Preface |
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xxi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxv | |
Author |
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xxvii | |
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Section I Initiating Projects |
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1 Project Flow and Obtaining Data |
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3 | (8) |
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3 | (1) |
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Choosing the Right Imagery for the Job |
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3 | (5) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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2 Photointerpretation Tools and Techniques |
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11 | (22) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Mechanics of Image Analysis |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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Effect of Viewing Direction or Perspective |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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Viewing with "Fresh Eyes" |
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20 | (1) |
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Multiple Images of the Same Area |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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Contrast Enhancement (and Suppression) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (3) |
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24 | (1) |
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Transforms and Spectral Band Merging |
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25 | (3) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Geographic Information Systems |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (132) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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Black-and-White Photography |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (3) |
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39 | (1) |
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Thermal Scanners and Imagery |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (3) |
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Radar Profiling/Microwave Sounders |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Passive Microwave Radiometry |
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46 | (1) |
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Spectrometers, Spectrophotometers, and Interferometers |
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47 | (1) |
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Multispectral and Hyperspectral Scanners |
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48 | (3) |
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Imaging Absorption Spectrometers |
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51 | (1) |
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Occultation Spectrometers |
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51 | (1) |
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Michelson Interferometers |
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51 | (1) |
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Lasers, Lidar, and Lidar Altimeters |
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51 | (4) |
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55 | (1) |
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Differential Absorption Lidar |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Potential Fields Systems (Gravity and Magnetics Instruments) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (2) |
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Gamma Ray and X-Ray Spectrometry |
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61 | (3) |
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Airborne Electromagnetic Surveys |
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64 | (1) |
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Airborne Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic Survey |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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Airborne Induced Polarization |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner |
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71 | (1) |
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Airborne Imagining Spectrometer |
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71 | (1) |
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Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer |
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71 | (1) |
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Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager |
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72 | (1) |
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Thematic Mapper Simulator |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer |
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73 | (1) |
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Hyperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment |
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73 | (1) |
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Short Wavelength Infrared Full Spectrum Imager |
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73 | (1) |
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Digital Airborne Imaging Spectrometer 7915 |
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73 | (1) |
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Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low-Light Spectroscopy |
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74 | (1) |
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MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel |
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79 | (1) |
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Satellites and Their Primary Earth Observation Systems |
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79 | (1) |
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United States of America (NASA, NOAA) |
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80 | (1) |
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Orbiting Geophysical Observatory |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (3) |
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Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite |
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83 | (1) |
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Laser Geodynamics Satellite 1 and 2 |
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83 | (1) |
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The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and MetOp-A |
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83 | (1) |
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Heat Capacity Mapping Mission |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (3) |
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Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor III |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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New Millenium Program Earth Observing-1 Satellite |
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92 | (1) |
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Scientific Application Satellite-C |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment |
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96 | (1) |
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Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite |
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97 | (1) |
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Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Polar Operational Environmental Satellite N Series |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites |
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109 | (1) |
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Meteosat Second Generation |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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Project for On-Board Autonomy |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity |
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115 | (1) |
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Gravity Field and Ocean Circulation Explorer |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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Laser Relativity Satellite |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions |
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119 | (1) |
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Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science Coupled with Observations from Lidar |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Challenging Minisatellite Payload |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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|
125 | (1) |
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Technology Experiment Satellite |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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|
127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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Earth Resources Observation Satellite |
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128 | (1) |
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Earth Resources Observation Satellite B |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Series |
