of the Same Class, Developed from One and the Same Source
207(6)
Summary
213(3)
Reasons for Disbelieving in Great and Abrupt Modifications
216(7)
8 Instinct
223(34)
Inherited Changes of Habit or Instinct in Domesticated Animals
227(3)
Special Instincts
230(15)
Objections to the Theory of Natural Selection as Applied to Instincts: Neuter and Sterile Insects
245(7)
Summary
252(5)
Appendix A Other Books by Charles Darwin 257(4)
Appendix B People Referred to in These
Chapters
261(8)
Illustration Credits 269(2)
Index 271
Jan A. Pechenik is Professor of Biology at Tufts University. He earned a B.A. from Duke University and an M.S. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, then completed his Ph.D. in the Graduate School of Oceanography at the University of Rhode Island. He is author or coauthor on more than 125 research and review papers covering a number of areas in marine biology, including larval development, metamorphosis, and behavior. Dr. Pechenik has also authored Biology of the Invertebrates (2014) and A Short Guide to Writing about Biology (2012), and served as Director of the Writing Across the Curriculum program at Tufts from 1998-2001 and 2005-2008.