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Second Language Acquisition: An Introductory Course 5th edition [Pehme köide]

(Michigan State University, USA), ,
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 750 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1430 g, 46 Tables, black and white; 28 Line drawings, black and white; 12 Halftones, black and white; 40 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Jun-2020
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138743429
  • ISBN-13: 9781138743427
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 750 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1430 g, 46 Tables, black and white; 28 Line drawings, black and white; 12 Halftones, black and white; 40 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Jun-2020
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138743429
  • ISBN-13: 9781138743427
Now in a fifth edition, this bestselling introductory textbook remains the cornerstone volume for the study of second language acquisition (SLA). Its chapters have been fully updated, and reorganized where appropriate, to provide a comprehensive yet accessible overview of the field and its related disciplines. In order to reflect current developments, new sections and expanded discussions have been added.

The fifth edition of Second Language Acquisition retains the features that students found useful in previous editions. This edition provides pedagogical tools that encourage students to reflect upon the experiences of second language learners. As with previous editions, discussion questions and problems at the end of each chapter help students apply their knowledge, and a glossary defines and reinforces must-know terminology. This clearly written, comprehensive, and current textbook, by Susan Gass, Jennifer Behney, and Luke Plonsky, is the ideal textbook for an introductory SLA course in second language studies, applied linguistics, linguistics, TESOL, and/or language education programs.

This textbook is supported with a Companion Website containing instructor and student resources including PowerPoint slides, exercises, stroop tests, flashcards, audio and video links: https://routledgetextbooks.com/textbooks/9781138743427/

Arvustused

This has always been a go-to introductory textbook and it is a bestseller because it contains everything readers need to know about the field. Now in a fifth edition, it is once again absolutely state-of-the-art in its comprehensive coverage, easily readable style, and now includes helpful new pedagogical tools. It is an ideal text for introductory classes in applied linguistics and second language research, and a critical resource for more advanced courses or researchers in those areas as well as in general linguistics, TESOL, and language education. Every SLA researcher, novice or experienced, will benefit from having this book on their bookcase.

Alison Mackey, Georgetown University & Lancaster University

Second Language Acquisition: An Introductory Course, with Sue Gass, Jennifer Behney, and Luke Plonsky at the helm, has always been outstanding, but manages to improve with every new edition. The authors are established experts; the coverage is up to date, balanced, and comprehensive; and the presentation is lucid even when dealing with what is sometimes quite complex material. The book is intended as an introductory text but is intellectually stimulating, and in my experience consistently "hooks" undergraduate and graduate students alike, motivating many of them to pursue doctoral work in SLA, second language studies, linguistics, applied linguistics, second language education, or TESOL. Highly recommended.

Michael H. Long, University of Maryland-College Park

Building on both foundational and cutting-edge research in the field of Second Language Acquisition and drawing from a range of disciplinary perspectives, this user-friendly text is highly engaging, resource-rich, and clearly organized. This new edition provides an excellent introduction to the study, practice, and science of how humans learn second (and additional) languages.

Kendall A. King, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities

The authors have expertly updated, expanded and reorganized this new edition of what is arguably the foundational textbook for the study of second-language acquisition research. I have made the previous editions required reading in my SLA courses over the past twenty-five years, and I have never been disappointed with the students reaction to the organization and presentation of the content. This text provides students with an excellent basis for gaining applicable background knowledge in the area, or for deeper investigation into the subject matter.

Fred Eckman, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

The arrival of the new version of this well-loved text could be compared with the launch of a new version of a well-known eco-friendly luxury car: It has the quality and the familiarity of the old model combined with the latest breakthroughs. This fifth edition provides students and researchers with the knowledge and tools to move the field forward.

Jean-Marc Dewaele, Birkbeck, University of London

This book is a truly valuable resource for both students and scholars wishing to expand their knowledge of the field of second language acquisition and gain a solid understanding of its core pursuits, findings, theories, principles, and methods. The book is current, comprehensive, and clearly written, and offers just the right amount of explanation and illustrative examples. Importantly, it also prompts readers to think through the presented arguments and evidence in order to draw their own conclusions and generate their own insights.

