Preface |
|
xxiii | |
Caveat Lector |
|
xxiv | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xxv | |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Section A What is "Restitution," Anyway? |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Section B Some Legal History, and An Important Case |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
1 Restitution at Law: The Fictitious Promise |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
2 Restitution at Law: The Idea of Unjust Enrichment |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
(c) Following Property into Its Product |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
Section C A Little More Legal History |
|
|
8 | (3) |
|
|
11 | (48) |
|
Section A Direct Payments |
|
|
11 | (18) |
|
Pilot Life Ins. Co. v. Cudd |
|
|
11 | (5) |
|
|
16 | (3) |
|
Riegel v. American Life Ins. Co. |
|
|
|
Sears v. Grand Lodge AOUW |
|
|
|
New York Life v. Chittenden & Eastmen |
|
|
|
Grand Trunk Western R. Co. v. Lahiff |
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
Bank of Naperville v. Catalano |
|
|
20 | (2) |
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
|
|
Employers Ins. Of Wasau v. Titan Int'l |
|
|
|
Glover v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. |
|
|
24 | (3) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
R3RUE § 48 (Payment to defendant to which claimant has a better right) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
|
R3RUE § 5 (Invalidating mistake) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
R3RUE § 6 (Payment of money not due) |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
Section B Indirect Payments |
|
|
29 | (7) |
|
|
29 | (3) |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
Sykeston Township v. Wells County |
|
|
|
Upton-on-Severn RDC v. Powell |
|
|
|
Mistaken discharge of obligation or lien |
|
|
33 | (2) |
|
Ex Parte Amsouth Mortgage Company, Inc. |
|
|
|
Decatur Fed. Sav & Loan v. Gibson |
|
|
|
R3RUE § 8 (Mistaken discharge of obligation or lien) |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
Section C Benefits Other Than Money |
|
|
36 | (8) |
|
Michigan Central Railroad v. State of Indiana |
|
|
36 | (2) |
|
Continental Forest Products v. Chandler Supply Co. |
|
|
38 | (4) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
R3RUE § 7 (Mistaken performance of another's obligation) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
R3RUE S 9 (Benefits other than money) |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
Section D Mistaken Improvements |
|
|
44 | (9) |
|
|
44 | (3) |
|
|
47 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R3RUE § 10 (Mistaken improvements) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (2) |
|
|
53 | (6) |
|
|
53 | (2) |
|
Gratuitous unjust enrichment |
|
|
55 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lady Hood of Avalon v. Mackinnon |
|
|
|
Larisa's Home Care, LLC v. Nichols-Shields |
|
|
|
Chapter 3 Defective Consent |
|
|
59 | (48) |
|
Section A Fraud and Misrepresentation |
|
|
59 | (20) |
|
|
59 | (6) |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
|
Seneca Wire & Mfg Co. v. A.B. Leach & Co. |
|
|
|
|
66 | (5) |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
|
72 | (3) |
|
"Void or voidable" and the bona fide purchaser |
|
|
75 | (2) |
|
R3RUE § 13 (Fraud and misrepresentation) |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
77 | (2) |
|
|
79 | (17) |
|
|
79 | (4) |
|
|
83 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"Voluntary payment" and duress by civil litigation |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
85 | (2) |
|
Texas Association of Counties v. Matagorda County |
|
|
87 | (5) |
|
"Voluntary payment" and reservation of rights |
|
|
92 | (3) |
|
Still v. Equitable Life Assurance Soc'y |
|
|
|
R3RUE § 35 (Performance of disputed obligation) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
Section C Undue Influence |
|
|
96 | (6) |
|
|
96 | (4) |
|
The undue influence amalgam |
|
|
100 | (2) |
|
Roberts-Douglas v. Meares |
|
|
|
|
102 | (5) |
