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Satellite Technology: Principles and Applications 3rd edition [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 848 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 252x178x43 mm, kaal: 1424 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-May-2014
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1118636473
  • ISBN-13: 9781118636473
Teised raamatud teemal:
Satellite Technology: Principles and Applications 3rd editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 848 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 252x178x43 mm, kaal: 1424 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-May-2014
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1118636473
  • ISBN-13: 9781118636473
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781118636473.html
Märksõnad:
Fully updated edition of the comprehensive, single-source reference on satellite technology and its applications

Covering both the technology and its applications, Satellite Technology is a concise reference on satellites for commercial, scientific and military purposes. The book explains satellite technology fully, beginning by offering an introduction to the fundamentals, before covering orbits and trajectories, launch and in-orbit operations, hardware, communication techniques, multiple access techniques, and link design fundamentals. This new edition also includes comprehensive chapters on Satellite Networks and Satellite Technology Emerging Trends. Providing a complete survey of applications, from remote sensing and military uses, to navigational and scientific applications, the authors also present an inclusive compendium on satellites and satellite launch vehicles. Filled with diagrams and illustrations, this book serves as an ideal introduction for those new to the topic, as well as a reference point for professionals.





Fully updated edition of the comprehensive, single-source reference on satellite technology and its applications - remote sensing, weather, navigation, scientific, and military - including new chapters on Satellite Networks and Satellite Technology Emerging Trends Covers the full range of satellite applications in remote sensing, meteorology, the military, navigation and science, and communications, including satellite-to-under sea communication, satellite cell-phones, and global Xpress system of INMARSAT The cross-disciplinary coverage makes the book an essential reference book for professionals, R&D scientists and students at post graduate level Companion website provides a complete compendium on satellites and satellite launch vehicles

An ideal introduction for Professionals and R&D scientists in the field. Engineering Students. Cross disciplinary information for engineers and technical managers.
Preface xxi
PART I SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY
1 Introduction to Satellites and their Applications
3(34)
1.1 Ever-expanding Application Spectrum
3(1)
1.2 What is a Satellite?
4(3)
1.3 History of the Evolution of Satellites
7(20)
1.3.1 Era of Hot Air Balloons and Sounding Rockets
1(7)
1.3.2 Launch of Early Artificial Satellites
8(2)
1.3.3 Satellites for Communications, Meteorology and Scientific Exploration -- Early Developments
