List of figures and tables |
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xvi | |
About the editors |
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xix | |
Notes on the contributors |
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xx | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxv | |
List of abbreviations |
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xxvi | |
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1 | (2) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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What's new in the second edition? |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
Part I Introduction To Research Methods And Methodologies In Education |
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3 | (20) |
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2 The nature of educational research |
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5 | (10) |
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5 | (1) |
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Dimensions of difference: paradigms? |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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Reconciling the different views |
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7 | (1) |
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Different aims for educational research |
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8 | (1) |
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Other ways of classifying different types of educational research |
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9 | (1) |
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Characteristics of research |
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10 | (1) |
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How is educational research different from other kinds of research? |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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13 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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3 Finding your theoretical position |
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15 | (8) |
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15 | (1) |
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Ontology, epistemology, methodology and methods |
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15 | (2) |
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The nature of paradigms: making sense of reality |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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20 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (3) |
Part II Basic Principles And Practice In Conducting Research |
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23 | (46) |
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4 Design of empirical research |
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25 | (9) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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Varieties of research designs |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (2) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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32 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (10) |
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Why is planning important? |
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34 | (1) |
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Starting to plan early on |
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34 | (6) |
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Managing your time and resources |
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40 | (1) |
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The research proposal or plan |
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41 | (1) |
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Planning as an ongoing activity |
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42 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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42 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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6 Inference and interpretation in research |
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44 | (13) |
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44 | (1) |
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Confusion over 'validity' |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (5) |
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51 | (4) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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55 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (12) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (5) |
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64 | (1) |
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Ethical regulation and ethics committees |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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66 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
Part III Research Designs |
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69 | (112) |
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71 | (7) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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Example: Stress in the workplace |
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74 | (1) |
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The methodological approach |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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75 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (7) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (2) |
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Issues in naturalistic enquiry |
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80 | (1) |
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Methods of naturalistic enquiry |
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81 | (1) |
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Classic and exemplary cases |
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81 | (1) |
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Is there a future for naturalistic research? |
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82 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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82 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (7) |
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Definition and brief history |
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85 | (2) |
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Research question and paradigmatic location |
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87 | (1) |
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Methods, data collection and analysis |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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89 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (8) |
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92 | (1) |
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Mapping the terrain of visual methodologies |
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93 | (2) |
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Applying the methods: the Friday Absenteeism Project |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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97 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (14) |
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100 | (1) |
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(Re)interpretations of grounded theory |
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100 | (1) |
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Locating yourself as a grounded theorist |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (2) |
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The helix model: a framework for enquiry |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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The heart of the matter - coding |
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103 | (5) |
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Writing a grounded theory |
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108 | (1) |
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Criticisms of grounded theory |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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110 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (3) |
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114 | (8) |
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What is case study research? |
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114 | (1) |
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Types of case study and selection of cases |
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114 | (1) |
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Case study research and validity |
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115 | (1) |
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Example: Multiple case study of private school outreach in India |
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116 | (3) |
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Other examples of case study research |
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119 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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120 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (8) |
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122 | (1) |
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What is secondary data analysis? |
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122 | (1) |
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The promises of secondary data analysis |
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123 | (1) |
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Sources of secondary data |
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123 | (1) |
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The role of big data in education research |
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124 | (1) |
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Using secondary data to provide a context for small-scale research |
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125 | (1) |
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Using secondary data to monitor trends over time |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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128 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading and resources |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (8) |
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Longitudinal data and research designs |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Longitudinal research designs |
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131 | (3) |
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Applications of longitudinal research |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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136 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading and resources |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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16 Statistical and correlational techniques |
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138 | (7) |
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138 | (1) |
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Statistical and correlational research |
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138 | (1) |
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An example: Correlational research |
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139 | (4) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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143 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (8) |
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145 | (1) |
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Impact evaluation in education |
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145 | (2) |
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The 'Embedding ICT' impact evaluation |
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147 | (1) |
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Evaluation design, aims and methods |
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147 | (2) |
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Results of the evaluation |
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149 | (1) |
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Challenges for interpretation from the evaluation design |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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151 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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18 Interventions: experiments |
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153 | (6) |
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153 | (1) |
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The kinds of research questions which interventions seek to address |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
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Individual random assignment |
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156 | (1) |
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Clusters randomly assigned |
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156 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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157 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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19 Mixing methods in educational research |
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159 | (7) |
