PART ONE: What is tax avoidance?
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Tax Avoidance
What is tax avoidance?
Analysis of the concepts of (a) "tax evasion" and "sham transactions"; (b) "tax avoidance"; and (c) "tax mitigation"
Measuring the "tax gap"
Chapter 3: the domestic jurisprudence; 50 years from Rossminster to Rangers
1970s: respect for legal facts created by the parties (IRC v Duke of Westminster)
1980s: composite transactions
- Ramsay
- Extending Ramsay: Furniss v Dawson
- Limits on Ramsay (Craven v White)
1990s:
- Emergence of a purposive approach (McGuickian)
2000s:
- Distinction between "commercial" v "legal" concepts (MacNiven v Westmoreland)
- Purposive construction or a judicial anti-avoidance rule?
- Development and refinement of the purposive approach (and the end of Ramsay as a special theory?) (BMBF)
2010s:
- construe purposively the statutory provisions and the relevant facts viewed realistically (Icebreaker, Rangers)
2020s
Can taxpayers rely on a purposive interpretation of statute? (Whittles v Uniholdings, Trigg)
Chapter 4: the EU approach
Doctrine of abuse of rights (Emsland-Starke, Centros)
Developments in VAT (Halifax)
Approach in direct tax
o Wholly artificial arrangements (ICI v Colmer)
o (Cadbury Schweppes)
Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive
Chapter 5: Methods of legislative control
Retrospective legislation
TAARs
Transactions in securities (ss.682 to 686, ITA 2007)
Diverted Profits Tax
GAAR
The Loan Charge
Penalties
Publicity and morality
PART 2 From DOTAS to POTAS looks at the supply side measures that have been introduced, particularly since 2000.
Chapter 6: Disclosure of Tax Avoidance Schemes
Direct taxes
National Insurance Contributions
VAT
Key concepts, including "tax advantage", "promoter" and "hallmarks"
Penalties
Information powers
EU's DAC 6 Directive
Chapter 7: The Regulatory Codes
Banking Code of Conduct
PCRT
Solicitors Code of Conduct
Chapter 8: APNs
Chapter 9: Follower Notices
Chapter 10: POTAS
Chapter 11: Serial Tax Avoiders
Chapter 12: Appeals and Judicial Review