10(1)
1.3.4 Non-geosynchronous Communication Satellites: Telstar and Relay Programmes
11(1)
1.3.5 Emergence of Geosynchronous Communication Satellites
12(3)
1.3.6 International Communication Satellite Systems
15(1)
1.3.7 Domestic Communication Satellite Systems
16(3)
1.3.8 Satellites for other Applications also made Rapid Progress
19(3)
1.3.9 Small or Miniature Satellites
22(5)
1.4 Evolution of Launch Vehicles
27(6)
1.5 Future Trends
33(4)
1.5.1 Communication Satellites
33(1)
1.5.2 Weather Forecasting Satellites
33(1)
1.5.5 Earth Observation Satellites
33(1)
1.5.4 Navigational Satellites
34(1)
1.5.5 Military Satellites
35(1)
Further Reading
35(1)
Glossary
35(2)
2 Satellite Orbits and Trajectories
37(42)
2.1 Definition of an Orbit and a Trajectory
37(1)
2.2 Orbiting Satellites -- Basic Principles
37(7)
2.2.1 Newton's Law of Gravitation
39(1)
2.2.2 Newton's Second Law of Motion
40(1)
2.2.3 Kepler's Laws
41(3)
2.3 Orbital Parameters
44(17)
2.4 Injection Velocity and Resulting Satellite Trajectories
61(6)
2.5 Types of Satellite Orbits
67(12)
2.5.1 Orientation of the Orbital Plane
67(1)
2.5.2 Eccentricity of the Orbit
68(2)
2.5.3 Distance from Earth
70(3)
2.5.4 Sun-synchronous Orbit
73(3)
Further Readings
76(1)
Glossary
76(3)
3 Satellite Launch and In-orbit Operations
79(95)
3.1 Acquiring the Desired Orbit
79(16)
3.1.1 Parameters Defining the Satellite Orbit
80(3)
3.1.2 Modifying the Orbital Parameters
83(12)
3.2 Launch Sequence
95(5)
3.2.1 Types of Launch Sequence
95(5)
3.3 Launch Vehicles
100(27)
3.3.1 Introduction
100(1)
3.3.2 Classification
100(4)
3.3.3 Anatomy of a Launch Vehicle
104(2)
3.3.4 Principal Parameters
106(2)
3.3.5 Major Launch Vehicles
108(19)
3.4 Space Centres
127(17)
3.4.1 Location Considerations
127(1)
3.4.2 Constituent Parts of a Space Centre
128(1)
3.4.3 Major Space Centres
129(15)
3.5 Orbital Perturbations
144(2)
3.6 Satellite Stabilization
146(3)
3.6.1 Spin Stabilization
146(1)
3.6.2 Three-axis or Body Stabilization
147(2)
3.6.3 Comparison between Spin-stabilized and Three-axis Stabilized Satellites
149(1)
3.6.4 Station Keeping
149(1)
3.7 Orbital Effects on Satellite's Performance
149(1)
3.1.1 Doppler Shift
149(1)
3.1.2 Variation in the Orbital Distance
150(1)
3.1.3 Solar Eclipse
150(1)
3.1.4 Sun Transit Outrage
150(1)
3.8 Eclipses
150(4)
3.9 Look Angles of a Satellite
154(12)
3.9.1 Azimuth Angle
154(1)
3.9.2 Elevation Angle
155(1)
3.9.3 Computing the Slant Range
156(2)
3.9.4 Computing the Line-of-Sight Distance between Two Satellites
158(8)
3.10 Earth Coverage and Ground Tracks
166(8)
3.10.1 Satellite Altitude and the Earth Coverage Area
166(1)
3.10.2 Satellite Ground Tracks
167(3)
3.10.3 Orbit Inclination and Latitude Coverage
170(2)
Further Readings
172(1)
Glossary
172(2)
4 Satellite Hardware
174(55)
4.1 Satellite Subsystems
174(1)
4.2 Mechanical Structure
175(2)
4.2.1 Design Considerations
176(1)
4.2.2 Typical Structure
176(1)
4.3 Propulsion Subsystem
177(8)
4.3.1 Basic Principle
178(1)
4.3.2 Types of Propulsion System
178(7)
4.4 Thermal Control Subsystem
185(4)
4.4.1 Sources of Thermal Inequilibrium
186(1)
4.4.2 Mechanism of Heat Transfer
186(1)
4.4.3 Types of Thermal Control
187(2)
4.5 Power Supply Subsystem
189(10)
4.5.1 Types of Power System
