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1 Introduction to Rubber Science |
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1 | (18) |
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1 | (7) |
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1.1.1 Materials and Matters |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1.2 Materials Have Afforded the Grouping of the History of Us |
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2 | (2) |
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1.1.3 Science on Rubbery and Elastomeric Materials |
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4 | (4) |
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1.2 Natural Rubber: A Unique Biopolymer |
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8 | (2) |
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1.2.1 Characteristics of Natural Rubber |
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8 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Synthetic Natural Rubber? |
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9 | (1) |
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1.3 Rubber and Elastomer as Amorphous Polymers |
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10 | (9) |
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10 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Glass Transition Temperature |
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11 | (1) |
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1.3.3 The Age of Soft Materials and Soft Technology |
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11 | (3) |
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Remark 1 The Properties of Commercialized Rubbers |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (4) |
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2 Basic Science of Rubber |
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19 | (36) |
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2.1 Chemistry I: Polymerization, Polymer Reaction, and In Situ Chemical Reaction |
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19 | (7) |
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2.1.1 Polymerization: Synthetic Rubbers |
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19 | (4) |
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2.1.2 Polymer Reaction: Chemical Modification of Rubber and Elastomer |
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23 | (1) |
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2.1.3 In Situ Chemical Reaction of Rubber |
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24 | (2) |
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2.2 Chemistry B: Cross-Linking Reaction |
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26 | (8) |
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2.2.1 Invention and Development of Vulcanization |
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26 | (3) |
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2.2.2 Organic Accelerator System for Vulcanization |
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29 | (3) |
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2.2.3 Cross-Linking Reactions by Peroxides and Others |
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32 | (2) |
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2.3 Physics: Rubber State and Rubber Elasticity |
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34 | (21) |
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34 | (4) |
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2.3.2 Rubber Elasticity (Entropic Elasticity) |
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38 | (5) |
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2.3.3 Unique Role of Rubber in Elucidating the Nature of Macromolecule |
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43 | (2) |
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2.3.4 Contribution of Rubber Elasticity Theory to Establishing Macromolecular Science |
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45 | (3) |
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Remark 2 Goodyear and Oenslager |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (5) |
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3 Materials Science of Rubber |
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55 | (70) |
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3.1 Beginning and Development of Materials Science |
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55 | (2) |
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3.2 Physical Properties of Materials |
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57 | (28) |
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3.2.1 Mechanical Properties |
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57 | (8) |
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65 | (5) |
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3.2.3 Electrical Property |
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70 | (6) |
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76 | (9) |
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3.3 Development of Highly Functional Elastomeric Devices |
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85 | (7) |
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3.3.1 High Functionality of Rubber and Elastomer |
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85 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Bioactive Elastomers |
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87 | (3) |
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3.3.3 Elastomers for Lithium-Ion Conduction and the Secondary Battery |
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90 | (2) |
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3.4 Crystallization of Natural Rubber |
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92 | (15) |
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3.4.1 Molecular Background and Analysis of Crystal Structure |
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92 | (3) |
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3.4.2 Strain-Induced Crystallization: Template Crystallization |
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95 | (8) |
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3.4.3 Low-Temperature Crystallization |
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103 | (4) |
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3.5 Reactive Processing of Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers |
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107 | (18) |
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3.5.1 Chemical Cross-Linking and Physical Cross-Linking |
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107 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Rubber Processing from a Chemical Standpoint |
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108 | (4) |
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3.5.3 Thermoplastic Elastomer: Elastomer Without Vulcanization? |
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112 | (2) |
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3.5.4 Dynamic Vulcanizate: Thermoplastic Even with Cross-Linking? |
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114 | (2) |
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Remark 3 Is Silicone Rubber Inorganic? and Is Fluoro Rubber Organic? |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (8) |
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4 Recent Development of Rubber Science |
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125 | (30) |
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4.1 Reinforcing Nanofillers and Their Aggregation |
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125 | (11) |
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4.1.1 Rubber/Nanofiller Composite |
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125 | (2) |
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4.1.2 Experimental of Three-Dimensional Transmission Electron Microscopy |
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127 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Elucidation of Nanofiller Network Structure in Rubber Matrix |
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128 | (6) |
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4.1.4 Mechanism of Rubber Reinforcement by Nanofillers |
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134 | (2) |
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4.2 Rubber Network Structure Evaluated by Scattering and Spectroscopic Methods |
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136 | (9) |
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4.2.1 Vulcanization and Heterogeneity of Rubber Networks: Small-Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scatterings |
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136 | (6) |
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4.2.2 Characterization of Cross-Linked Structure by Spectroscopy |
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142 | (3) |
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4.3 New Development in Vulcanization Reaction |
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145 | (10) |
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4.3.1 A New Reactive Intermediate of the Vulcanization Reaction |
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145 | (3) |
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4.3.2 New Paradigm of Vulcanization in the Twenty-First Century? |
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148 | (4) |
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152 | (3) |
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5 Pneumatic Tire Technology |
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155 | (38) |
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5.1 History of Tire Technology |
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155 | (9) |
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5.1.1 Invention of Wheel and Development of Rubber Tire |
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155 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Invention of Pneumatic Tire and Its Development |
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156 | (5) |
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5.1.3 Technological Innovation of Pneumatic Tire |
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161 | (3) |
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5.2 Function of Pneumatic Tire |
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164 | (4) |
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5.2.1 Four Functions of Tire |
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164 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Elements in Designing Pneumatic Tire |
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166 | (2) |
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5.3 Engineering Design of Pneumatic Tire |
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168 | (7) |
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5.3.1 Shape Design of Tire |
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168 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Structural Design of Tire |
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170 | (2) |
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5.3.3 Design of Tread Pattern |
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172 | (3) |
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5.4 Material Design of Pneumatic Tire |
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175 | (6) |
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175 | (3) |
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5.4.2 Viscoelastic Behaviors by Rubber Blending and by the End---Groups of Rubber Chains |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (2) |
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5.5 Future of Automobile Tires |
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181 | (12) |
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5.5.1 Social and Technical Environments Around Tire |
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181 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Tire Technology in the Twenty-First Century |
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182 | (6) |
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Remark 4 Seismic Isolation Device Using Rubber |
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188 | (2) |
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190 | (3) |
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6 Rubber Science and Technics Toward the Next Century: A Prospective View |
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193 | (14) |
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6.1 Sustainability and Rubber |
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193 | (3) |
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6.2 Automobiles and Transportation-Network Society |
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196 | (3) |
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6.3 Rubber Science and Rubber Technics of the Next Generation? |
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199 | (8) |
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Remark 5 Nobel Prize: The Good and Bad Sides |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (4) |
| Appendix |
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207 | (8) |
| Index |
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215 | |
