| Acknowledgments |
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| Preface |
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1 Curious Facts about Rubies & Sapphires |
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11 | |
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2 Curious Facts about Emerald & Other Beryls |
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15 | |
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16 | |
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19 | |
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Major Sources of Rubies, Sapphires & Emeralds |
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19 | |
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Emerald Sources (Former and Current) |
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22 | |
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Ruby Sources (Former and Current) |
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24 | |
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Sapphire Sources (Former and Current) |
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26 | |
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How Geographic Origin Affects Price |
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30 | |
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Ruby, Sapphire & Emerald Price Factors |
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34 | |
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35 | |
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Effect of Carat Weight on Price |
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36 | |
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37 | |
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37 | |
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41 | |
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43 | |
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43 | |
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How Shape & Cutting Style Affect Price |
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51 | |
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53 | |
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Evaluating the Color of Rubies and other Gems |
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55 | |
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A Thai Approach to Color Communication |
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57 | |
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59 | |
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60 | |
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Grading Color in Rubies Versus Diamonds |
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62 | |
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63 | |
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66 | |
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8 Judging Sapphire Colors |
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68 | |
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69 | |
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70 | |
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70 | |
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72 | |
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73 | |
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Purple and color change sapphire |
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73 | |
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75 | |
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76 | |
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76 | |
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9 Judging Clarity & Transparency |
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76 | |
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Natural Ruby, Sapphire and Emerald Inclusions |
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78 | |
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83 | |
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How Lighting Can Affect Your Perception of Clarity |
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84 | |
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Tips on Judging Clarity and Transparency |
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86 | |
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89 | |
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Colored Stone Clarity Grading Systems |
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91 | |
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AGL Clarity and Texture Grades |
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94 | |
| 10 Judging Cut |
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101 | |
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101 | |
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104 | |
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108 | |
| 11 Ruby & Sapphire Treatments |
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109 | |
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Heat Treatment (Thermal Enhancement) |
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110 | |
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Fracture (Fissure) & Cavity Filling |
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112 | |
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Cavity Filling With Glass or Varnish (Surface Repair) |
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114 | |
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Flux Treatment (Flux Fracture Healing) |
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114 | |
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115 | |
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"Oiling" (Oil/Wax/Epoxy Fracture Filling) and Dyeing |
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118 | |
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120 | |
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Diffusion of Foreign Coloring Elements |
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120 | |
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Color Diffusion Extending Just Below the Surface |
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122 | |
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123 | |
| 12 Emerald Treatments |
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129 | |
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Detecting and Identifying Emerald Fillings |
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130 | |
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Tips on Buying Treated Emeralds |
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132 | |
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Effect of Fracture Filling on Price |
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136 | |
| 13 Appraisals versus Lab Reports |
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137 | |
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Benefits of Ruby, Sapphire & Emerald Reports from Major Labs |
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138 | |
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Major Ruby, Sapphire & Emerald Labs |
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138 | |
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Benefits of Appraisers and Appraisals |
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139 | |
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Choosing a Competent Appraiser |
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141 | |
| 14 Imitation or Real? |
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145 | |
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Tests a Lay Person Can Do |
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145 | |
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Other Ways of Identifying Rubies, Sapphire & Emeralds |
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151 | |
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153 | |
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Composite Stones (Assembled Stones) |
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154 | |
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157 | |
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158 | |
| 15 Synthetic or Natural? |
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159 | |
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Types of Synthetic Emerald |
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159 | |
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Types of Synthetic Ruby and Sapphire |
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160 | |
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161 | |
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Tests for Detecting Synthetic Ruby and Sapphire |
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162 | |
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Tests for Detecting Synthetic Emerald |
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165 | |
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Other Tests for Detecting Synthetic Emerald, Ruby and Sapphire |
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168 | |
| 16 Star Rubies & Sapphires |
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170 | |
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172 | |
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Genuine and Natural or Not? |
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174 | |
| 17 Caring for Ruby, Sapphire & Emerald Jewelry |
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176 | |
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177 | |
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Options for People Who Want an Emerald Engagement Ring |
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178 | |
| Appendix |
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179 | |
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Chemical, Physical & Optical Characteristics of Corundum |
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179 | |
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Chemical, Physical & Optical Characteristics of Emeralds |
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180 | |
| Bibliography |
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182 | |
| Index |
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185 | |