189(1)
4.5.2 Solar Energy Driven Power Systems
190(5)
4.5.3 Batteries
195(4)
4.6 Attitude and Orbit Control
199(2)
4.6.1 Attitude Control
200(1)
4.6.2 Orbit Control
200(1)
4.7 Tracking, Telemetry and Command Subsystem
201(2)
4.8 Payload
203(2)
4.9 Antenna Subsystem
205(19)
4.9.1 Antenna Parameters
207(3)
4.9.2 Types of Antennas
210(14)
4.10 Space Qualification and Equipment Reliability
224(5)
4.10.1 Space Qualification
224(1)
4.10.2 Reliability
225(1)
Further Readings
226(1)
Glossary
227(2)
5 Communication Techniques
229(57)
5.1 Types of Information Signals
229(2)
5.1.1 Voice Signals
230(1)
5.1.2 Data Signals
230(1)
5.1.3 Video Signals
230(1)
5.2 Amplitude Modulation
231(10)
5.2.1 Frequency Spectrum of the AM Signal
232(1)
5.2.2 Power in the AM Signal
233(1)
5.2.3 Noise in the AM Signal
233(2)
5.2.4 Different Forms of Amplitude Modulation
235(6)
5.3 Frequency Modulation
241(18)
5.3.1 Frequency Spectrum of the FM Signal
243(2)
5.3.2 Narrow Band and Wide Band FM
245(1)
5.3.3 Noise in the FM Signal
246(4)
5.3.4 Generation of FM Signals
250(2)
5.3.5 Detection of FM Signals
252(7)
5.4 Pulse Communication Systems
259(6)
5.4.1 Analogue Pulse Communication Systems
259(2)
5.4.2 Digital Pulse Communication Systems
261(4)
5.5 Sampling Theorem
265(1)
5.6 Shannon-Hartley Theorem
266(1)
5.7 Digital Modulation Techniques
267(10)
5.7.1 Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
268(1)
5.7.2 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
268(1)
5.7.3 Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
269(1)
5.7.4 Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)
270(1)
5.7.5 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
271(2)
5.7.6 Offset QPSK
273(1)
5.7.7 8PSK and 16PSK
274(1)
5.7.8 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
274(2)
5.7.9 Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (APSK)
276(1)
5.8 Multiplexing Techniques
277(9)
5.8.1 Frequency Division Multiplexing
277(2)
5.8.2 Time Division Multiplexing
279(2)
5.8.3 Code Division Multiplexing
281(1)
Further Readings
282(1)
Glossary
283(3)
6 Multiple Access Techniques
286(36)
6.1 Introduction to Multiple Access Techniques
286(2)
6.1.1 Transponder Assignment Modes
287(1)
6.2 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
288(5)
6.2.1 Demand Assigned FDMA
290(1)
6.2.2 Pre-assigned FDMA
290(1)
6.2.3 Calculation of C/N Ratio
290(3)
6.3 Single Channel Per Carrier (SCPC) Systems
293(2)
6.3.7 SCPC/FM/FDMA System
293(1)
6.3.2 SCPC/PSK/FDMA System
294(1)
6.4 Multiple Channels Per Carrier (MCPC) Systems
295(2)
6.4.1 MCPC/FDM/FM/FDMA System
295(1)
6.4.2 MCPC/PCM-TDM/PSK/FDMA System
296(1)
6.5 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
297(1)
6.6 TDMA Frame Structure
297(2)
6.6.1 Reference Burst
298(1)
6.6.2 Traffic Burst
298(1)
6.6.3 Guard Time
299(1)
6.7 TDMA Burst Structure
299(2)
6.7.1 Carrier and Clock Recovery Sequence
299(1)
6.7.2 Unique Word
299(1)
6.7.3 Signalling Channel
300(1)
6.7.4 Traffic Information
301(1)
6.8 Computing Unique Word Detection Probability
301(1)
6.9 TDMA Frame Efficiency
302(1)
6.10 Control and Coordination of Traffic
303(2)
6.11 Frame Acquisition and Synchronization
305(2)
6.11.1 Extraction of Traffic Bursts from Receive Frames
305(1)
6.11.2 Transmission of Traffic Bursts
