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Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy Revised edition [Pehme köide]

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First published in 1951, Shamanism soon became the standard work in the study of this mysterious and fascinating phenomenon. Writing as the founder of the modern study of the history of religion, Romanian emigre--scholar Mircea Eliade (1907-1986) surveys the practice of Shamanism over two and a half millennia of human history, moving from the Shamanic traditions of Siberia and Central Asia--where Shamanism was first observed--to North and South America, Indonesia, Tibet, China, and beyond. In this authoritative survey, Eliade illuminates the magico-religious life of societies that give primacy of place to the figure of the Shaman--at once magician and medicine man, healer and miracle-doer, priest, mystic, and poet. Synthesizing the approaches of psychology, sociology, and ethnology, Shamanism will remain for years to come the reference book of choice for those intrigued by this practice.

Arvustused

"Eliade writes of the shamans with that masterly combination of sympathy and detachment... [ His] findings will almost certainly be echoed by great voices of the future."--New York Times Book Review "Eliade is the most informative guide to the modern mythologies."--Frank Kermode, New Statesman "[ A] close and detailed yet comparative study of shamanism... [ It] has become the standard work on the subject and justifies its claim to be the first book to study the phenomenon over a wide field and in a properly religious context."--Times Literary Supplement "Clearly the best work on Shamanism published so far."--The Review of Religion