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129 | (1) |
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Marine Observation Satellite-1 and -1b |
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130 | (1) |
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Advanced Earth Observing Satellite Series |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (1) |
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Multifunctional Transport Satellites Series |
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132 | (1) |
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Advanced Land Observing Satellite |
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133 | (2) |
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Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Korea Multipurpose Satellite-1 |
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136 | (1) |
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Korea Multipurpose Satellite-2 |
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136 | (1) |
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Korea Multipurpose Satellite-3 |
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136 | (1) |
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Soviet Union/Russian Federation |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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|
138 | (2) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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Surrey Satellite Technology Limited |
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141 | (1) |
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Disaster Monitoring Constellation |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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NigeriaSat-1 and NigeriaSat-2 |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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Atmospheric Dynamics Mission (ADM-Aeolus) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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Global Precipitation Measurement |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
|
International Space Station (ISS) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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Soil Moisture Active-Passive |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 |
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150 | (1) |
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Joint Polar Satellite System |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (11) |
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163 | (2) |
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Section II Remote Sensing in Geologic Mapping and Resource Exploration |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (3) |
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171 | (10) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (82) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (5) |
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Anticlines, Domes, and Uplifts |
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188 | (2) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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Topographic Expression of Folding |
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192 | (1) |
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Color Anomalies Indicating Folds |
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192 | (1) |
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Vegetation Anomalies Suggesting Folds |
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193 | (1) |
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Fracture Patterns Indicating Folds |
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194 | (6) |
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Buried Folds in Glacial Terrain |
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200 | (1) |
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Folds beneath Drifting Sand |
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200 | (1) |
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Folds Revealed by Drainage Patterns |
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201 | (1) |
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Channel Width/Depth Adjustment and Incision |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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Radial and Concentric (Annular) Drainage |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Double Drainage Deflection |
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204 | (1) |
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Change in Strike of Bedding |
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204 | (1) |
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Parallel Drainage Deflection |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Surface Features Offset from Subsurface Structure |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (3) |
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211 | (5) |
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216 | (3) |
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Normal, Reverse, and Listric Faults |
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219 | (9) |
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228 | (3) |
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231 | (8) |
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Case History: Structure and Geomechanics of Active Fault Zones |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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Lateral Displacement of Geomorphic Markers |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (2) |
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Earthquakes and Tectonics |
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247 | (1) |
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Case History: Measuring Earthquake Deformation Using Differential Lidar |
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248 | (1) |
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El Mayor-Cucapah Earthquake Deformation |
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248 | (3) |
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Remote Sensing and Earthquake Forecasting |
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251 | (1) |
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Timing of Structural Development |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (8) |
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261 | (2) |
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6 Stratigraphic and Compositional Mapping |
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263 | (34) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (4) |
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268 | (1) |
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Mineral Mixing and Unmixing |
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269 | (3) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (5) |
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Using Radar to Map Stratigraphy |
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279 | (1) |
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Hyperspectral Outcrop and Core Analysis |
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279 | (4) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (1) |
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Coal, Phosphate, Potash, and Uranium-Vanadium Deposits |
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287 | (1) |
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Base Metal Sedimentary Deposits and Chemical Precipitates |
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287 | (2) |
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Disseminated Sedimentary Ores and Replacement Mantos |
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289 | (1) |
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Fluvial and Marine Placer Deposits |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (4) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (20) |
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297 | (1) |
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Altered Rock and Soil Related to Hydrocarbon Seepage |
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297 | (7) |
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Altered Rock and Soil Related to Mineral Deposits |
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304 | (5) |
|
Remote Sensing of Gases, Radiation, and Aerosols |
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309 | (1) |
|
Case History: Sniffing the Air |
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309 | (2) |
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Detection of Gases, Radiation, and Aerosols Associated with Mineral Deposits |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (5) |
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317 | (14) |
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317 | (1) |
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Depositional Environments |
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317 | (5) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (2) |
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Analogs for Hazards Planning |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (3) |
|
9 Remote Sensing in Petroleum Exploration |
|
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331 | (22) |
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331 | (1) |
|
Frontier Petroleum Exploration |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
Case History: Offshore Barbados Petroleum Exploration |
