Acknowledgements |
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xi | |
Author Biographies |
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xiii | |
Acronyms |
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xv | |
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Chapter 1 Historical Background and Place in the Lithography Roadmap |
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1 | (8) |
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1.1 Introduction to Nanolithography by AFM |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Historical Background |
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2 | (3) |
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1.3 AFM: The Most Versatile Tool at the Nanoscale |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (3) |
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7 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Basic Concepts and Modalities |
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9 | (6) |
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2.1 The Tool: An Atomic Force Microscope |
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9 | (2) |
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2.2 An Atomic Force Microscope for Lithography |
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11 | (1) |
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2.3 Preparing a Scanning Probe Lithography Experiment |
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12 | (1) |
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2.4 "How to Name the Technique?" |
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13 | (2) |
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13 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Mechanical Scanning Probe Lithography |
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15 | (18) |
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15 | (1) |
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3.2 Parameters for the Lithographic Process |
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16 | (2) |
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3.3 Manipulation of Nano-Objects |
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18 | (2) |
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3.4 Cleaning of 2D Materials Post-Processing |
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20 | (2) |
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3.5 Applications and Proof of Concepts |
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22 | (11) |
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3.5.1 Lift-Off and Pattern Transfer Processes |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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3.5.3 Charge Modulation in Quantum Devices |
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24 | (1) |
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3.5.4 2D Materials Based Devices and Patterns |
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25 | (1) |
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3.5.5 Other Proof-of-Concept Devices and Nanostructures |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (6) |
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Chapter 4 Dip Pen Nanolithography |
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33 | (20) |
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33 | (3) |
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33 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Material Transport Models |
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34 | (1) |
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(a) Molecular Diffusion in the Case of Diffusive Inks |
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34 | (1) |
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(b) Mass Fluid Flow in the Case of Liquid Inks |
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34 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Derivatives of Dip Pen Nanolithography Method |
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35 | (1) |
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4.1.4 Developments on the Tool |
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35 | (1) |
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4.2 Parameters for the Lithographic Process |
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36 | (3) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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4.3 Electrochemical and Thermal Dip Pen Nanolithography |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (13) |
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4.4.1 Etching Masks and Chemical Templates |
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41 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Biomolecular or Organic Molecule Patterns |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (7) |
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Chapter 5 Field Emission Scanning Probe Lithography |
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53 | (8) |
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53 | (1) |
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5.2 Parameters for the Lithographic Process |
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53 | (2) |
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5.3 Towards Single-Digit Nanometer Lithography |
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55 | (3) |
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5.4 Other Processes Driven by fe-SPL |
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58 | (3) |
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59 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Oxidation Scanning Probe Lithography |
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61 | (24) |
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61 | (4) |
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6.1.1 Oxide Growth Kinetics |
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63 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Composition of the Oxides Fabricated by o-SPL |
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63 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Growth of Oxides over and under the Substrate Surface |
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64 | (1) |
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6.2 Parameters for the Lithographic Process |
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65 | (2) |
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6.3 Tunability of o-SPL Processes: Polarity and Atmosphere |
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67 | (1) |
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6.4 Applications and Proof of Concepts |
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68 | (17) |
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6.4.1 Lift-Off and Pattern Transfer Processes |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (3) |
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6.4.3 Barriers for Quantum Devices |
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71 | (1) |
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6.4.4 Control over Metallic/Insulating State Transitions |
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72 | (1) |
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6.4.5 2D Materials Based Devices and Patterns |
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73 | (1) |
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6.4.6 Other Proof-of-Concept Devices and Nanostructures |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (10) |
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Chapter 7 Thermal Scanning Probe Lithography |
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85 | (18) |
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7.1 Fundamentals and Components of the Tool |
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85 | (1) |
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7.2 From the Millipede to the NanoFrazor |
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85 | (4) |
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86 | (1) |
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7.2.2 The Tool and the Technique |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Markless Lithography |
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88 | (1) |
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7.3 Parameters for the Lithographic Process |
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89 | (1) |
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7.4 Applications and Proof of Concepts |
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90 | (13) |
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7.4.1 Lift-Off and Pattern Transfer Processes |
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90 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Etching Masks and Templates |
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90 | (3) |
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7.4.3 Three-Dimensional Structures |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (1) |
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7.4.5 Physical and Chemical Conversion |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (6) |
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Chapter 8 Lithography Using a Scanning Tunneling Microscope |
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103 | (12) |
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8.1 Fundamentals and Parameters |
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103 | (1) |
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8.2 Manipulation of Atoms and Molecules |
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104 | (6) |
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104 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Perpendicular Processes |
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106 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Hydrogen Depassivation Lithography and Atomically Precise Manufacturing |
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107 | (3) |
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8.3 Scanning Proximal Probe Lithography |
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110 | (5) |
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110 | (5) |
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Chapter 9 High-Throughput Strategies |
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115 | (10) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (4) |
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9.3 Mix and Match Lithography |
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120 | (5) |
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120 | (5) |
Index |
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125 | |