305(1)
6.11.3 Frame Synchronization
305(2)
6.12 FDMA vs. TDMA
307(1)
6.12.1 Advantages of TDMA over FDMA
308(1)
6.12.2 Disadvantages of TDM A over FDMA
308(1)
6.13 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
308(8)
6.13.1 DS-CDMA Transmission and Reception
309(2)
6.13.2 Frequency Hopping CDMA (FH-CDMA) System
311(2)
6.13.3 Time Hopping CDMA (TH-CDMA) System
313(1)
6.13.4 Comparison of DS-CDMA, FH-CDMA and TH-CDMA Systems
314(2)
6.14 Space Domain Multiple Access (SDMA)
316(6)
6.14.1 Frequency Re-use in SDMA
316(1)
6.14.2 SDMA/FDMA System
317(1)
6.14.3 SDMAJTDMA System
318(1)
6.14.4 SDMA/CDMA System
319(1)
Further Readings
319(1)
Glossary
320(2)
7 Satellite Link Design Fundamentals
322(56)
7.1 Transmission Equation
322(2)
7.2 Satellite Link Parameters
324(2)
7.2.1 Choice of Operating Frequency
324(1)
7.2.2 Propagation Considerations
324(1)
7.2.3 Noise Considerations
325(1)
7.2.4 Interference-related Problems
325(1)
7.3 Frequency Considerations
326(4)
7.3.1 Frequency Allocation and Coordination
326(4)
7.4 Propagation Considerations
330(11)
7.4.1 Free-space Loss
330(1)
7.4.2 Gaseous Absorption
331(2)
7.4.3 Attenuation due to Rain
333(1)
7.4.4 Cloud Attenuation
334(1)
7.4.5 Signal Fading due to Refraction
334(1)
7.4.6 Ionosphere-related Effects
335(3)
7.4.7 Fading due to Multipath Signals
338(3)
7.5 Techniques to Counter Propagation Effects
341(1)
7.5.1 Attenuation Compensation Techniques
341(1)
7.5.2 Depolarization Compensation Techniques
342(1)
7.6 Noise Considerations
342(11)
7.6.1 Thermal Noise
342(1)
7.6.2 Noise Figure
343(1)
7.6.3 Noise Temperature
344(1)
7.6.4 Noise Figure and Noise Temperature of Cascaded Stages
345(1)
7.6.5 Antenna Noise Temperature
346(4)
7.6.6 Overall System Noise Temperature
350(3)
7.7 Interference-related Problems
353(12)
7.7.1 Intermodulation Distortion
354(3)
7.7.2 Interference between the Satellite and Terrestrial Links
357(1)
7.7.3 Interference due to Adjacent Satellites
357(4)
7.7.4 Cross-polarization Interference
361(1)
7.7.5 Adjacent Channel Interference
361(4)
7.8 Antenna Gain-to-Noise Temperature (G/T) Ratio
365(2)
7.9 Link Design
367(4)
7.9.1 Link Design Procedure
368(1)
7.9.2 Link Budget
368(3)
7.10 Multiple Spot Beam Technology
371(7)
Further Readings
374(1)
Glossary
375(3)
8 Earth Station
378(55)
8.1 Earth Station
378(2)
8.2 Types of Earth Station
380(6)
8.2.1 Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) Earth Station
381(1)
8.2.2 Broadcast Satellite Service (BSS) Earth Stations
382(1)
8.2.3 Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) Earth Stations
383(1)
8.2.4 Single Function Stations
384(1)
8.2.5 Gateway Stations
385(1)
8.2.6 Teleports
386(1)
8.3 Earth Station Architecture
386(1)
8.4 Earth Station Design Considerations
387(5)
8.4.1 Key Performance Parameters
388(2)
8.4.2 Earth Station Design Optimization
390(1)
8.4.3 Environmental and Site Considerations
391(1)
8.5 Earth Station Testing
392(6)
8.5.1 Unit and Subsystem Level Testing
392(1)
8.5.2 System Level Testing
392(6)
8.6 Earth Station Hardware
398(14)
8.6.1 RF Equipment
398(10)
8.6.2 IF and Baseband Equipment
408(1)
8.6.3 Terrestrial Interface
409(3)
8.7 Satellite Tracking
412(7)
8.7.1 Satellite Tracking System - Block Diagram
412(1)
8.7.2 Tracking Techniques