|
|
102 | (3) |
|
|
105 | (2) |
|
|
|
Johnson v. Northwestern Mut. Life Ins. Co. |
|
|
|
Chapter 4 Transfers Under Legal Compulsion |
|
|
107 | (14) |
|
Section A Judgment Subsequently Reversed |
|
|
107 | (4) |
|
|
107 | (4) |
|
Voluntary payment yet again |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Section B Restitution of Tax Payments |
|
|
111 | (10) |
|
Brookside Memorials, Inc. v. Barre City |
|
|
111 | (3) |
|
Notes on restitution of tax payments |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
George Moore Ice Cream Co. v. Rose |
|
|
|
Wayne County Produce Co. v. Duffy-Mott Co. |
|
|
116 | (5) |
|
|
|
Roxborough v. Rathmans of Pall Mall Australia Ltd |
|
|
|
|
|
Decorative Carpets, Inc. v. State Board of Equalization |
|
|
|
Chapter 5 Unrequested Intervention: Conferrings |
|
|
121 | (96) |
|
|
121 | (3) |
|
R3RUE § 2 (Limiting principles) |
|
|
121 | (3) |
|
|
|
Indiana Lumbermens Mut. Ins. Co. v. |
|
|
|
Reinsurance Results, Inc. |
|
|
|
Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co. v. Meyer |
|
|
|
|
124 | (11) |
|
|
124 | (4) |
|
Preservation of life and health |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
Confold Pacific, Inc. v. Polaris Indus., Inc. |
|
|
|
Meriter Hospital, Inc. v. Lester |
|
|
|
|
|
Quantum meruit and the "common counts" |
|
|
129 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
131 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
133 | (2) |
|
Section B Performance of Another's Duty |
|
|
135 | (8) |
|
|
135 | (3) |
|
Is defendant under a duty? |
|
|
138 | (5) |
|
|
|
Sommers v. Putnam County Bd of Educ. |
|
|
|
Hurdis Realty, Inc. v. Town of N. Providence |
|
|
|
Jersey Shore Medical Center v. Estate of Baum |
|
|
|
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont v. Lorrain |
|
|
|
St. Barnabas Medical Center v. County of Essex |
|
|
|
City of New York v. Keene Corp. |
|
|
|
Section C Indemnity and Contribution |
|
|
143 | (4) |
|
Yellow Cab of D.C., Inc. v. Dreslin |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
Obligations between joint obligors |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
R3RUE § 23 (Performance of a joint obligation (indemnity and contribution)) |
|
|
144 | (3) |
|
Western Steamship Lines, Inc. v. San Pedro |
|
|
|
|
|
City of New York v. Lead Industries Ass'n Sommer v. Federal Signal Corp. |
|
|
|
Restatement (3d) Torts (Apportionment of Liability) § 16 (Comment c) |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
Section D Equitable Subrogation |
|
|
147 | (19) |
|
American Nat'l Bank & Trust Co. v. |
|
|
|
|
147 | (5) |
|
Obligations between independent obligors |
|
|
152 | (2) |
|
R3RUE § 24 (Performance of an independent obligation (equitable subrogation)) |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
State Farm Fire & Casualty Co. v. East Bay |
|
|
|
|
154 | (4) |
|
|
158 | (2) |
|
Wilder Corp. of Delaware v. Thompson |
|
|
|
|
160 | (4) |
|
Subrogation: "equitable" or "conventional"? |
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
Section E Self-Interested Intervention |
|
|
166 | (16) |
|
|
166 | (2) |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
Hollifield v. Monte Vista Biblical Gardens, Inc. |
|
|
|
R3RUE § 26 (Protection of claimant's property) |
|
|
169 | (2) |
|
In re Montgomery's Estate |
|
|
|
|
171 | (6) |
|
Disappointed expectations; equitable liens |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
R3RUE § 27 (Claimant's expectation of ownership) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
Cox v. Wooten Brothers Farms, Inc. |
|
|
179 | (3) |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
Section F Former Cohabitants |
|
|
182 | (20) |
|
|
182 | (3) |
|
|
185 | (6) |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
Restatement of Restitution § 58 (1937) (Gifts made in reliance on a relation) |
|
|
192 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
194 | (4) |
|
Measuring enrichment between cohabitants |
|
|
198 | (2) |
|
|
|
R3RUE S 28 (Unmarried cohabitants) |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
202 | (15) |
