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Remote and Robotic Investigations of the Solar System [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 362 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 860 g, 6 Tables, black and white; 45 Line drawings, black and white; 37 Halftones, black and white; 82 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Sep-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 149870493X
  • ISBN-13: 9781498704939
Teised raamatud teemal:
Remote and Robotic Investigations of the Solar SystemSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 362 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 860 g, 6 Tables, black and white; 45 Line drawings, black and white; 37 Halftones, black and white; 82 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Sep-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 149870493X
  • ISBN-13: 9781498704939
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781498704939.html
Märksõnad:
The purpose of this book is to explain how our present knowledge of solar system objects, other than the Sun, has been obtained. Detailed and comprehensive descriptions of the scientific methods used to obtain that knowledge are generally difficult to find, especially gathered together in one place. Its intended readership would include university students undertaking physical science subjects, amateur astronomers and anyone else interested in our local bit of space as well as to professionals workingin the area, particularly with regard to subjects away from their specialisms. The book is written in an accessible manner with much of the material being developed from first principles. Most of the discussions may be followed without working through the equations in detail the first time round and some school level physics background will be needed at times. Knowledge of solar system objects themselves is also assumed. - Explains how we have arrived at our present knowledge of the solar system - Details the instrumentation, apparatus, analytical methods, sampling tools, detectors and other equipment used to study the solar system - Presents the physical principles and background theory underlying the operation of that equipment - Illustrates the discussions with case studies of actual examples - Covers all aspects of solar system investigation whether via electromagnetic radiation, atomic and sub-atomic particle detection or direct sampling - Provides in one place a compendium of all aspects of investigation allowing easy comparison and evaluation of differing approaches to the study of solar system objects - Looks ahead to future developments whilst also providing a historical perspective on the development of the subject-- Interest in and knowledge of the techniques utilised to investigate our solar system has been growing rapidly for decades and has now reached a stage of maturity. Therefore, the time has now arrived for a book that provides a cohesive and coherent account of how we have obtained our present knowledge of solar system objects, not including the Sun.Remote and Robotic Investigations of the Solar System covers all aspects of solar system observations: the instruments, their theory, and their practical use both on Earth and in space. It explores the state-of-the-art telescopes, cameras, spacecraft and instruments used to analyse the interiors, surfaces, atmospheres and radiation belts of solar system objects, in addition to radio waves, gamma rays, cosmic rays and neutrinos. This book would be ideal for university students undertaking physical science subjects and professionals working in the field, in addition to amateur astronomers and anyone interested in learning more about our local astronomical neighbours.

Arvustused