412(7)
8.8 Some Representative Earth Stations
419(14)
8.8.1 Goonhilly Satellite Earth Station
419(2)
8.8.2 Madley Communications Centre
421(1)
8.8.3 Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex
421(1)
8.8.4 Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex
422(1)
8.8.5 Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex
423(1)
8.8.6 Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station
424(2)
8.8.7 Kaena Point Satellite Tracking Station
426(1)
8.8.8 Bukit Timah Satellite Earth Station
426(1)
8.8.9 INTELSA T Teleport Earth Stations
426(2)
8.8.10 SUPARCO Satellite Ground Station
428(1)
8.8.11 Makarios Satellite Earth Station
428(1)
8.8.12 Raisting Earth Station
428(1)
8.8.13 Indian Deep Space Network
429(1)
Glossary
430(3)
9 Networking Concepts
433(40)
9.1 Introduction
433(1)
9.2 Network Characteristics
433(4)
9.2.1 Availability
434(1)
9.2.2 Reliability
434(1)
9.2.3 Security
435(1)
9.2.4 Throughput
436(1)
9.2.5 Scalability
437(1)
9.2.6 Topology
437(1)
9.2.7 Cost
437(1)
9.3 Applications and Services
437(5)
9.3.1 Satellite and Network Services
438(1)
9.3.2 Satellite Services
438(1)
9.3.3 Network Services
438(1)
9.3.4 Internet Services
439(3)
9.4 Network Topologies
442(5)
9.4.1 Bus Topology
442(1)
9.4.2 Star Topology
443(1)
9.4.3 Ring Topology
444(1)
9.4.4 Mesh Topology
444(1)
9.4.5 Tree Topology
445(1)
9.4.6 Hybrid Topology
446(1)
9.5 Network Technologies
447(3)
9.5.1 Circuit Switched Networks
441(7)
9.5.2 Packet Switched Networks
448(1)
9.5.3 Circuit Switched versus Packet Switched Networks
449(1)
9.6 Networking Protocols
450(9)
9.6.1 Common Networking Protocols
450(3)
9.6.2 The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Reference Model
453(3)
9.6.3 Internet Protocol (IP)
456(1)
9.6.4 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
457(1)
9.6.5 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
457(1)
9.6.6 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
457(1)
9.6.7 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
458(1)
9.6.8 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
458(1)
9.6.9 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
459(1)
9.7 Satellite Constellations
459(6)
9.7.1 Constellation Geometry
459(1)
9.7.2 Major Satellite Constellations
460(5)
9.8 Internetworking with Terrestrial Networks
465(8)
9.8.1 Repeaters, Bridges, Switches and Routers
465(1)
9.8.2 Protocol Translation, Stacking and Tunnelling
466(1)
9.8.3 Quality of Service
466(1)
Further Readings
467(1)
Glossary
467(6)
PART II SATELLITE APPLICATIONS
10 Communication Satellites
473(51)
10.1 Introduction to Communication Satellites
473(1)
10.2 Communication-related Applications of Satellites
474(1)
10.2.1 Geostationary Satellite Communication Systems
475(1)
10.2.2 Non-geostationary Satellite Communication Systems
475(1)
10.3 Frequency Bands
475(1)
10.4 Payloads
475(4)
10.4.1 Types of Transponders
477(1)
10.4.2 Transponder Performance Parameters
478(1)
10.5 Satellite versus Terrestrial Networks
479(2)
10.5.1 Advantages of Satellites Over Terrestrial Networks
479(1)
10.5.2 Disadvantages of Satellites with Respect to Terrestrial Networks
480(1)
10.6 Satellite Telephony
481(3)
70.6.1 Point-to-Point Trunk Telephone Networks
482(1)
10.6.2 Mobile Satellite Telephony
482(2)