|
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331 | (2) |
|
Case History: Unraveling the Trap at Trap Springs, Nevada |
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333 | (3) |
|
Mature Basin Petroleum Exploration |
|
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336 | (1) |
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Case History: An Integrated Approach Brings New Life to an Old Basin |
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336 | (4) |
|
Case History: Stratigraphic Traps in the Paradox Basin, Utah |
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340 | (3) |
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343 | (1) |
|
Case History: Niobrara Fractured Carbonate-Shale Reservoir, Denver Basin, Colorado-Wyoming |
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343 | (4) |
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Case History: The Marcellus Fractured Shale Play |
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347 | (2) |
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349 | (2) |
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351 | (2) |
|
10 Remote Sensing in Mineral Exploration |
|
|
353 | (20) |
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|
353 | (1) |
|
Exploration Applications of Alteration Mapping |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
Case History: Mapping the Grizzly Peak Caldera, Colorado |
|
|
353 | (4) |
|
Case History: The Missing Link--Alteration Associated with Gold Mineralization at Goldfield, Nevada |
|
|
357 | (4) |
|
Exploration Applications of Structure Mapping |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
Case History: Structure Mapping as a Guide to Porphyry Copper Deposits, Northeast China |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
Exploration Applications of Hyperspectral Mapping |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Case History: Exploration for Diamond-Bearing Kimberlites and Diatremes, Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming |
|
|
362 | (3) |
|
Case History: Mineral Exploration in Northern Chile |
|
|
365 | (5) |
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|
370 | (1) |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
Section III Exploitation, Hydrologic, and Engineering Remote Sensing |
|
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Exploitation Applications |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Engineering and Logistical Applications |
|
|
375 | (2) |
|
11 Remote Sensing in Resource Exploitation Projects |
|
|
377 | (24) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Choosing Infill and Stepout Well Locations |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Case History: Developing the Bravo Dome CO2 Field, New Mexico |
|
|
378 | (3) |
|
Case History: Developing a Fractured (Conventional) Reservoir, Austin Chalk, Texas |
|
|
381 | (6) |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Case History: Developing Coal Bed Methane, Piceance Basin, Colorado |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Secondary Recovery and Waterfloods |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Case History: Understanding a Waterflood at Cottonwood Creek Field |
|
|
|
|
390 | (3) |
|
Extending Known Mineral Deposits |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
Case History: Extending Known Deposits in the Huancavelica Mining District, Peru |
|
|
394 | (3) |
|
Slope Stability and Mine Safety |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (4) |
|
|
401 | (18) |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Locating Sources of Groundwater |
|
|
401 | (4) |
|
Soil Moisture Determination |
|
|
405 | (2) |
|
Surface Waters and Bathymetry |
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
Bathymetric Mapping and Ocean Floor Topography |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
|
411 | (2) |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
|
415 | (3) |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
13 Logistics and Engineering |
|
|
419 | (18) |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Generating Appropriate Base Maps |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
425 | (2) |
|
|
427 | (5) |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Case History: Site Selection for the Kakrapar Atomic Power Project, India |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
434 | (3) |
|
Section IV Environmental Remote Sensing |
|
|
|
14 Environmental Baselines and Monitoring |
|
|
437 | (48) |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Terrestrial Hydrocarbon Leaks and Spills |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
Surface Disturbance and Change Detection |
|
|
441 | (4) |
|
Case History: Using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to Monitor Surface Deformation over a Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage Project, Christina Lake, Alberta |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
446 | (3) |
|
Case History: Monitoring the Jharia Coal Fire, India |
|
|
449 | (2) |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Case History: Mine Reclamation in the Couer d'Alene Mining District, idaho |
|
|
451 | (5) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Case History: Acid Rock Drainage, Upper Arkansas River, Colorado |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
Case History: Monitoring Algal Blooms and Toxins, Nebraska |
|
|
459 | (4) |
|
|
463 | (3) |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Discharges, Spills, and Seeps |
|
|
467 | (2) |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Atmospheric and Air Pollution Monitoring |
|
|
470 | (3) |
|
Gas and Aerosol Detectors |
|
|
473 | (3) |
|
Satellite and Airborne Atmospheric Monitoring |
|
|
476 | (2) |
|
|
478 | (5) |
|
|
483 | (2) |
|
15 Geobotanical Remote Sensing |
|
|
485 | (18) |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
Geobotany and Geological Mapping |
|
|
486 | (5) |
|
Vegetation Suppression Techniques |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Botanical Indicators of Mineralization and Alteration |
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
Botanical Responses to Hydrocarbons |
|
|
494 | (5) |
|
Vegetation as a Groundwater/Geothermal Resource Indicator |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
500 | (2) |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
16 Environmental Hazards and Global Warming |
|
|
503 | (35) |
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
Monitoring the Effects of Global Warming |
|
|
505 | (3) |
|
Landslides and Avalanches |
|
|
508 | (5) |
|
|
513 | (3) |
|
|
516 | (4) |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
521 | (2) |
|
Case History: Monitoring Volcanic Unrest in Kenya |
|
|
523 | (2) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Case History: Subsidence over Abandoned Coal Mines, Colorado Springs, Colorado |
|
|
526 | (2) |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
Sea Ice and Sea Ice Scour |
|
|
530 | (2) |
|
Hydrates, Gas Vents, and Craters |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
533 | (3) |
|
|
536 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
17 Mapping Planetary Structure |
|
|
539 | (20) |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
|
539 | (6) |
|
|
545 | (3) |
|
|
548 | (7) |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
|
556 | (3) |
|
18 Mapping Planetary Stratigraphy |
|
|
559 | (20) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Eolian Erosion and Deposition |
|
|
559 | (3) |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
562 | (5) |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
569 | (3) |
|
Composition and Mineral Mapping |
|
|
572 | (5) |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
577 | (2) |
|
|
579 | (10) |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
579 | (3) |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
583 | (2) |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
|
585 | (4) |
|
Section VI Remote Sensing, Geoscience, and the Public |
|
|
|
20 Public Relations, the Media, and the Law |
|
|
589 | (8) |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
|
589 | (3) |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
Remote Sensing and the Law |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
594 | (2) |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
21 Geographic Information Systems and Online Remote Sensing Resources |
|
|
597 | (24) |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
Geographic Information Systems and Mapping |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
Case History: Mine Management Using a Geographic Information System |
|
|
598 | (2) |
|
Case History: Pipeline Routing Using Remote Sensing and a Geographie Information System |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
Online Resources for Remote Sensing |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
NASA Reverb (reverb.echo.nasa.gov) |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
Rapid Response (lance.nasa.gov/imagery/rapid-response/) |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
USGS EarthExplorer (earthexplorer.usgs.gov) |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
USGS GloVis (glovis.usgs.gov) |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
Geographic Information Systems |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
608 | (2) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
ESA BEAM (www.brockmann-consult.de/cms/web/beam) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
OpenTopography: Tutorial for a Web-Based Public Digital Topographic Data and Tools |
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
|
614 | (5) |
|
|
619 | (2) |
|
|
621 | (2) |
Index |
|
623 | |