Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Science in the Looking Glass: What do scientists really know? [Kõva köide]

(Department of Mathematics, King's College, London)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 308 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 242x161x21 mm, kaal: 684 g, 29 b/w line figs; 8 b/w halftone figs
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Aug-2003
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198525435
  • ISBN-13: 9780198525431
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 308 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 242x161x21 mm, kaal: 684 g, 29 b/w line figs; 8 b/w halftone figs
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Aug-2003
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198525435
  • ISBN-13: 9780198525431
Teised raamatud teemal:
Davies (King's College, London), the developer of the theory of open quantum systems, argues surprisingly for a mathematician that math is a human creation that Nature is not governed by; subjective consciousness may be unexplainable; the most credible scientific theories often are the least mathematical; and philosophical issues are important in science. Annotation (c) Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

In this wide-ranging book, Brian Davies discusses the basis for scientists' claims to knowledge about the world. He looks at science historically, emphasizing not only the achievements of scientists from Galileo onwards, but also their mistakes. He rejects the claim that all scientific knowledge is provisional, by citing examples from chemistry, biology and geology. A major feature of the book is its defense of the view that mathematics was invented rather than discovered. A large number of examples are used to illustrate these points, and many of the deep issues in today's world discussed-from psychology and evolution to quantum theory, consciousness and even religious belief. Disentangling knowledge from opinion and aspiration is a hard task, but this book provided a clear guide to the difficulties.

Arvustused

...it is a brilliant work, beautifully written, and brimming with surprising information and stimulating philosophical speculations. Notices of the AMS, December 2005, Volume 52, Number 11. ... the leading mathematician E. Brian Davies is a refreshingly dissident voice ... One of the most impressive aspects of Davies' treatment is its breadth - he covers both the physical and life sciences and touches on philosophy ... those who read the book will find much to set them thinking, especially about the blind worship of mathematics that is often taken for granted in popular science books. * The Times Higher Education Supplement * ... all professionals are sure to learn something new ... I feel justified in commending this well-written book to the readership of Materials Today ... This will not help the reader to design a spintronic device, improved magnetic memory, or photonic 'crystal', but will reassure that, as a scientist in the 21st century, he or she is heir to an enormously varied and honorable tradition. Looking backwards contentedly leads to looking forward hopefully. * materialstoday * Science in the Looking Glass is worth reading in your leisure time. It is stimulating even when you disagree with the author. * Physics Today * Davies writes in an accessible, non-technical style. He favours concrete examples and down-to-earth refutations. He is not interested in engaging in the layers of scholarship and theoretical debates that surround virtually every idea that he examines, preferring instead to carve his own uncluttered path through the issue. This allows him to move swiftly and to cover much terrain ... The result can be fresh and exhilarating. * Brian Rotman, Times Literary Supplement * Science in the Looking Glass is an original and superbly intelligent attempt by someone who knows and loves the subject, to challenge the misconceptions and transcendental mysteries that cling so beguilingly to mathematics. * Brian Rotman, Times Literary Supplement * The value of this book for a mathematician lies in a number of mathematical examples that one can use to popularize mathematics ... an interesting and fairly exciting reading. * Zentralblatt MATH *