Scott Jarvis, University of Utah

In keeping with the tradition of excellence established with the first edition of this text, the fifth edition provides a comprehensive introduction to the state of the art in research in SLA. While it retains the features that have made it the staple text for generalist SLA courses, its organization has been further strengthened to help students fit together the many puzzle pieces that make up this critical area of applied linguistics.

Lucy Pickering, Texas A&M University-Commerce

List of Figures
xv
List of Tables
xvii
Preface xix
PART ONE PRELIMINARIES
1(72)
1 Introduction
3(16)
1.1 The Study of Second Language Acquisition
3(3)
1.2 Definitions
6(1)
1.3 The Nature of Language
7(6)
1.3.1 Semantics
8(1)
1.3.2 Pragmatics
9(1)
1.3.3 Syntax
10(2)
1.3.4 Morphology and the Lexicon
12(1)
1.3.5 Sound Systems
12(1)
1.4 The Nature of Nonnative Speaker Knowledge
13(1)
1.5 Conclusion
14(5)
2 Where Do Data Come From?
19(54)
2.1 Data Types
19(7)
2.2 Learner Corpora
26(5)
2.3 Data Elicitation
31(1)
2.3.7 Measuring General Proficiency
31(2)
2.3.2 Measuring Nonlinguistic Information
33(1)
2.3.3 Verbal Report Data
34(2)
2.3.3.1 Think-Alouds
36(2)
2.3.3.2 Stimulated Recall
38(2)
2.3.3.3 Post-Production Interviews
40(1)
2.3.4 Narrative Inquiry
41(2)
2.3.5 Language Elicitation Measures
43(1)
2.3.5.1 Elicited Imitation
43(1)
2.3.5.2 Judgments
44(4)
2.3.5.3 Language Games
48(1)
2.3.5.4 Discourse Completion
49(2)
2.3.6 Processing Data
51(1)
2.3.6.1 Reaction Time
51(1)
2.3.6.2 Self-Paced Reading
51(1)
2.3.6.3 Eye-Tracking
52(1)
2.3.6.4 Neurolinguistic Data
53(2)
2.4 Replication
55(1)
2.5 Meta-Analyses
55(1)
2.6 Issues in Data Analysis
56(8)
2.7 What is Acquisition?
64(2)
2.8 Conclusion
66(7)
PART TWO HISTORICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF SLA RESEARCH
73(82)
3 The Role of the Native Language: A Historical Overview
75(29)
3.1 Introduction
75(1)
3.2 Behaviorism
76(4)
3.2.1 Linguistic Background
76(2)
3.2.2 Psychological Background
78(2)
3.3 Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
80(5)
3.4 Error Analysis
85(8)
3.5 Conclusion
93(11)
4 The Transition Period
104(29)
4.1 Introduction
104(1)
4.2 First Language Acquisition
104(7)
4.2.1 Words
107(1)
4.2.2 Sounds and Pronunciation
107(1)
4.2.3 Syntax
108(1)
4.2.4 Morphology
109(2)
4.3 Child L2 Acquisition
111(3)
4.4 Child L2 Morpheme Order Studies
114(4)
4.5 Adult L2 Morpheme Order Studies
118(5)
4.6 The Monitor Model
123(6)
4.6.1 The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis
123(1)
4.6.2 The Natural Order Hypothesis
124(1)
4.6.3 The Monitor Hypothesis
124(2)
4.6.4 The Input Hypothesis
126(1)
4.6.5 The Affective Filter Hypothesis
127(2)
4.6.6 Limitations
129(1)
4.7 Conclusion
129(4)
5 Alternative Approaches to the Role of Previously Known Languages
133(22)
5.1 Revised Perspectives on the Role of the Native Language
133(16)
5.7.7 Avoidance
135(2)
5.1.2 Differential Learning Rates
137(1)
5.1.3 Different Paths
138(3)
5.1.4 Overproduction
141(1)
5.1.5 Predictability/Selectivity
142(6)
5.1.6 L1 Influences in L2 Processing
148(1)
5.1.7 Morpheme Order