"This is a painstaking book that few would have had the patience to compile. It will be found invaluable by those wishing to look up the principles of most of the kinds of detectors and, where relevant, their optics, used on flyby, orbitting and landing spacecraft. The figures are well-chosen, and the text is reader-friendly considering the information density required in such a comprehensive account." David A. Rothery, Professor of Planetary Geosciences, The Open University, UK "This is a painstaking book that few would have had the patience to compile. It will be found invaluable by those wishing to look up the principles of most of the kinds of detectors and, where relevant, their optics, used on flyby, orbitting and landing spacecraft. The figures are well-chosen, and the text is reader-friendly considering the information density required in such a comprehensive account." David A. Rothery, Professor of Planetary Geosciences, The Open University, UK

Preface xiii
Part I The Detection and Investigation of Solar System Objects via Electromagnetic Radiation
Chapter 1 The Extended Optical Region
3(58)
1.1 Introduction
3(4)
1.2 Telescopes And Cameras
7(19)
1.2.1 Reflecting Cameras
7(13)
1.2.1.1 Prime Focus Systems
10(1)
1.2.1.2 Cassegrain Systems
10(1)
1.2.1.3 Ritchey-Chretien Systems
11(2)
1.2.1.4 Catadioptric Systems
13(4)
1.2.1.5 Gregorian Systems
17(1)
1.2.1.6 Custom-Designed Systems
17(3)
1.2.2 Refracting Cameras
20(6)
1.2.2.1 Telescope-Type Systems
20(1)
1.2.2.2 Camera-Type Systems
21(3)
1.2.2.3 Panoramic Systems
24(2)
1.3 Spectroscopy And Spectrographs
26(23)
1.3.1 Introduction
26(1)
1.3.2 Basic Spectroscopy
26(12)
1.3.3 Spectrographs
38(1)
1.3.4 Spectral Features
38(3)
1.3.5 Examples of Spectrographic Instruments
41(8)
1.4 Detectors
49(12)
1.4.1 Electron-Hole Pair Production-Based Detectors
49(6)
1.4.1.1 Introduction
49(1)
1.4.1.2 CCDs
50(4)
1.4.1.3 Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Detectors
54(1)
1.4.1.4 Photodiodes
54(1)
1.4.2 Thermal Detectors
55(1)
1.4.3 Photoelectric Effect-Based Detectors
56(11)
1.4.3.1 Introduction
56(1)
1.4.3.2 Microchannel Plates
56(1)
1.4.3.3 Photomultipliers
57(1)
1.4.3.4 Image Intensifiers
58(1)
1.4.3.5 Detectors of Historical Interest
58(3)
Chapter 2 Microwave and Radio Regions
61(34)
2.1 Introduction
61(2)
2.2 Telescopes, Receivers And Detectors
63(4)
2.3 Direct Emissions From Solar System Objects
67(5)
2.3.1 Introduction
67(3)
2.3.2 Space-Based Observations
70(2)
2.4 Radar
72(18)
2.4.1 Introduction
72(1)
2.4.2 Physical Principles of Radar Systems
73(1)
2.4.3 Terrestrially Based Instruments
74(5)
2.4.4 Spacecraft-Based Instruments
79(16)
2.4.4.1 Introduction
79(1)
2.4.4.2 Synthetic Aperture Radar
79(4)
2.4.4.3 Imaging Radar Spacecraft Missions
83(1)
2.4.4.4 Altitude, Doppler, Terrain and Other Radars
84(3)
2.4.4.5 Ground-Penetrating Radar
87(1)
2.4.4.6 Occultations
88(2)
2.5 Spectroscopy
90(5)
Chapter 3 X-Ray and gamma Ray Regions
95(44)
3.1 Introduction
95(4)
3.1.1 Early Observations
96(1)
3.1.1.1 X-Rays
96(1)
3.1.1.2 Gamma Rays
96(1)
3.1.2 X- and gamma Ray Sources
97(2)
3.2 Detectors
99(18)
3.2.1 Introduction
99(1)
3.2.2 Proportional Counters and Related Instruments
99(4)
3.2.3 Scintillation Detectors
103(2)
3.2.4 Microchannel Plates and Related Instruments
105(1)
3.2.5 Solid State Detectors and Related Instruments
106(11)
3.2.5.1 Charge-Coupled Devices
107(7)
3.2.5.2 Semiconductor-Based Detectors
114(2)
3.2.5.3 Calorimeter
116(1)
3.3 Imagers
117(14)
3.3.1 Multi-Layer Reflectors
118(1)
3.3.2 Glancing Incidence Reflectors
118(8)
3.3.2.1 Macroscopic Systems
119(3)
3.3.2.2 Microscopic Systems
122(4)
3.3.3 Collimators
126(2)
3.3.3.1 Pin-Hole Cameras
126(1)
3.3.3.2 Honeycomb Collimators
127(1)
3.3.4 Coded Masks
128(3)
3.4 Spectroscopes
131(8)
3.4.1 Grating-Based Spectroscopes
132(1)
3.4.1.1 Transmission Gratings
132(1)
3.4.1.2 Reflection Gratings
