Disclaimer |
|
xi | |
Acknowledgements |
|
xii | |
Preface |
|
xiii | |
Foreword |
|
xiv | |
|
PART I Introduction to Renewable Energy and Building Performance |
|
|
1 | (100) |
|
|
3 | (18) |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
4 | (3) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (3) |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
|
14 | (2) |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals... |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
2 Basic Concepts of Renewable Systems |
|
|
21 | (6) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
Grid-Tied Renewable Energy System |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
Grid-Tied Renewable Energy System with Battery Backup |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (2) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
3 Locating Renewable Resources |
|
|
27 | (12) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
General Climate and Renewable Resource Databases |
|
|
27 | (2) |
|
System Design Applications |
|
|
29 | (2) |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
Marine and Hydrokinetic Resource Data |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Distributed Energy -- Microgrid Design Tool |
|
|
34 | (3) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
4 Basic Concepts about Electricity |
|
|
39 | (6) |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
Series and Parallel Circuits |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
Voltage Design for On-Grid and Off-Grid Applications |
|
|
41 | (2) |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (18) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
|
48 | (4) |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
52 | (3) |
|
Tilt Angle and Insolation |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Determining Shading at a Site |
|
|
55 | (7) |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
63 | (12) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Psychrometric Chart and Comfort |
|
|
64 | (2) |
|
Heating and Cooling Degree Days |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
Passive and Passive-Active Design Strategies |
|
|
67 | (5) |
|
|
72 | (2) |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
7 Building Performance and Energy Efficiency |
|
|
75 | (14) |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
76 | (5) |
|
Energy Usage in Buildings vs. Renewable Energy Generation |
|
|
81 | (5) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (2) |
|
|
89 | (4) |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
89 | (2) |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
Accounting for Energy and Carbon |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
93 | (8) |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
Causes of Indoor Air Pollution |
|
|
93 | (5) |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
99 | (2) |
|
PART II Renewable Energy: Systems and Design |
|
|
101 | (112) |
|
|
103 | (8) |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
How Biomass Fits into Renewable Energy Resources |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
105 | (4) |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
|
109 | (2) |
|
|
111 | (8) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
111 | (2) |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
Performance Labeling of Heat Pumps |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
117 | (2) |
|
12 Solar Thermal Hot Water |
|
|
119 | (24) |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
What is Solar Thermal Hot Water? |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
Pool Solar Water Heaters (Unglazed Collectors) |
|
|
121 | (2) |
|
Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Collectors |
|
|
123 | (4) |
|
Other Collector Variations |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Considerations for Solar Thermal Design |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
Solar Thermal System Configurations |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
|
130 | (3) |
|
Tilt Angle and Sizing Considerations |
|
|
133 | (4) |
|
Collector and Piping Layouts |
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
Calculations: Sizing Components |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
|
141 | (2) |
|
|
143 | (24) |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
|
144 | (2) |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
146 | (2) |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
148 | (2) |
|
Building Integrated Photovoltaics |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
Orientation and Tilt Angle for Best Energy Production |
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
Effects of Shading on PV Modules |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
Steps for Sizing a PV System |
|
|
153 | (3) |
|
|
156 | (2) |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
|
158 | (2) |
|
Roof Coverage: Access and Management |
|
|
160 | (3) |
|
Putting the Whole Roof Plan Together |
|
|
163 | (2) |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
|
165 | (2) |
|
14 Racking for Solar Thermal and PV |
|
|
167 | (10) |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
Purpose of Racks and Standoffs |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
Appearance and Installation of Mounts |
|
|
168 | (3) |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
|
174 | (2) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
177 | (16) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
177 | (3) |
|
Categories and Types of Wind Turbines |
|
|
180 | (2) |
|
|
182 | (3) |
|
Characteristics of Wind and Good Siting |
|
|
185 | (3) |
|
|
188 | (2) |
|
Certifications and Associations |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
|
193 | (14) |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
The Importance of Consumption |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
Off-Grid Microhydro Systems |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
197 | (4) |
|
|
201 | (2) |
|
|
203 | (2) |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
17 Marine Renewable Energy |
|
|
207 | (6) |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
Creation of Tides, Currents, and Waves |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
Marine Renewable Energy Generation |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
Wave Energy Power and Categorization |
|
|
208 | (2) |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
|
211 | (2) |
|
PART III System Implementation, Monitoring, and Payback |
|
|
213 | (32) |
|
18 Batteries and Energy Storage |
|
|
215 | (10) |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
Types of Deep Cycle Rechargeable Batteries |
|
|
216 | (3) |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
DOD, Cycling, and Battery Life |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
223 | (2) |
|
19 Controllers and Monitors |
|
|
225 | (6) |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
Batteries Use Charge Controllers |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
Battery and System Meter/Monitor |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
227 | (2) |
|
|
229 | (2) |
|
|
231 | (4) |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Why Do You Need Backup Power? |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
What Building Functions Need Backup Power? |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
Sizing a Backup Generator to Charge Batteries |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
|
235 | (4) |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
Clients Want to Know about Their System |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
How to Include Incentives in your Payback Calculations |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
Lifetime Costs and Savings |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (6) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
RE Production vs. Continuous Power Needs |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
The Importance of Energy Efficiency |
|
|
241 | (2) |
|
Current Applications: AC vs. DC |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Charging EVs and Powering Buildings |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
243 | (2) |
|
|
245 | (72) |
|
|
247 | (2) |
|
23A Rocky Mountain Institute, Innovation Center |
|
|
249 | (8) |
|
Location and Use of the Building |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Benchmarks, Outcomes, and Challenges |
|
|
249 | (4) |
|
PV and Interactive Grid Battery System |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
253 | (2) |
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
23B City of Libby Microhydro PRV |
|
|
257 | (4) |
|
|
259 | (2) |
|
23C University of Hawaii FROGs Classrooms |
|
|
261 | (10) |
|
Building Envelope and Glazing |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
|
266 | (3) |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
|
269 | (2) |
|
|
271 | (8) |
|
|
275 | (4) |
|
|
279 | (38) |
|
Location and Use of the Building |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
Benchmarks, Outcomes, and Challenges |
|
|
279 | (2) |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
281 | (2) |
|
|
283 | (2) |
|
Appendix A Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations |
|
|
285 | (6) |
|
Appendix B Designing an RE System |
|
|
291 | (4) |
|
Planning for an RE System |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
What are Power Production and Storage Goals? |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
Appendix C Sizing a PV System |
|
|
295 | (6) |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Inverters and Power Optimizers |
|
|
296 | (2) |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
Fitting Modules to a Roof |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
299 | (2) |
|
Appendix D PV Wiring Workshop |
|
|
301 | (14) |
|
|
305 | (10) |
|
Appendix E Solar Thermal Sizing |
|
|
315 | (2) |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
Steps of Solar Thermal Design |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
Solar Thermal Example Problem |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
Index |
|
317 | |