10.7 Satellite Television
484(12)
70.7.1 A Typical Satellite TV Network
484(1)
70.7.2 Satellite--Cable Television
485(1)
10.7.3 Satellite--Local Broadcast TV Network
486(1)
10.7.4 Direct-to-Home Satellite Television
487(3)
10.7.5 Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB)
490(1)
70.7.6 DVB-S and DVB-S2 Standards
491(2)
70.7.7 DVB-RCS and DVB-RCS2 Standards
493(1)
10.7.8 DVB-T and DVB-T2 Standards
493(1)
70.7.9 DVB-H and DVB-SH Standards
494(2)
10.8 Satellite Radio
496(1)
10.9 Satellite Data Communication Services
496(6)
70.9.1 Satellite Data Broadcasting
496(1)
70.9.2 VSATs (Very Small Aperture Terminals)
497(5)
10.10 Important Missions
502(12)
10.10.1 International Satellite Systems
502(10)
10.10.2 Regional Satellite Systems
512(1)
10.10.3 National Satellite Systems
513(1)
10.11 Future Trends
514(10)
10.11.1 Development of Satellite Constellations in LEO Orbits
516(1)
10.11.2 Development of Personal Communication Services (PCS)
516(1)
10.11.3 Use of Higher Frequency Bands
517(1)
10.11.4 Development of Light Quantum Communication Techniques
517(1)
10.11.5 Development of Broadband Services to Mobile Users
517(1)
10.11.6 Development of Hybrid Satellite/Terrestrial Networks
517(1)
10.11.7 Advanced Concepts
518(1)
Further Readings
519(2)
Glossary
521(3)
11 Remote Sensing Satellites
524(53)
11.1 Remote Sensing - An Overview
524(2)
11.1.1 Aerial Remote Sensing
525(1)
11.1.2 Satellite Remote Sensing
525(1)
11.2 Classification of Satellite Remote Sensing Systems
526(5)
11.2.1 Optical Remote Sensing Systems
526(2)
11.2.2 Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Systems
528(1)
11.2.3 Microwave Remote Sensing Systems
529(2)
11.3 Remote Sensing Satellite Orbits
531(1)
11.4 Remote Sensing Satellite Payloads
531(4)
11.4.1 Classification of Sensors
531(3)
11.4.2 Sensor Parameters
534(1)
11.5 Passive Sensors
535(5)
11.5.1 Passive Scanning Sensors
536(3)
11.5.2 Passive Non-scanning Sensors
539(1)
11.6 Active Sensors
540(2)
11.6.1 Active Non-scanning Sensors
540(1)
11.6.2 Active Scanning Sensors
540(2)
11.7 Types of Images
542(3)
11.7.1 Primary Images
542(1)
11.7.2 Secondary Images
542(3)
11.8 Image Classification
545(1)
11.9 Image Interpretation
546(2)
11.9.1 Interpreting Optical and Thermal Remote Sensing Images
546(1)
11.9.2 Interpreting Microwave Remote Sensing Images
547(1)
11.9.3 GIS in Remote Sensing
547(1)
11.10 Applications of Remote Sensing Satellites
548(10)
11.10.1 Land Cover Classification
548(1)
11.10.2 Land Cover Change Detection
549(1)
11.10.3 Water Quality Monitoring and Management
550(1)
11.10.4 Flood Monitoring
551(1)
11.10.5 Urban Monitoring and Development
552(1)
11.10.6 Measurement of Sea Surface Temperature
552(1)
11.10.7 Deforestation
553(1)
11.10.8 Global Monitoring
553(2)
11.10.9 Predicting Disasters
555(3)
11.10.10 Other Applications
558(1)
11.11 Major Remote Sensing Missions
558(15)
11.11.1 Landsat Satellite System
558(3)
11.11.2 SPOT Satellite System
561(3)
11.11.3 Radarsat Satellite System
564(1)
11.11.4 Indian Remote Sensing Satellite System
565(8)
11.12 Future Trends
573(4)
Further Readings
574(1)
Glossary
575(2)
12 Weather Satellites
577(37)
12.1 Weather Forecasting -- An Overview
577(3)
12.2 Weather Forecasting Satellite Fundamentals
580(1)