132(1)
3.4.2 Bragg Diffraction-Based Spectrometers
133(6)
Part II The Detection and Investigation of Sub-Atomic, Atomic and Molecular Particles
Chapter 4 Detectors
139(30)
4.1 Introduction
139(1)
4.2 Detectors
140(29)
4.2.1 Geiger Counters
141(4)
4.2.2 Ion Chambers
145(2)
4.2.3 Proportional Counters
147(1)
4.2.4 Scintillation Detectors
148(3)
4.2.5 Microchannel Plates
151(5)
4.2.5.1 Channel Electron Multiplier
155(1)
4.2.6 Solid State Detectors
156(7)
4.2.6.1 Semiconductors and the Band Structure of Solids
156(4)
4.2.6.2 Solid State Detectors
160(3)
4.2.7 Transition Radiation Detectors
163(2)
4.2.8 Calorimeter
165(1)
4.2.9 Cerenkov Detectors
165(4)
Chapter 5 Ion Optics and Charged Particle Instrumentation
169(26)
5.1 Introduction
169(1)
5.2 Ion Optics And Charged Particle Instrumentation
169(26)
5.2.1 Electrostatic Analyser
169(7)
5.2.2 Electrostatic Lenses
176(1)
5.2.3 Electrostatic Prisms
177(1)
5.2.3.1 Quadrupole Beam Deflector
177(1)
5.2.4 Magnetic Interactions
177(5)
5.2.4.1 Introduction
177(2)
5.2.4.2 Magnetic Lenses
179(3)
5.2.5 Velocity Selectors and Spectrometers
182(2)
5.2.5.1 Velocity Selector
182(1)
5.2.5.2 Velocity Spectrometer
182(1)
5.2.5.3 Ion Drift Meters
183(1)
5.2.6 Mass Spectrometers
184(22)
5.2.6.1 Introduction
184(1)
5.2.6.2 Magnetic Sector Mass Spectrometer
184(4)
5.2.6.3 Electric Fields
188(3)
5.2.6.4 Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer
191(3)
5.2.6.5 Future Usage of Mass Spectrometers
194(1)
Chapter 6 Neutral Particles
195(8)
6.1 Introduction
195(1)
6.2 Neutron Detection
196(7)
Part III Direct Sampling and Other Investigative Methods
Chapter 7 Direct Sampling Instruments
203(64)
7.1 Introduction
203(3)
7.2 Surface
206(38)
7.2.1 Microscopy
207(2)
7.2.2 Spectroscopy
209(10)
7.2.2.1 Thermal Emissions
209(1)
7.2.2.2 Solids
210(2)
7.2.2.3 Gases
212(1)
7.2.2.4 Raman Spectroscopy
212(2)
7.2.2.5 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction
214(2)
7.2.2.6 Alpha Particle Spectrometry
216(2)
7.2.2.7 Mossbauer Spectroscopy
218(1)
7.2.3 Chemical and Biological Analyses
219(8)
7.2.3.1 Introduction
219(1)
7.2.3.2 Gas Chromatograph
219(1)
7.2.3.3 Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer Instruments
220(3)
7.2.3.4 Biological Investigations
223(1)
7.2.3.5 Neutron-Based Instruments
224(2)
7.2.3.6 Wet Chemistry
226(1)
7.2.4 Physical Properties
227(5)
7.2.4.1 Temperature and Thermal Conductivity or Inertia
227(2)
7.2.4.2 Electricity and Magnetism
229(2)
7.2.4.3 Density and Refractive Index
231(1)
7.2.5 Ionising Radiation Levels
232(1)
7.2.6 Sampling
233(9)
7.2.6.1 Introduction
233(1)
7.2.6.2 Passive Sampling
234(1)
7.2.6.3 Active Sampling
234(8)
7.2.7 Ground Truth
242(1)
7.2.8 Retro-Reflectors
243(1)
7.3 Sub-Surface
244(4)
7.3.1 Radar
244(1)
7.3.2 Seismometry
245(3)
7.3.2.1 Introduction
245(2)
7.3.2.2 Spacecraft Seismometry
247(1)
7.4 Atmosphere
248(7)
7.4.1 Spectroscopy
248(2)
7.4.2 Nephelometry
250(1)
7.4.3 Pressure
250(2)
7.4.4 Temperature
252(1)
7.4.5 Humidity
253(1)
7.4.6 Wind
254(1)
7.4.7 Acoustics
255(1)
7.5 Interplanetary Medium
255(12)
7.5.1 Large-Scale Magnetic Fields
256(3)
7.5.1.1 Search Coil Magnetometer
256(1)
7.5.1.2 Flux Gate Magnetometer
257(2)
7.5.1.3 Helium Magnetometer
259(1)
7.5.2 Electric Fields
259(4)
7.5.2.1 Langmuir Wave Instruments
259(2)
7.5.2.2 Langmuir Probe Instruments
261(2)
7.5.2.3 Electron Drift
263(1)
7.5.3 Interplanetary Dust
263(4)
Chapter 8 Accelerations
267(6)
8.1 Introduction
267(1)
8.2 Spacecraft-Borne Accelerometers
268(1)
8.3 Gravity Studies
269(4)
Appendix A: Bibliography 273(6)
Appendix B: Timeline Of Solar System Investigations 279(16)
Appendix C: Details Of The Spacecraft, Rockets, Observatories And Other Missions Mentioned In This Book 295(36)
Appendix D: Data And Units 331(6)
Appendix E: Abbreviations And Acronyms 337(10)
Index 347
C.R. Kitchin