While the technology on crewless ships (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships, MASS) develops rapidly, the legal framework requires revisions to accommodate this new phenomenon. Although there is a broad understanding that there are no substantial barriers to the operation of MASS in legal terms, there is a need for a thorough revision process to provide for a proper regulatory framework. Future regulation should be based on several principles, including protecting the rights of victims of MASS operations and preserving the maritime environment, but, on the other hand, it should not hinder the development of technology and new industries. This book proposes regulatory solutions to the problems arising from MASS operations, carefully balancing the interests of many, at times new, parties involved.
Consisting of four parts, the book opens with chapters describing the most recent developments at the forums of international organizations. The second part contains chapters that elaborate on specific issues arising from work done at international organizations, providing some solutions to emerging questions, including topics of the UNCLOS genuine link requirement for the Remote Operations Centres (ROCs), security issues, master of the MASS and environmental aspects. The third part concerns liability and insurance issues. The fourth part gathers chapters that comment upon different issues related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) in control of the MASS.
This book is written for policy makers on different levels (international and national), national maritime administrations, practitioners in maritime law, insurers of maritime risks, maritime legal scholars, artificial intelligence scholars, and advanced students of maritime law courses.
While the technology on crewless ships (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships) develops rapidly, the legal framework requires revisions to accommodate this new phenomenon. This book is written for policy makers on different levels (international and national), along with scholars and practitoners of maritime law.
PART I ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
1. REGULATORY CHALLENGES LINKED TO MASS
2. LAYING THE GROUNDWORK FOR MASS
REGULATION AT THE IMO
3. EU and MASS
4. CMI AND MASS PART II DISCUSSION ON
EMERGING ISSUES ARISING FROM THE WORK OF INTERNATIONAL BODIES
5. THE
JURISDICTIONAL REACH OF FLAG STATES OVER REMOTE OPERATION CENTRES
6.
AUTONOMOUS SHIPS DO WE NEED A MASS MASTER?
7. MASS AND STCW EMERGING
PROBLEMS WITH REFERENCE TO SEAFARERS
8. NEXT-GENERATION AUTONOMOUS VESSELS
AND THE IMOS DECARBONIZATION GOALS: AN OVERVIEW
9. MASS AND INTERNATIONAL
MARITIME SECURITY LAW
10. UNMANNED VESSELS: MARITIME SECURITY AND THE UKS
GOAL OF PROACTIVE LEGISLATION
11. PROBLEMS ARISING FROM THE IMOs REGULATORY
SCOPING EXERCISES PATHS TO TAKE PART III INSURANCE AND LIABILITY REGIME FOR
MASS
12. SOME THOUGHTS ON THE INSURANCE OF AUTONOMOUS SHIP
13. MASS AND THE
LLMC: EXAMINING THE LIMITS OF THE CONVENTIONS APPLICABILITY
14. AI, AI
CAPTAIN, MASS LIABILITY AHOY PART IV MASS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR
MASS DILEMMAS AND SOLUTIONS
15. LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY AUTONOMOUS
SHIPS IN THE LIGHT OF THE EU FRAMEWORK ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
16. INHUMAN
ETHICS? LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN
MARITIME SECTOR
17. NAVIGATING AUTONOMY WITH HUMAN CONTROL: REGULATORY
APPROACHES FOR AUTONOMOUS SHIPPING IN JAPAN AND KOREA
Zuzanna Pepowska-Dbrowska is an Assistant Professor at the Commercial, Maritime and Civil Procedure Law Department of the Law and Administration Faculty at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru, Poland. Between 2015 and 2019, she was a member of the Polish Codification Commission for Maritime Law. She is a Board Member of the Polish Maritime Law Association, a member of the Maritime Law Commissions board of the Polish Academy of Sciences and an arbitrator in maritime disputes. She is an author of many publications in the field of maritime law in Polish and English, including Codification of Maritime Law (Informa Law from Routledge 2020) and Maritime Safety - A Comparative Approach (Informa Law from Routledge 2021) (both as a co-editor and contributor). She has researched in multiple maritime law centres, including Swansea, Southampton, Oslo, Cadiz, Castellon de la Plana and New Orleans (the latter as a Fulbright grantee). She is a member of the Polish Delegation to the Legal Committee sessions in London and one of the directors of the maritime and transport law course annually held in Dubrovnik.
Igor Vio has been teaching courses in Maritime Law, Law of the Sea, Maritime Labour Law, Environmental Law and Transport Insurance as an Associate Professor at the University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies. As a visiting lecturer, he has participated in courses and delivered lectures at the IMO International Maritime Law Institute in Malta, the IMO International Maritime Academy in Trieste, the International Ocean Institute at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada and the World Maritime University in Malmö, Sweden. His legal education includes an LLB degree at the University of Rijeka, Faculty of Law, an LLM in Ocean and Coastal Law at the University of Miami, School of Law, an LLM in the Maritime Law and Law of the Sea and a PhD degree in Maritime Law from the University of Split, Faculty of Law. As a UN fellow, he spent one year in the United States and worked at the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs in New York City. Igor Vio has published papers covering various fields of the international law of the sea and maritime law. He was the editor of the volume Maritime Code of the Republic of Croatia and Recent Developments in the Area of Maritime and Transportation Law and a member of the working group for drafting amendments of the Maritime Code. As an invited speaker, he participated with presentations at various national and international conferences. He is the Secretary General of the Croatian Maritime Law Association and a Titulary Member of the CMI.