12.3 Images from Weather Forecasting Satellites
580(6)
12.3.1 Visible Images
580(2)
72.5.2 IR Images
582(1)
12.3.3 Water Vapour Images
583(1)
12.3.4 Microwave Images
584(1)
12.3.5 Images Formed by Active Probing
585(1)
12.4 Weather Forecasting Satellite Orbits
586(1)
12.5 Weather Forecasting Satellite Payloads
587(5)
12.5.1 Radiometer
588(1)
12.5.2 Active Payloads
589(3)
12.6 Image Processing and Analysis
592(1)
12.6.1 Image Enhancement Techniques
592(1)
12.7 Weather Forecasting Satellite Applications
593(6)
12.7.1 Measurement of Cloud Parameters
594(1)
12.7.2 Rainfall
594(1)
12.7.3 Wind Speed and Direction
595(1)
12.7.4 Ground-level Temperature Measurements
596(1)
12.7.5 Air Pollution and Haze
596(1)
72.7.6 Fog
596(1)
12.7.7 Oceanography
596(1)
12.7.8 Severe Storm Support
597(1)
72.7.9 Fisheries
598(1)
12.7.10 Snow and Ice Studies
598(1)
12.8 Major Weather Forecasting Satellite Missions
599(13)
72.8.1 GOES Satellite System
599(6)
12.8.2 Meteosat Satellite System
605(3)
12.8.3 Advanced TIROS-N (ATN) NOAA Satellites
608(4)
12.9 Future of Weather Forecasting Satellite Systems
612(2)
Further Readings
612(1)
Glossary
613(1)
13 Navigation Satellites
614(44)
13.1 Development of Satellite Navigation Systems
614(7)
13.1.1 Doppler Effect based Satellite Navigation Systems
615(1)
13.1.2 Trilateration-based Satellite Navigation Systems
615(6)
13.2 Global Positioning System (GPS)
621(4)
13.2.1 Space Segment
621(1)
13.2.2 Control Segment
622(1)
13.2.3 User Segment
623(2)
13.3 Working Principle of the GPS
625(6)
13.3.1 Principle of Operation
625(2)
13.3.2 GPS Signal Structure
627(1)
13.3.3 Pseudorange Measurements
628(1)
13.3.4 Determination of the Receiver Location
629(2)
13.4 GPS Positioning Services and Positioning Modes
631(3)
13.4.1 GPS Positioning Services
631(1)
13.4.2 GPS Positioning Modes
632(2)
13.5 GPS Error Sources
634(3)
13.6 GLONASS Satellite System
637(4)
13.6.1 GLONASS Segments
638(1)
75.6.2 GLONASS Signal Structure
639(2)
13.7 GPS-GLONASS Integration
641(1)
13.8 EGNOS Satellite Navigation System
642(3)
13.9 Galileo Satellite Navigation Systems
645(2)
13.9.1 Three-Phase Development Programme
645(1)
13.9.2 Services
646(1)
13.10 Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS)
647(1)
13.11 Compass Satellite Navigation System
648(1)
13.12 Hybrid Navigation Systems
648(2)
13.13 Applications of Satellite Navigation Systems
650(4)
13.13.1 Military Applications
650(1)
13.13.2 Civilian Applications
651(3)
13.14 Future of Satellite Navigation Systems
654(4)
Further Readings
655(1)
Glossary
656(2)
14 Scientific Satellites
658(59)
14.1 Satellite-based versus Ground-based Scientific Techniques
658(1)
14.2 Payloads on Board Scientific Satellites
659(6)
14.2.1 Payloads for Studying Earth's Geodesy
659(1)
14.2.2 Payloads for Earth Environment Studies
660(1)
14.2.3 Payloads for Astronomical Studies
661(4)
14.3 Applications of Scientific Satellites - Study of Earth
665(5)
14.3.1 Space Geodesy
665(4)
14.3.2 Tectonics and Internal Geodynamics
669(1)
14.3.3 Terrestrial Magnetic Fields
670(1)
14.4 Observation of the Earth's Environment
670(10)
14.4.1 Study of the Earth's Ionosphere and Magnetosphere
671(6)
14.4.2 Study of the Earth's Upper Atmosphere (Aeronomy)
677(2)
14.4.3 Study of the Interaction between Earth and its Environment