149(1)
5.2 Conclusion
149(6)
PART THREE A FOCUS ON FORM: LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS
155(58)
6 Formal Approaches to SLA
157(38)
6.1 Introduction
157(1)
6.2 Universal Grammar
158(18)
6.2.7 Initial State
161(1)
6.2.1.1 Fundamental Difference Hypothesis
162(1)
6.2.1.2 Access to UG Hypothesis
163(6)
6.2.2 UG Principles
169(2)
6.2.3 UG Parameters
171(3)
6.2.4 Minimalist Program
174(1)
6.2.5 Falsification
175(1)
6.3 Transfer: The Generative/UG Perspective
176(2)
6.3.1 Levels of Representation
177(1)
6.3.2 Clustering
177(1)
6.3.3 Learnability
178(1)
6.4 The Fundamental Difference Hypothesis Revised
178(2)
6.5 Semantics and the Syntax-Semantics Interface Hypothesis
180(1)
6.5.7 Semantics
180(1)
6.5.2 Syntax and Semantics: The Interface Hypothesis
180(1)
6.6 Phonology
181(9)
6.6.7 Markedness Differential Hypothesis
182(2)
6.6.2 Similarity/Dissimilarity: Speech Learning Model
184(1)
6.6.3 Optimality Theory
185(2)
6.6.4 Ontogeny Phytogeny Model
187(3)
6.7 Conclusion
190(5)
7 Typological Approaches
195(18)
7.1 Typological Universals
195(10)
7.7.7 Test Case I: The Accessibility Hierarchy
198(3)
7.1.2 Test Case II: The Acquisition of Questions
201(2)
7.1.3 Test Case III: VoicedA/oiceless Consonants
203(2)
7.2 Falsifiability
205(1)
7.3 Typological Universals: Conclusion
206(1)
7.4 Typological Primacy Model
206(2)
7.5 The Role of the L1: Three Approaches
208(1)
7.6 Conclusion: General Comments about Universals
208(5)
PART FOUR A FOCUS ON MEANING
213(58)
8 Meaning-Based Approaches
215(16)
8.1 Introduction
215(1)
8.2 Functional Approaches
215(3)
8.2.7 The Relationship between Form and Function
215(1)
8.2.2 Concept-Oriented Approach
216(2)
8.3 Tense and Aspect: The Aspect Hypothesis
218(6)
8.4 The Discourse Hypothesis
224(2)
8.5 Conclusion
226(5)
9 The Lexicon
231(40)
9.1 The Significance of the Lexicon
231(2)
9.2 Lexical Knowledge: What Does it Mean to Know a Word?
233(15)
9.2.1 Production and Reception
234(2)
9.2.2 Knowledge and Control
236(1)
9.2.3 Breadth and Depth
237(2)
9.2.4 Subcategorization
239(1)
9.2.5 Word Associations and Networks
240(2)
9.2.6 Word Formation
242(1)
9.2.7 Formulaic Language, Collocations, and Chunking
243(1)
9.2.7.1 Use of Multiword Units
243(1)
9.2.7.2 Learning of Multiword Units
244(2)
9.2.7.3 Processing of Multiword Units
246(2)
9.3 Influences on L2 Vocabulary and Development
248(11)
9.3.1 The Role of the L1
248(1)
9.3.2 Incidental Vocabulary Learning
249(1)
9.3.2.1 Input Type
250(2)
9.3.2.2 What Helps Learning?
252(4)
9.3.3 Depth of Processing
256(1)
9.3.4 Incremental Vocabulary Learning
257(2)
9.4 Using Lexical Skills
259(6)
9.4.7 Production
259(4)
9.4.2 Perception
263(2)
9.5 Conclusion
265(6)
PART FIVE COGNITIVE AND PROCESSING APPROACHES TO SLA
271(60)
10 Psycholinguistic Approaches to Learning
273(28)
10.1 Introduction
273(1)
10.2 Models of Language Production
273(1)
10.3 Processability Theory
274(4)
10.4 Processing of Input
278(3)
70.4.7 Input Processing
278(1)
10.4.2 Processing Determinism
279(1)
10.4.3 Autonomous Induction Theory
280(1)
10.4.4 Shallow Structure Hypothesis
281(1)
10.5 Emergentist Models
