Preface |
|
xi | |
Author |
|
xiii | |
Acronyms |
|
xv | |
Chapter 1 Introduction |
|
1 | (4) |
|
Why a Book about Reverse Osmosis? |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
|
3 | (2) |
Chapter 2 Reverse Osmosis: The Nuts and Bolts |
|
5 | (20) |
|
Essential and Practical Details |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
5 | (7) |
|
Miscibility and Solubility |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Suspension, Sediment, Biosolids, and Particles |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
Concentrate, Reject, Retentate, Brine, or Residual Stream |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
Specific Flux (Permeability) |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
Concentration Polarization |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
Langelier Saturation Index |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
Basic Terms and Definitions |
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
|
14 | (2) |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
16 | (6) |
|
Basic Solution Calculations |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
References and Recommended Reading |
|
|
22 | (3) |
Chapter 3 Reverse Osmosis and Filtration Spectrum |
|
25 | (8) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (5) |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
References and Recommended Reading |
|
|
31 | (2) |
Chapter 4 Reverse Osmosis Equipment and System Configuration |
|
33 | (10) |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
34 | (5) |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
|
35 | (2) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (2) |
|
References and Recommended Reading |
|
|
41 | (2) |
Chapter 5 Water Contaminants |
|
43 | (36) |
|
Are We to Wait Until All Frogs "Croak"? |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
44 | (7) |
|
A Recent Rabbit and Grasshopper Conversation |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
Important Properties of Water |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
Phase Transitions of Water |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
Microbiology: What Is It? |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
Water and Wastewater Microorganisms |
|
|
52 | (2) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
Microorganism Classification and Differentiation |
|
|
54 | (23) |
|
|
54 | (2) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (2) |
|
|
59 | (3) |
|
|
62 | (13) |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
References and Recommended Reading |
|
|
77 | (2) |
Chapter 6 Water Quality Standards |
|
79 | (6) |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (2) |
|
References and Recommended Reading |
|
|
82 | (3) |
Chapter 7 Conventional Water and Wastewater Treatment |
|
85 | (124) |
|
|
86 | (3) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
From Pump Handle Removal to Water Treatment (Disinfection) |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
Conventional Water Treatment |
|
|
89 | (30) |
|
Purpose of Water Treatment |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
Stages of Water Treatment |
|
|
90 | (29) |
|
|
119 | (5) |
|
Wastewater Treatment Process Model |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
Wastewater Terminology and Definitions |
|
|
120 | (4) |
|
Measuring Wastewater Plant Performance |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
Wastewater Sources and Characteristics |
|
|
124 | (6) |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
Wastewater Characteristics |
|
|
126 | (4) |
|
Wastewater Collection Systems |
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
Gravity Collection System |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
Force Main Collection System |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
Preliminary Wastewater Treatment |
|
|
132 | (4) |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
Primary Wastewater Treatment (Sedimentation) |
|
|
136 | (3) |
|
Overview of Primary Treatment |
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
Secondary Wastewater Treatment |
|
|
139 | (21) |
|
|
140 | (14) |
|
|
154 | (4) |
|
Rotating Biological Contactors |
|
|
158 | (2) |
|
|
160 | (12) |
|
Activated Sludge Terminology |
|
|
161 | (3) |
|
Activated Sludge Process Equipment |
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
Overview of Activated Sludge Process |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
|
166 | (3) |
|
Activated Sludge Process Control Parameters |
|
|
169 | (3) |
|
Disinfection of Wastewater |
|
|
172 | (5) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
|
174 | (2) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
Advanced Wastewater Treatment |
|
|
177 | (7) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Biological Denitrification |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
Biological Nutrient Removal |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
Enhanced Biological Nutrient Removal |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
Solids (Sludge/Biosolids) Handling |
|
|
184 | (17) |
|
Background Information on Sludge/Biosolids |
|
|
185 | (4) |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
Other Sludge Stabilization Processes |
|
|
192 | (6) |
|
|
198 | (3) |
|
Land Application of Biosolids |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
References and Recommended Reading |
|
|
201 | (8) |
Chapter 8 RO Applications and Concentrate Disposal |
|
209 | (72) |
|
|
209 | (3) |
|
Drinking Water Purification |
|
|
212 | (4) |
|
|
216 | (2) |
|
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products |
|
|
218 | (8) |
|
Pharmaceuticals in the Environment |
|
|
220 | (3) |
|
PPCPs and Wastewater Treatment Plants |
|
|
223 | (3) |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
Wastewater Reuse: Toilet to Tap |
|
|
226 | (11) |
|
|
227 | (5) |
|
|
232 | (3) |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
Replacing the Yuck Factor |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
Miscellaneous RO Applications |
|
|
238 | (2) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
Water-Fed Pole Window Washing |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
Membrane Concentrate Disposal |
|
|
240 | (25) |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
Surface Water and Sewer Disposal |
|
|
241 | (2) |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Evaporation Pond Disposal |
|
|
244 | (8) |
|
Spray Irrigation Disposal |
|
|
252 | (6) |
|
Zero Liquid Discharge Disposal |
|
|
258 | (7) |
|
References and Recommended Reading |
|
|
265 | (16) |
Glossary |
|
281 | (14) |
Index |
|
295 | |