Perception and Language
1(32)
Preamble
1(2)
Light and Vision
3(15)
Introduction
3(1)
The Perception of Colour
4(2)
Interpretation and Illusion
6(7)
Disorders of the Brain
13(2)
The World of a Bat
15(1)
What Do We See?
16(2)
Language
18(15)
Physiological Aspects of Language
18(4)
Social Aspects of Language
22(2)
Objects, Concepts, and Existence
24(3)
Numbers as Social Constructs
27(4)
Notes and References
31(2)
Theories of the Mind
33(28)
Preamble
33(1)
Mind-Body Dualism
34(15)
Plato
34(3)
Mathematical Platonism
37(4)
The Rotation of Triangles
41(2)
Descartes and Dualism
43(3)
Dualism in Society
46(3)
Varieties of Consciousness
49(12)
Can Computers Be Conscious?
50(2)
Godel and Penrose
52(2)
Discussion
54(5)
Notes and References
59(2)
Arithmetic
61(24)
Introduction
61(1)
Whole Numbers
62(1)
Small Numbers
62(2)
Medium Numbers
64(1)
Large Numbers
65(1)
What Do Large Numbers Represent?
66(1)
Addition
67(1)
Multiplication
68(3)
Inaccessible and Huge Numbers
71(4)
Peano's Postulates
75(3)
Infinity
78(2)
Discussion
80(3)
Notes and References
83(2)
How Hard can Problems Get?
85(14)
Introduction
85(2)
The Four Colour Problem
87(1)
Goldbach's Conjecture
88(1)
Fermat's Last Theorem
89(1)
Finite Simple Groups
90(1)
A Practically Insoluble Problem
91(2)
Algorithms
93(3)
How to Handle Hard Problems
96(1)
Notes and References
97(2)
Pure Mathematics
99(44)
Introduction
99(1)
Origins
100(9)
Greek Mathematics
100(3)
The Invention of Algebra
103(1)
The Axiomatic Revolution
103(4)
Projective Geometry
107(2)
The Search for Foundations
109(4)
Against Foundations
113(17)
Empiricism in Mathematics
116(1)
From Babbage to Turing
117(6)
Finite Computing Machines
123(2)
Passage to the Infinite
125(2)
Are Humans Logical?
127(3)
The Real Number System
130(8)
A Brief History
131(3)
What is Equality?
134(1)
Constructive Analysis
135(2)
Non-standard Analysis
137(1)
The Computer Revolution
138(5)
Discussion
139(1)
Notes and References
140(3)
Mechanics and Astronomy
143(28)
Seventeenth Century Astronomy
143(14)
Galileo
146(5)
Kepler
151(2)
Newton
153(1)
The Law of Universal Gravitation
154(3)
Laplace and Determinism
157(9)
Chaos in the Solar System
158(2)
Hyperion
160(1)
Molecular Chaos
161(2)
A Trip to Infinity
163(1)
The Theory of Relativity
164(2)
Discussion
166(5)
Notes and References
170(1)
Probability and Quantum Theory
171(32)
The Theory of Probability
171(12)
Kolmogorov's Axioms
172(2)
Disaster Planning
174(1)
The Paradox of the Children
175(1)
The Letter Paradox
175(1)
The Three Door Paradox
176(1)
The National Lottery
177(1)
Probabilistic Proofs
178(1)
What is a Random Number?
179(2)
Bubbles and Foams
181(1)
Kolmogorov Complexity
182(1)
Quantum Theory
183(20)
History of Atomic Theory
184(2)
The Key Enigma
186(2)
Quantum Probability
188(2)
Quantum Particles
190(2)
The Three Aspects of Quantum Theory
192(1)
Quantum Modelling
193(2)
Measuring Atomic Energy Levels
195(1)
The EPR Paradox
196(2)
Reflections
198(1)
Schrodinger's Cat
199(3)
Notes and References
202(1)
Is Evolution a Theory?
203(32)
Introduction
203(1)
The Public Perception
204(1)
The Geological Record
205(4)
Dating Techniques
209(4)
The Mechanisms of Inheritance
213(4)
Theories of Evolution
217(8)
Some Common Objections
225(5)
Discussion
230(2)
Notes and References
232(3)
Against Reductionism
235(18)
Introduction
235(3)
Biochemistry and Cell Physiology
238(2)
Prediction or Explanation
240(2)
Money
242(1)
Information and Complexity
243(2)
Subjective Consciousness
245(1)
The Chinese Room
246(2)
Zombies and Related Issues
248(2)
A Physicalist View
250(1)
Notes and References
251(2)
Some Final Thoughts
253(28)
Order and Chaos
253(3)
Anthropic Principles
256(3)
From Hume to Popper
259(7)
Empiricism versus Realism
266(4)
The Sociology of Science
270(4)
Science and Technology
274(2)
Conclusions
276(3)
Notes and References
279(2)
Bibliography 281(8)
Index 289
E Brian Davies, Tutorial Fellow at St John's College, Oxford in 1970 and one of two editors for the Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, Oxford. Developed the theory of open quantum systems, writing a monograph on the subject, which became the standard text. Appointed to the Chair of Pure Mathematics at King's College, London in 1981 and researched heat kernels and spectral theory. Subsequently became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1995. His monograph on heat kernels, involving several hundred publications and having applications in many parts of mathematics, is the authoritative text on the subject. Founded the London Mathematical Society Student Text Series in the 1980s, and has recently senior editor for the LMS Monographs. Has previously been a member of the National Advisory Board of the Isaac Newton Institute and sat on the Research Assessment Exercise Panel for Pure Mathematics in 2001. Published over 180 papers.