281(9)
70.5.7 Competition Model
282(5)
10.5.2 Frequency-Based Accounts
287(3)
10.6 Complex Dynamic Systems
290(2)
10.7 Skill Acquisition Theory
292(1)
10.8 Conclusion
293(8)
11 Psycholinguistic Constructs and Knowledge Types
301(30)
11.1 Introduction
301(1)
11.2 Information Processing
301(19)
11.2.1 Automaticity
301(4)
11.2.2 Restructuring
305(2)
11.2.3 U-Shaped Learning
307(1)
11.2.4 Attention
308(3)
11.2.5 Working Memory
311(4)
11.2.6 Salience
315(1)
11.2.7 Priming
316(4)
11.3 Knowledge Types
320(5)
11.3.1 Acquisition/Learning
320(1)
11.3.2 Declarative/Procedural
320(1)
11.3.3 Implicit/Explicit
321(2)
11.3.4 Representation/Control
323(2)
11.4 Interface of Knowledge Types
325(3)
11.4.1 No Interface
325(1)
11.4.2 Weak Interface
326(1)
11.4.3 Strong Interface
327(1)
11.5 Conclusion
328(3)
PART SIX THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF LEARNING
331(168)
12 Interlanguage in Context
333(57)
12.1 Introduction
333(1)
12.2 Sociocultural Approaches
333(11)
72.2.7 Mediation
334(1)
12.2.2 Internalization
335(1)
12.2.3 Zone of Proximal Development
335(4)
12.2.4 Private Speech
339(3)
12.2.5 Learning in a Sociocultural Framework
342(1)
12.2.6 Gesture and SLA
342(2)
12.3 Sociolinguistic Variation
344(3)
12.4 Systematic Variation
347(18)
72.4.7 Linguistic Context
348(3)
12.4.2 Social Context Relating to the Native Language
351(2)
12.4.3 Social Context Relating to Interlocutor, Task Type, and Conversational Topic
353(11)
12.4.4 Sociolinguistic Norms
364(1)
12.5 Conversation Analysis
365(3)
12.6 Communication Strategies
368(2)
12.7 L2 Pragmatics
370(7)
12.8 Conclusion: SLA and Other Disciplines
377(13)
13 Input, Interaction, and Output
390(64)
13.1 Introduction
390(1)
13.2 Input
390(4)
13.3 Comprehension
394(5)
13.4 Interaction
399(8)
13.5 Output
407(7)
73.5.7 Hypothesis Testing
410(4)
13.5.2 Automaticity
414(1)
13.5.3 Meaning-Based to Grammar-Based Processing
414(1)
13.6 Feedback
414(16)
73.6.7 Negotiation
416(3)
13.6.2 Corrective Feedback
419(1)
13.6.2.1 Recasts
420(9)
13.6.2.2 Elicitation
429(1)
13.6.2.3 Metalinguistic Feedback
430(1)
13.7 The Role of Input and Interaction in Language Learning
430(16)
73.7.7 The Functions of Input and Interaction
430(8)
13.7.2 Effectiveness of Feedback
438(1)
13.7.2.1 Attention
439(1)
13.7.2.2 Contrast Theory
440(2)
13.7.2.3 Metalinguistic Awareness
442(1)
13.7.3 Who Benefits from Interaction: When and Why?
443(3)
13.8 Limitations of Input
446(1)
13.9 Conclusion
447(7)
14 Contexts of Language Learning: Classrooms, Study Abroad, and Technology
454(45)
14.1 Introduction
454(1)
14.2 Classroom-Based Instruction
455(20)
74.2.7 Classroom Language
455(5)
14.2.2 Teachability/Learnability
460(4)
14.2.3 Focus on Form and Task-Based Language Teaching
464(5)
14.2.3.1 Timing
469(2)
14.2.3.2 Forms to Focus On
471(1)
14.2.3.3 Task Design
472(2)
14.2.3.4 Input Manipulation and Input Enhancement
474(1)
14.3 Complexity, Accuracy, Fluency, and Planning
475(3)
14.4 Processing Instruction
478(3)
14.5 Uniqueness of Instruction
481(3)
14.6 Effectiveness of Instruction
484(3)
14.7 SLA and Classroom Practices
487(1)
14.8 Additional Contexts