|
|
202 | (5) |
|
The original case of "common fund" |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
207 | (3) |
|
Unrequested legal services |
|
|
210 | (2) |
|
Kamilewicz v. Bank of Boston Corp. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
212 | (2) |
|
Fees from subrogated insurers |
|
|
214 | (2) |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
Chapter 6 Failed Trades: Restitution and Contract |
|
|
217 | (90) |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
Section A Undoing or Correcting the Parties' Mistakes |
|
|
219 | (20) |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Yellow Diamonds, Fertile Cows |
|
|
219 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
222 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
Aldrich v. Travelers Ins. Co. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
225 | (3) |
|
The vanishing brokerage account |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
M.F. Kemper Construction Co. v. City of Los Angeles |
|
|
229 | (4) |
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
|
|
Amlie Strand Hardware Co. v. Moose |
|
|
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
Mutual Life Ins. Co. of Baltimore v. Metzger |
|
|
235 | (2) |
|
|
237 | (2) |
|
Travelers Ins. Co. v. Bailey |
|
|
|
Frederic E. Rose (London), Ltd. v. Wm. H. |
|
|
|
|
|
Prudential Ins. Co. of Amer. v. S.S. American Lancer |
|
|
|
Section B Restitution to a Performing Party with No Claim on the Contract |
|
|
239 | (33) |
|
(1) Unenforceable Contract |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (3) |
|
|
242 | (2) |
|
Unenforceable for "informality" |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (3) |
|
|
248 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
Keller v. Central Bank of Nigeria |
|
|
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
|
252 | (3) |
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
(3) Supervening Circumstances |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
|
259 | (3) |
|
Jacob & Youngs, Inc. v. Kent |
|
|
|
Matter of Buccini v. Patemo Constr. Co. |
|
|
|
Parker v. Arthur Murray, Inc. |
|
|
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
Vines v. Orchard Hills, Inc. |
|
|
264 | (4) |
|
Restitution or forfeiture |
|
|
268 | (3) |
|
|
|
Ruxley Electronics & Constr. Ltd. v. Forsyth |
|
|
|
R3RUE S 36 (Restitution to a party in default) |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
Section C Alternative Remedies for Breach of an Enforceable Contract |
|
|
272 | (26) |
|
(1) Rescission and Restitution for Breach |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Mobil Oil Exploration & Producing |
|
|
|
Southeast, Inc. v. United States |
|
|
272 | (3) |
|
Rescission as a remedy for breach of contract |
|
|
275 | (4) |
|
|
|
Bollenback v. Continental Casualty Co. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
(2) Performance-Based Damages |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
280 | (4) |
|
|
284 | (3) |
|
|
287 | (2) |
|
Glendale Federal Bank v. United States |
|
|
289 | (4) |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
Landmark Land Co. v. FDIC |
|
|
|
LaSalle Talman Bank v. United States |
|
|
|
L. Albert & Son v. Armstrong Rubber Co. |
|
|
|
Wellston Coal Co. v. Franklin Paper Co. |
|
|
|
R3RUE § 38 (Performance-based damages) |
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Section D Profitable Breach of Contract |
|
|
298 | (9) |
|
Y.J.D. Restaurant Supply Co. v. Dib |
|
|
298 | (2) |
|
Attorney-General v. Blake |
|
|
300 | (4) |
|
|
304 | (3) |
|
|
|
Peevyhouse v. Garland Coal 6 Mining Co. |
|
|
|
Acme Mills & Elevator Co. v. Johnson |
|
|
|
Chapter 7 Restitution for Wrongs |
|
|
307 | (68) |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
Section A Trespass and Conversion |
|
|
308 | (13) |
|
Edwards v. Lee's Administrator |
|
|
308 | (5) |
|
|
313 | (3) |
|
Don v. Trojan Constr. Co. |
|
|
|
Beck v. Northern Natural Gas Co. |
|
|
|
Frank v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. |
|
|
|
Olwell v. Nye & Nissen Co. |
|
|