679(1)
14.5 Astronomical Observations
680(6)
14.5.1 Observation of the Sun
681(5)
14.6 Missions for Studying Planets of the Solar System
686(21)
14.6.1 Mercury
691(1)
14.6.2 Venus
692(2)
14.6.3 Mars
694(3)
14.6.4 Outer Planets
697(6)
14.6.5 Moon
703(2)
14.6.6 Asteroids
705(1)
14.6.7 Comets
706(1)
14.7 Missions Beyond the Solar System
707(3)
14.8 Other Fields of Investigation
710(4)
14.8.1 Microgravity Experiments
710(1)
14.8.2 Life Sciences
711(1)
14.8.3 Material Sciences
712(1)
14.8.4 Cosmic Ray and Fundamental Physics Research
713(1)
14.9 Future Trends
714(3)
Further Readings
715(1)
Glossary
715(2)
15 Military Satellites
717(52)
15.1 Military Satellites -- An Overview
717(1)
15.1.1 Applications of Military Satellites
118(600)
15.2 Military Communication Satellites
718(1)
15.3 Development of Military Communication Satellite Systems
719(7)
15.3.1 American Systems
720(4)
15.3.2 Russian Systems
724(1)
15.3.3 Satellites Launched by other Countries
725(1)
15.4 Frequency Spectrum Utilized by Military Communication Satellite Systems
726(1)
15.5 Dual-use Military Communication Satellite Systems
727(1)
15.6 Reconnaisance Satellites
728(4)
15.6.1 Image Intelligence or IMINT Satellites
728(4)
15.7 SIGINT Satellites
732(3)
15.7.1 Development of SIGINT Satellites
733(2)
15.8 Early Warning Satellites
735(3)
15.8.1 Major Early Warning Satellite Programmes
736(2)
15.9 Nuclear Explosion Satellites
738(1)
15.10 Military Weather Forecasting Satellites
738(1)
15.11 Military Navigation Satellites
739(1)
15.12 Space Weapons
739(6)
15.12.1 Classification of Space Weapons
740(5)
15.13 Strategic Defence Initiative
745(7)
15.13.1 Ground Based Programmes
746(3)
15.13.2 Directed Energy Weapon Programmes
749(2)
15.13.3 Space Programmes
751(1)
15.13.4 Sensor Programmes
752(1)
15.14 Directed Energy Laser Weapons
752(12)
15.14.1 Advantages
753(1)
15.14.2 Limitations
753(1)
15.14.3 Directed Energy Laser Weapon Components
754(1)
15.14.4 Important Design Parametres
755(1)
15.14.5 Important Laser Sources
756(7)
15.14.6 Beam Control Technology
763(1)
15.15 Advanced Concepts
764(5)
15.15.1 New Surveillance Concepts Using Satellites
765(1)
15.15.2 Long Reach Non-lethal Laser Dazzler
765(1)
15.15.3 Long Reach Laser Target Designator
766(1)
Further Readings
767(1)
Glossary
767(2)
16 Emerging Trends
769(38)
16.1 Introduction
769(1)
16.2 Space Tethers
769(12)
16.2.1 Space Tethers -- Different Types
770
16.2.2 Applications
114(1)
16.2.3 Space Tether Missions
115(664)
16.2.4 Space Elevator
779(2)
16.3 Aerostat Systems
781(3)
16.3.1 Components of an Aerostat System
782(1)
16.3.2 Types of Aerostat Systems
782(1)
16.3.3 Applications
783(1)
16.4 Millimetre Wave Satellite Communication
784(9)
16.4.1 Millimetre Wave Band
784(1)
16.4.2 Advantages
785(2)
16.4.3 Propagation Considerations
787(1)
16.4.4 Applications
788(1)
16.4.5 Millimetre Wave Satellite Missions
789(4)
16.5 Space Stations
793(14)
16.5.1 Importance of Space Stations
794(1)
16.5.2 Space Stations of the Past
794(3)
16.5.3 Currently Operational Systems
797(2)
16.5.4 Planned Space Stations
799(2)
16.5.5 Emerging Space Station Concepts
801(2)
Further Readings
803(1)
Glossary
804(3)
Index 807
Anil K. Maini Varsha Agrawal Laser Science and Technology Centre, Delhi, India