488(6)
74.8.7 Study Abroad
488(3)
14.8.2 Technology-Enhanced Language Learning
491(3)
14.9 Conclusion
494(5)
PART SEVEN THE INDIVIDUAL LANGUAGE LEARNER
499(74)
15 Learner-Internal Influences
501(47)
15.1 Introduction
501(1)
15.2 The Influence of Psychology in SLA
502(1)
15.3 Methodological Considerations
502(1)
15.4 Age Differences
503(11)
15.5 Aptitude
514(8)
15.6 Motivation
522(8)
15.6.1 Motivation as a Function of Time and Success
524(1)
15.6.2 Changes over Time
525(2)
15.6.3 The L2 Motivational Self System
527(2)
15.6.4 Influence of Success on Motivation and Demotivation
529(1)
15.7 Affect
530(3)
75.7.7 Anxiety
531(1)
15.7.2 Other Emotional Variables
532(1)
15.8 Personality
533(3)
75.8.7 Extroversion and Introversion
534(1)
15.8.2 Grit
535(1)
15.9 Learning Strategies
536(6)
15.10 Conclusion
542(6)
16 Related Disciplines: A Focus on the Multilingual and Multimodal Learner
548(25)
16.1 Introduction
548(1)
16.2 Bilingual Acquisition
549(7)
16.3 Third Language Acquisition/Multilingualism
556(7)
16.4 Heritage Language Acquisition
563(3)
16.5 SLA by the Deaf/Hard of Hearing
566(3)
16.6 Conclusion
569(4)
PART EIGHT CONCLUSION
573(27)
17 An Integrated View of Second Language Acquisition
575(25)
17.1 An Integration of Subareas
575(12)
17.1.1 Apperceived Input
578(3)
17.1.2 Comprehended Input
581(2)
17.1.3 Intake
583(1)
17.1.4 Integration
584(2)
17.1.5 Output
586(1)
17.2 Conclusion
587(13)
Glossary 600(12)
References 612(106)
Author Index 718(17)
Subject Index 735
Susan M. Gass is University Distinguished Professor of Second Language Studies at Michigan State University. She has served as president of the American Association of Applied Linguistics (AAAL) and the International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA). Throughout her career, she has made groundbreaking contributions to advance the study of SLA, and remains one of the leading figures in the field. She is the winner of numerous local, national, and international awards.

Jennifer Behney is Associate Professor of Italian and Applied Linguistics in the Department of World Languages and Cultures at Youngstown State University. Her work has appeared in Foreign Language Annals, Studies in Second Language Acquisition, and several book chapters, and she was co-editor of a volume on salience in SLA. She was the recipient of the 2019 Ed Allen Award for Outstanding College World Language Instructor.

Luke Plonsky (PhD, Michigan State University) is Associate Professor of Applied Linguistics at Northern Arizona University, where he teaches courses in SLA and research methods. His work in these areas can be found in over seventy articles, book chapters, and books. Luke is Senior Associate Editor of Studies in Second Language Acquisition, Managing Editor of Foreign Language Annals, Co-Editor of de Gruyter Mouton's Series on Language Acquisition, and Co-Director of the IRIS Database (iris-database.org). In addition to prior appointments at Georgetown University and University College London, Luke has taught in Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Puerto Rico, and Spain.