316 | (3) |
|
|
319 | (2) |
|
Watson, Laidlaw & Co. v. Potts, Cassels & Williamson |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Section B Fraud and Misrepresentation |
|
|
321 | (8) |
|
|
321 | (3) |
|
Gains from misrepresentation |
|
|
324 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities fraud "disgorgement" |
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
SEC v. Manor Nursing Centers, Inc. |
|
|
|
|
|
Section C Infringement and the Like |
|
|
329 | (13) |
|
Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp. |
|
|
329 | (5) |
|
Attributable to the underlying wrong |
|
|
334 | (2) |
|
|
|
R3RUE § 51(4), (5) (disgorgement) |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
O'Brien v. Pabst Sales Co. |
|
|
337 | (4) |
|
Restitution and right of publicity |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Section D Fiduciary or Confidential Relation |
|
|
342 | (16) |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (2) |
|
|
344 | (7) |
|
|
351 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
|
|
Reading v. Attorney-General |
|
|
|
|
358 | (5) |
|
Marmo v. Tyson Fresh Meats, Inc. |
|
|
358 | (3) |
|
Wrongful interference, wrongful economy |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
R3RUE § 44(1) (Interference with other protected interests) |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Federal Sugar Refining Co. v. U.S. Sugar Equalization Board |
|
|
|
Section F Diversion of Property Rights at Death |
|
|
363 | (12) |
|
|
363 | (3) |
|
Murdering heirs, remaindermen, insurance beneficiaries |
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
Estate of Foleno v. Estate of Foleno Pope v. Garrett |
|
|
368 | (2) |
|
Non-homicidal interference |
|
|
370 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
372 | (3) |
|
|
375 | (86) |
|
Section A Restitution in Money: The Measure of Enrichment |
|
|
375 | (17) |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Unrequested benefits; splitting losses |
|
|
376 | (3) |
|
Campbell v. Tennessee Valley Authority |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fabian v. Wasatch Orchard Co. |
|
|
379 | (2) |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
R3RUE § 49 (Restitution in money; measures of enrichment) |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
R3RUE § 50 (Innocent recipient) |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
(2) Enrichment By Misconduct |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
|
385 | (2) |
|
America Online, Inc. v. National Health Care Discount, Inc. |
|
|
|
R3RUE § 51 (Enrichment by misconduct; disgorgement; accounting) |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
E.E. Bolles Wooden Ware Co. v. United States |
|
|
388 | (3) |
|
Innocent converters v. thieves |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Silsbury & Calkins v. McCoon & Sherman |
|
|
|
Section B Asset-Based Restitution; Following Property into Its Product |
|
|
392 | (40) |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
392 | (3) |
|
|
395 | (3) |
|
What is a constructive trust? |
|
|
398 | (3) |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints v. Jolley |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
403 | (3) |
|
No identification --- no lien |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
Fur & Wool Trading Co. v. Fox, Inc. Francis v. Evans |
|
|
|
R3RUE § 58, Comment b (rationale of tracing rules) |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
|
411 | (3) |
|
Equitable lien and exempt property |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Equity Savings & Loan Association v. Chicago Title Insurance Co. |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Tracing into discharge of a lien |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
(4) More Problems of Following or Tracing |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
418 | (2) |
|
Limits to profitable recovery |
|
|
420 | (2) |
|
|
422 | (4) |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
People v. $35,315.00 United States Currency |
|
|
427 | (3) |