Foreword to the 2004 Edition xi
Foreword xvii
Note on Orthography xxix
General Considerations. Recruiting Methods. Shamanism and Mystical Vocation
3(30)
Approaches
3(10)
The Bestowal of Shamanic Powers
13(2)
Recruiting of Shamans in Western and Central Siberia
15(2)
Recruiting among the Tungus
17(1)
Recruiting among the Buryat and the Altaians
18(2)
Hereditary Transmission and Quest in Obtaining Shamanic Powers
20(3)
Shamanism and Psychopathology
23(10)
Initiatory Sicknesses and Dreams
33(34)
Sickness-Initiation
33(2)
Initiatory Ecstasies and Visions of the Yakut Shamans
35(3)
Initiatory Dreams of the Samoyed Shamans
38(5)
Initiation among the Tungus, the Buryat, and Others
43(2)
Initiation of Australian Magicians
45(5)
Australian -- Siberian -- South American and Other Paralles
50(3)
Initiatory Dismemberment in North and South America, Africa, and Indonesia
53(5)
Initiation of Eskimo Shamans
58(4)
Contemplating One's Own Skeleton
62(2)
Tribal Initiations and Secret Societies
64(3)
Obtaining Shamanic Powers
67(43)
Siberian Myths concerning the Origin of Shamans
68(3)
Shamanic Election among the Goldi and the Yakut
71(4)
Election among the Buryat and the Teleut
75(4)
The Shaman's Female Tutelary Spirits
79(2)
Role of the Souls of the Dead
81(4)
``Seeing the Spirits''
85(3)
The Helping Spirits
88(8)
``Secret Language'' -- ``Animal Language''
96(3)
The Quest for Shamanic Powers in North America
99(11)
Shamanic Initiation
110(35)
Initiation among the Tungus and the Manchu
110(3)
Yakut, Samoyed, and Ostyak Initiations
113(2)
Buryat Initiation
115(7)
Initiation of the Araucanian Shamaness
122(3)
Ritual Tree Climbing
125(2)
Celestial Journey of the Carib Shaman
127(4)
Ascent by the Rainbow
131(4)
Australian Initiations
135(4)
Other Forms of the Rite of Ascent
139(6)
Symbolism of the Shaman's Costume and Drum
145(36)
Preliminary Remarks
145(3)
The Siberian Costume
148(1)
The Buryat Costume
149(3)
The Altaic Costume
152(1)
The Shaman's Mirrors and Caps
153(3)
Ornithological Symbolism
156(2)
Symbolism of the Skeleton
158(2)
Rebirth from the Bones
160(5)
Shamanic Masks
165(3)
The Shamanic Drum
168(8)
Ritual Costumes and Magical Drums throughout the World
176(5)
Shamanism in Central and North Asia: I. Celestial Ascents. Descents to the Underworld
181(34)
The Shaman's Functions
181(3)
``Black'' and ``White'' Shamans. ``Dualistic'' Mythologies
184(6)
Horse Sacrifice and the Shaman's Ascent to the Sky (Altaic)
190(8)
Bai Ulgan and the Altaic Shaman
198(2)
Descent to the Underworld (Altaic)
200(5)
The Shaman as Psychopomp (Altaians, Goldi, Yurak)
205(10)
Shamanism in Central and North Asia: II. Magical Cures. The Shaman as Psychopomp
215(44)
Summoning and Searching for the Soul: Tatars, Buryat, Kazak-Kirgiz
217(3)
The Shamanic Seance among the Ugrians and Lapps
220(5)
Seances among the Ostyak, the Yurak, and the Samoyed
225(3)
Shamanism among the Yakut and the Dolgan
228(8)
Shamanic Seances among the Tungus and the Orochi
236(9)
Yukagir Shamanism
245(4)
Religion and Shamanism among the Koryak
249(3)
Shamanism among the Chukchee
252(7)
Shamanism and Cosmology
259(29)
The Three Cosmic Zones and the World Pillar
259(7)
The Cosmic Mountain
266(3)
The World Tree
269(5)
The Mystical Numbers 7 and 9
274(5)
Shamanism and Cosmology in the Oceanian Region
279(9)
Shamanism in North and South America
288(49)
Shamanism among the Eskimo
288(9)
North American Shamanism
297(3)
The Shamanic Seance in North America
300(2)
Shamanic Healing among the Paviotso
302(3)
The Shamanic Seance among the Achomawi
305(3)
Descent to the Underworld
308(5)
Secret Brotherhoods and Shamanism
313(10)
South American Shamanism: Various Rituals
323(3)
Shamanic Healing
326(7)
Antiquity of Shamanism in the Two Americas
333(4)
Southeast Asian and Oceanian Shamanism
337(38)
Shamanic Beliefs and Techniques among the Semang, Sakai, and the Jakun
337(5)
Shamanism in the Andaman Islands and Nicobar
342(2)
Malayan Shamanism
344(2)
Shamans and Priests in Sumatra
346(3)
Shamanism in Borneo and Celebes
349(6)
The ``Boat of the Dead'' and the Shamanic Boat
355(4)
Otherworld Journeys among the Dyak
359(2)
Melanesian Shamanism
361(5)
Polynesian Shamanism
366(9)
Shamanic Ideologies and Techniques among the Indo-Europeans
375(53)
Preliminary Remarks
375(4)
Techniques of Ecstasy among the Ancient Germans
379(8)
Ancient Greece
387(7)
Scythians, Caucasians, Iranians
394(9)
Ancient India: Ascensional Rites
403(4)
Ancient India: Magical Flight
407(5)
Tapas and Diksa
412(2)
``Shamanic'' Symbolisms and Techniques in India
414(7)
Shamanism among the Aboriginal Tribes of India
421(7)
Shamanic Symbolisms and Techniques in Tibet, China, and the Far East
428(38)
Buddhism, Tantrism, Lamaism
428(13)
Shamanic Practices among the Lolo
441(3)
Shamanism among the Moso
444(3)
Shamanic Symbolisms and Techniques in China
447(14)
Mongolia, Korea, Japan
461(5)
Parallel Myths, Symbols, and Rites
466(29)
Dog and Horse
466(4)
Shamans and Smiths
470(4)
``Magical Heat''
474(3)
``Magical Flight,''
477(5)
The Bridge and the ``Difficult Passage,''
482(5)
The Ladder--The Road of the Dead--Ascension
487(8)
Conclusions
495(13)
The Formation of North Asian Shamanism
495(13)
Epilogue 508(5)
List of Works Cited 513(58)
Index 571
Born in Bucharest in 1907, Mircea Eliade was for many years Sewell L. Avery Distinguished Service Professor of the History of Religions at the University of Chicago. He is author of, among other books, "Images and Symbols: Studies in Religious Symbolism, Myth of the Eternal Return", and "Yoga: Immortality and Freedom" (all Princeton). Wendy Doniger is Mircea Eliade Distinguished Service Professor of the History of Religions at the University of Chicago. Her books include "The Bedtrick: Tales of Sex and Masquerade, The Implied Spider", and "Splitting the Difference: Gender and Myth in Ancient Greece and India". Her translations of such texts as "The Rig Veda, The Law of Manu", and the "Kamasutra" have garnered wide praise.