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1 | (8) |
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1.1 Nature of Speech Signal |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 Linear Model of Speech Signal |
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4 | (5) |
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2 Overview of Standard Methods |
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9 | (20) |
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2.1 Autocorrelation Method |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (3) |
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2.3 Forward and Backward Prediction |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (2) |
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2.5 Method of Minimization of Forward Prediction Error |
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19 | (1) |
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2.6 Method of Minimization of Backward Prediction Error |
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19 | (1) |
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2.7 Method of Geometric Mean |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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2.10 Method of Harmonic Mean |
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21 | (1) |
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2.11 Lattice-Covariant LP Method |
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22 | (3) |
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2.12 Basic Properties of Partial Correlation Coefficient |
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25 | (1) |
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2.13 Equivalence of Discrete Model and Linear Prediction Model |
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25 | (1) |
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2.14 Speech Synthesis Based on Linear Prediction Model |
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26 | (3) |
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3 Fundamentals of Robust Parameter Estimation |
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29 | (66) |
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3.1 Principles of Robust Parameter Estimation |
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29 | (6) |
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3.2 Robust Estimation of Signal Amplitude |
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35 | (5) |
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3.3 Fundamentals of Minimax Robust Estimation of Signal Amplitude |
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40 | (4) |
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3.4 Recursive Minimax Robust Algorithms for Signal Amplitude Estimation |
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44 | (7) |
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3.5 Statistical Models of Perturbations and Examples of Minimax Robust Estimator |
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51 | (10) |
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3.6 Practical Aspects of Implementation of Robust Estimators |
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61 | (4) |
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3.7 Robust Estimation of Parameters of Autoregressive Dynamic Signal Models |
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65 | (4) |
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3.8 Non-recursive Minimax Robust Estimation Algorithms |
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69 | (6) |
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3.9 Recursive Minimax Robust Estimation Algorithm |
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75 | (5) |
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3.10 Fundamentals of Robust Identification of Speech Signal Model |
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80 | (15) |
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Appendix 1 Analysis of Asymptotic Properties of Non-recursive Minimax Robust Estimation of Signal Amplitude |
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84 | (4) |
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Appendix 2 Analysis of Asymptotic Properties of Recursive Minimax Robust Estimation of Signal Amplitude |
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88 | (7) |
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4 Robust Non-recursive AR Analysis of Speech Signal |
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95 | (30) |
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4.1 Robust Estimations of Parameters of Linear Regression Model |
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96 | (3) |
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4.2 Non-recursive Robust Estimation Procedure: RBLP Method |
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99 | (6) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (3) |
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4.2.3 Weighted Least Squares Algorithm |
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104 | (1) |
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4.3 Comparison of Robust and Non-robust Estimation Algorithms |
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105 | (6) |
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4.3.1 Analysis of the Estimation Error Variance |
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106 | (4) |
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4.3.2 Analysis of Estimation Shift |
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110 | (1) |
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4.4 Characteristics of M-Robust Estimation Procedure |
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111 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Computational Complexity |
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112 | (1) |
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4.5 Experimental Analysis |
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113 | (10) |
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4.5.1 Test Signals Obtained by Filtering Train of Dirac Pulses |
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113 | (3) |
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4.5.2 Test Signals Obtained by Filtering of Glottal Excitation |
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116 | (3) |
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4.5.3 Natural Speech Signal |
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119 | (4) |
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4.6 Discussion and Conclusion |
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123 | (2) |
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5 Robust Recursive AR Analysis of Speech Signal |
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125 | (30) |
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5.1 Linear Regression Model for Recursive Parameter Estimation |
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126 | (1) |
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5.2 Application of M-Estimation Robust Procedure: RRLS Method |
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127 | (2) |
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5.3 Robust Recursive Least-Squares Algorithm |
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129 | (3) |
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5.4 Adaptive Robust Recursive Estimation Algorithm |
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132 | (1) |
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5.5 Determination of Variable Forgetting Factor |
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133 | (3) |
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5.5.1 Approach Based on Discrimination Function |
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133 | (2) |
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5.5.2 Approach Based on Generalized Prediction Error |
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135 | (1) |
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5.6 Experimental Analysis on Test Sinusoids |
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136 | (9) |
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5.6.1 Testing with Fixed Forgetting Factor |
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137 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Testing with Variable Forgetting Factor |
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137 | (6) |
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5.6.3 Testing with Contaminated Additive Gaussian Noise |
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143 | (2) |
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5.7 Experimental Analysis of Speech Signals |
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145 | (8) |
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5.7.1 Test Signals Obtained by Filtering a Train of Dirac Pulses |
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146 | (1) |
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5.7.2 Test Signals Obtained by Filtering Glottal Excitation |
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147 | (2) |
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5.7.3 Natural Speech Signal |
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149 | (4) |
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5.8 Discussion and Conclusion |
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153 | (2) |
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6 Robust Estimation Based on Pattern Recognition |
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155 | (30) |
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6.1 Unsupervised Learning |
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156 | (7) |
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6.1.1 General Clustering Algorithms |
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157 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Frame-Based Methods |
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158 | (3) |
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6.1.3 Quadratic Classifier with Sliding Training Set |
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161 | (2) |
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6.2 Recursive Procedure Based on Pattern Recognition |
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163 | (7) |
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6.3 Application of Bhattacharyya Distance |
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170 | (4) |
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6.3.1 Bhattacharyya Distance |
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172 | (2) |
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6.4 Experimental Analysis |
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174 | (9) |
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174 | (3) |
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6.4.2 Indirect Evaluation |
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177 | (6) |
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183 | (2) |
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7 Applications of Robust Estimators in Speech Signal Processing |
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185 | (28) |
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7.1 Segmentation of Speech Signal |
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186 | (9) |
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7.1.1 Basics of Modified Generalized Maximum Likelihood Algorithm |
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187 | (3) |
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7.1.2 Robust Discriminant Function |
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190 | (1) |
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7.1.3 Tests with Real Speech Signal |
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191 | (1) |
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7.1.4 Appendix 4: Robust MGLR Algorithm (RMGLR) |
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191 | (4) |
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7.2 Separation of Formant Trajectories |
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195 | (5) |
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7.2.1 Experimental Analysis |
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197 | (3) |
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7.3 CELP Coder of Speech Signal |
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200 | (13) |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (3) |
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7.3.3 Linear Prediction Methods with Sample Selection |
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206 | (1) |
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7.3.4 Experimental Analysis |
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207 | (6) |
References |
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213 | (8) |
Index |
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221 | |