Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Real Analysis: A Constructive Approach [Pehme köide]

(Northeastern University)
Teised raamatud teemal:
Teised raamatud teemal:
Bridger (mathematics, Northeastern U., Boston) presents a textbook for an undergraduate course that focuses on understanding and using real analysis, not in higher mathematics, but in such fields as secondary education, the physical sciences, and--most often--computer science. It provides a rigorous modern account of the theoretical underpinnings of calculus, he says, and because it takes a constructive perspective, every proof of every result is direct and is ultimately computationally verifiable, at least in principle. Among his topics are the real numbers and completeness, uniform continuity, differentiation, and sequences and series of functions. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

A unique approach to analysis that lets you apply mathematics across a range of subjects

This innovative text sets forth a thoroughly rigorous modern account of the theoretical underpinnings of calculus: continuity, differentiability, and convergence. Using a constructive approach, every proof of every result is direct and ultimately computationally verifiable. In particular, existence is never established by showing that the assumption of non-existence leads to a contradiction. The ultimate consequence of this method is that it makes sense—not just to math majors but also to students from all branches of the sciences.

The text begins with a construction of the real numbers beginning with the rationals, using interval arithmetic. This introduces readers to the reasoning and proof-writing skills necessary for doing and communicating mathematics, and it sets the foundation for the rest of the text, which includes:

  • Early use of the Completeness Theorem to prove a helpful Inverse Function Theorem
  • Sequences, limits and series, and the careful derivation of formulas and estimates for important functions
  • Emphasis on uniform continuity and its consequences, such as boundedness and the extension of uniformly continuous functions from dense subsets
  • Construction of the Riemann integral for functions uniformly continuous on an interval, and its extension to improper integrals
  • Differentiation, emphasizing the derivative as a function rather than a pointwise limit
  • Properties of sequences and series of continuous and differentiable functions
  • Fourier series and an introduction to more advanced ideas in functional analysis

Examples throughout the text demonstrate the application of new concepts. Readers can test their own skills with problems and projects ranging in difficulty from basic to challenging.

This book is designed mainly for an undergraduate course, and the author understands that many readers will not go on to more advanced pure mathematics. He therefore emphasizes an approach to mathematical analysis that can be applied across a range of subjects in engineering and the sciences.

Preface vii
Acknowledgements xi
Introduction xiii
0 Preliminaries
1(10)
0.1 The Natural Numbers
1(2)
0.2 The Rationals
3(8)
1 The Real Numbers and Completeness
11(58)
1.0 Introduction
11(1)
1.1 Interval Arithmetic
12(10)
1.2 Families of Intersecting Intervals
22(10)
1.3 Fine Families
32(7)
1.4 Definition of the Reals
39(4)
1.5 Real Number Arithmetic
43(12)
1.6 Rational Approximations
55(4)
1.7 Real Intervals and Completeness
59(4)
1.8 Limits and Limiting Families
63(6)
Appendix: The Goldbach Number and Trichotomy
67(2)
2 An Inverse Function Theorem and its Application
69(30)
2.0 Introduction
69(1)
2.1 Functions and Inverses
70(4)
2.2 An Inverse Function Theorem
74(9)
2.3 The Exponential Function
83(11)
2.4 Natural Logs and the Euler Number e
94(5)
3 Limits, Sequences and Series
99(40)
3.1 Sequences and Convergence
99(9)
3.2 Limits of Functions
108(4)
3.3 Series of Numbers
112(27)
Appendix I Some Properties of Exp and Log
131(3)
Appendix II Rearrangements of Series
134(5)
4 Uniform Continuity
139(26)
4.1 Definitions and Elementary Properties
139(8)
4.2 Limits and Extensions
147(18)
Appendix I Are there Non-Continuous Functions?
157(4)
Appendix II Continuity of Double-Sided Inverses
161(2)
Appendix III The Goldbach Function
163(2)
5 The Riemann Integral
165(20)
5.1 Definition and Existence
165(7)
5.2 Elementary Properties
172(4)
5.3 Extensions and Improper Integrals
176(9)
6 Differentiation
185(38)
6.1 Definitions and Basic Properties
185(6)
6.2 The Arithmetic of Differentiability
191(5)
6.3 Two Important Theorems
196(8)
6.4 Derivative Tools
204(7)
6.5 Integral Tools
211(12)
7 Sequences and Series of Functions
223(48)
7.1 Sequences of Functions
223(10)
7.2 Integrals and Derivatives of Sequences
233(6)
7.3 Power Series
239(14)
7.4 Taylor Series
253(8)
7.5 The Periodic Functions
261(10)
Appendix: Binomial Issues
269(2)
8 The Complex Numbers and Fourier Series
271(24)
8.0 Introduction
271(4)
8.1 The Complex Numbers C
275(3)
8.2 Complex Functions and Vectors
278(6)
8.3 Fourier Series Theory
284(11)
References 295(2)
Index 297
MARK BRIDGER, PHD, is Associate Professor of Mathematics at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts. The author of numerous journal articles, Dr. Bridger's research focuses on constructive analysis, the philosophy of science, and the use of technology in mathematics education.