|
Everything stems from something |
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
United States v. Betancourt |
|
|
|
United States v. $465,789.31 Seized From |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Section C Commingled Fund |
|
|
432 | (29) |
|
In re Hallett's Estate (Knatchbull v. Hallett) |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Notes on commingled funds |
|
|
433 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
437 | (6) |
|
Commingled funds of multiple victims |
|
|
443 | (3) |
|
|
|
In re Walter J. Schmidt & Co. |
|
|
|
|
446 | (4) |
|
|
450 | (2) |
|
|
452 | (3) |
|
Following property or comparative fault? |
|
|
455 | (2) |
|
United States v. Central Nat'l Bank of Cleveland SEC v. Elliott |
|
|
|
R3RUE § 59(2), (4) (tracing into or through a commingled fund) |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
458 | (3) |
|
|
461 | (50) |
|
Section A Change of Position |
|
|
461 | (6) |
|
Painewebber, Inc. v. Levy |
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
|
463 | (2) |
|
Wachovia Bank of S.C. v. Thomasko |
|
|
|
Bank of New York v. Thomas W. Simmons & Co. |
|
|
|
R3RUE § 52 (Responsibility for enrichment) |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
R3RUE § 65 (Change of Position) |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Section B Bona Fide Purchase |
|
|
467 | (6) |
|
R3RUE § 66 (Bona fide purchaser) |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Bona fide purchase: a crib sheet |
|
|
468 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Section C Creditor/Payees |
|
|
473 | (16) |
|
|
473 | (4) |
|
Change of position, antecedent debt, and "discharge for value" |
|
|
477 | (5) |
|
Banque Worms v. BankAmerica International Buller v. Harrison |
|
|
|
|
482 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
Gaffner v. American Finance Co. |
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
Victim v. victim; taxes; racehorses |
|
|
486 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
Transamerica Insurance Co. v. Long |
|
|
|
|
|
Section D Equitable Disqualification (Unclean Hands) |
|
|
489 | (9) |
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
Producers Lumber & Supply Co. v. Olney |
|
|
|
|
491 | (6) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Section E Limitation of Actions |
|
|
498 | (8) |
|
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. v. Bank One, Waukesha |
|
|
498 | (4) |
|
|
502 | (4) |
|
Further notes on limitations and laches |
|
|
|
Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. |
|
|
|
Section F "Payable in Point of Honor and Honesty" |
|
|
506 | (5) |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
"Absence of enrichment" as an affirmative defense? |
|
|
507 | (4) |
|
Atlantic Coast Line R. Co. v. State of Florida Buel v. Boughton |
|
|
|
|
511 | (52) |
|
Section A Claimant v. Creditor in Insolvency |
|
|
511 | (17) |
|
|
511 | (2) |
|
Every honorable businessman? |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
Atlas, Inc. v. United States |
|
|
|
|
516 | (4) |
|
|
520 | (3) |
|
Harney v. First Nat'l Bank of Jersey City Reed's Appeal Restitution in bankruptcy |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
Bankruptcy Code § 541 (Property of The Estate) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
Bankruptcy Code § 544 (Trustee As Lien Creditor) |
|
|
525 | (3) |
|
Zartman v. First Nat'l Bank of Waterloo Ryder v. Ryder |
|
|
|
Section B Displacement by Statute: Bankruptcy Code |
|
|
528 | (12) |
|
XL/Datacomp, Inc. v. Wilson (In re Omegas Group, Inc.) |
|
|
528 | (4) |
|
|
532 | (7) |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
Section C Displacement by Statute: Uniform Commercial Code |
|
|
540 | (23) |
|
|
540 | (2) |
|
|
|
French Lumber Co. v. Commercial Realty & Finance Co. |
|
|
542 | (3) |
|
Knox v. Phoenix Leasing Inc. |
|
|
545 | (5) |
|
Displacement by balancing |
|
|
550 | (4) |
|
Feresi v. The Livery, LLC |
|
|
|
In re Motors Liquidation Co. |
|
|
554 | (5) |
|
|
559 | (4) |
Table of Cases |
|
563 | (4) |
Index |
|
567 | |