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159 | (1) |
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The nature of mixed-methods research |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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An example: The Learning Lives project |
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162 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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163 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (15) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (2) |
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Undertaking a systematic review |
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168 | (10) |
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178 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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178 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (2) |
Part IV Data Collection Tools |
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181 | (60) |
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183 | (7) |
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183 | (1) |
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Interviewing: It's more than questions and answers |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (1) |
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Challenges and dispositions |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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188 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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22 Focus groups and group interviews |
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190 | (7) |
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190 | (1) |
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Strengths and weaknesses of focus groups |
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190 | (1) |
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How to set up and run a focus group |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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195 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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23 Internet-based methods |
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197 | (10) |
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197 | (2) |
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Using online research methods to investigate learners' experiences |
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199 | (3) |
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Challenges in learner experience research |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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204 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (3) |
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24 Doing social media research |
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207 | (8) |
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207 | (1) |
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Big data and deep data: social media methods |
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208 | (1) |
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Social media places: a social media site as a space and a place |
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208 | (1) |
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Learners' use of social media spaces |
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208 | (1) |
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Social media, young people and ethical research |
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209 | (1) |
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Using Facebook to research first-year transition at a UK university |
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209 | (2) |
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Acknowledging and recording the temporal nature of social media |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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Developments in data capture: NCapture |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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212 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (8) |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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220 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (3) |
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223 | (11) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (2) |
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Conclusion and links to other methodology |
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231 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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232 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (2) |
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27 Measurement and validity |
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234 | (7) |
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234 | (1) |
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Approaches to collecting data |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (1) |
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Criterion-referenced vs. norm-referenced measurement |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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240 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
Part V Analysis Methods |
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241 | (117) |
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28 Using software in qualitative data analysis |
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243 | (9) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Setting up the project in NVivo |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (1) |
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Using Query with coded text and attributes |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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250 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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29 Statistical analysis tools |
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252 | (13) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (2) |
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Statistical analysis with Excel |
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254 | (2) |
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Statistical analysis with SPSS |
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256 | (3) |
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Statistical analysis in Stata |
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259 | (2) |
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Statistical analysis with MLwiN |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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263 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (12) |
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265 | (1) |
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Approaches to discourse analysis |
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266 | (5) |
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Discourse analysis and teacher language: data and analysis |
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271 | (3) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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274 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (3) |
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277 | (8) |
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277 | (1) |
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Conducting media analysis |
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278 | (4) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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283 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (9) |
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285 | (1) |
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The appeal of biographical research |
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286 | (1) |
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Conducting biographical research |
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287 | (1) |
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Analysing and writing up biographical research |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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291 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (2) |
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33 Statistical hypothesis tests |
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294 | (9) |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (2) |
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NHST: the wrong framework for educational research |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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Effect size estimation addresses the question of interest |
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298 | (1) |
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NHST lends itself to mistakes of interpretation |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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Effect sizes and research synthesis |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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301 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (2) |
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34 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) |
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303 | (14) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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Considerations in applying ANOVA |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (4) |
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308 | (1) |
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Robust analogues to ANOVA F-tests |
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309 | (3) |
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Assessing ANOVA results reported in empirical research |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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313 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (3) |
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35 Multiple linear regression |
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317 | (9) |
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317 | (1) |
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Correlation and simple regression |
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317 | (3) |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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Cautions and interpretations |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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324 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (13) |
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326 | (1) |
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An illustration of multilevel modelling via analyses of the data from a multi-site evaluation of the Transition Mathematics curriculum |
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327 | (7) |
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Additional applications and examples |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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336 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (2) |
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339 | (11) |
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339 | (1) |
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Why do we need 'effect size'? |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (2) |
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How can effect sizes be interpreted? |
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342 | (2) |
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What is the margin for error in estimating effect sizes? |
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344 | (1) |
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What other factors can influence effect size? |
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345 | (1) |
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Are there alternative measures of effect size? |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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347 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (2) |
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350 | (8) |
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350 | (1) |
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Why is meta-analysis necessary? |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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Procedures in meta-analysis |
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352 | (1) |
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Combining effect size estimates across studies |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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Fixed versus random effects |
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354 | (1) |
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Analysis of variance and regression analyses in meta-analysis |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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Questions for further investigation |
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356 | (1) |
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Suggested further reading |
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356 | (1) |
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|
357 | (1) |
Index |
|
358 | |