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Short Reference Grammar of Moroccan Arabic [Pehme köide]

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Teised raamatud teemal:
Short Reference Grammar of Moroccan ArabicSuurem pilt
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781589017610.html
Conceived to be a practical reference grammar for those who may have basic skills in Moroccan Arabic, this classic volume teaches the phonology, morphology, and syntax of the dialect. Originally published in 1962, A Short Reference Grammar of Moroccan Arabic features the spoken language of the urban speakers of the northwestern part of Morocco, especially Fez, Rabat, and Casablanca. The Arabic has been transcribed for the English-speaking student. The accompanying audio files, keyed to the text, demonstrate the pronunciation of the Arabic transcribed in the book.
Contents of the Audio Files xv
Arabic Research at Georgetown University xvii
The History of the Arabic Research Program, Institute of Languages and Linguistics, Georgetown University xviii
Foreword to the Georgetown Classics Edition xx
Author's Preface xxi
PART ONE PHONOLOGY
1(20)
I The Individual Sounds
3(13)
1 Consonants
3(7)
(a) The individual consonants
3(5)
(b) The emphatic consonants
8(1)
(c) The labialization of consonants
9(1)
2 Vowels
10(4)
3 Diphthongs
14(2)
II The Interchange of Sounds Within Words
16(5)
1 Consonants
16(1)
2 Semi-vowels
16(1)
3 Vowels and diphthongs
17(1)
4 Final syllable variation
17(1)
5 Elision and inversion of variable vowels
17(4)
(a) Elision
18(1)
(b) Inversion
18(1)
(c) Base alteration
19(2)
PART TWO MORPHOLOGY
21(128)
I General Morphological Notions
23(6)
1 The root and the pattern
23(1)
2 Types of roots
23(2)
(a) Triliteral
24(1)
(b) Quadriliteral
24(1)
(c) Atypical
25(1)
3 Types of patterns
25(1)
4 Root structure and word derivation
25(1)
5 Stems and affixes
25(1)
6 The symbolization of root and word structure
26(3)
II The Verb---Derivation
29(11)
1 The measures of the triliteral verb
29(6)
1 Measure I
29(2)
2 Measure II
31(1)
3 Measure III
32(1)
4 Measures Ia, IIa(V), and IIIa(VI)
33(1)
5 Measures IV, VII, VIII, IX, and X
34(1)
2 The quadriliteral verb
35(1)
3 The meaning of the verb patterns
35(4)
(a) Colorless patterns
36(1)
(b) Measure II
36(1)
(c) Measure IX
37(1)
(d) Measures I and II as related to Measures Ia and IIa(V)
37(1)
(e) Measure IIIa(VI)
38(1)
(f) The derived quadriliteral form
38(1)
4 Exceptions to the root and pattern system
39(1)
III The Verb---Inflection
40(17)
I General characteristics
40(1)
1 Inflectional categories
40(1)
2 Inflectional forms
40(1)
3 The verb system
40(1)
II The inflection of the perfect tense
41(4)
1 The inflectional suffixes
41(1)
(a) The alternate forms for `she'
41(1)
(b) The alternate forms for `you' (pl.) and `they'
42(1)
2 Verb stem classes
42(1)
(a) Stems ending in -eC
42(1)
(b) Stems ending in -aC
43(1)
(c) Stems ending in a double consonant
44(1)
(d) Stems ending in -a
45(1)
III The inflection of the imperfect tense
45(8)
1 The inflectional affixes
45(1)
(a) The plural forms
46(1)
(b) The first person
46(1)
(c) The second person
46(1)
(d) The third person
47(1)
2 Verb stem classes
48(1)
(a) Stems ending in ~eC
48(1)
(b) Meausre I hollow verbs
49(1)
(c) Measures I and Ia of doubled roots
50(1)
(d) Stems ending in -a
51(2)
(e) Invariable stems
53(1)
IV The inflection of the imperative
53(4)
(a) Stems ending in -eC
54(1)
(b) Measure I hollow verbs
54(1)
(c) Measures I and Ia of doubled roots
55(1)
(d) Stems ending in -a
55(1)
(e) Invariable stems
56(1)
IV Noun and Adjective Derivation
57(38)
I The participles
57(2)
1 The active participle of Measure I
57(1)
2 The passive participle of Measure I
57(1)
3 Verbs with only one participle
58(1)
4 Limitations of participle formation
58(1)
5 Classicized participles
59(1)
6 Irregular participles
59(1)
II The adjective pattern Feε Lan
59(1)
III The verbal noun
60(5)
1 Measure I
61(2)
2 Measure II
63(1)
3 Measure III
63(1)
4 Measures Ia, IIa(V), and IIIa(VI)
64(1)
5 Measures VII, VIII, IX, and X
64(1)
6 The quadriliterals
65(1)
IV The noun of instance
65(1)
V The noun-adjective of profession and personal characteristic
66(1)
VI The nisba
67(11)
1 The nisba suffix
67(2)
2 Nisba stems
69(1)
(a) From singular nouns
69(1)
(b) From plural nouns
69(1)
(c) From the pseudo-plural stem CCayC-
70(1)
(d) From the adverbial-prepositional particles of spatial relation
71(1)
(e) From numerals
71(1)
(f) Miscellaneous stems
72(1)
(g) Nisbas with stems which do not exist independently
72(1)
3 The nisba as a relational adjective
72(2)
4 The nisba of profession and personal characteristic
74(4)
VII Collectives
78(3)
VIII The diminutive
81(4)
1 Monosyllables
81(1)
2 The stem patterns Feε L- and Foε L- plus a vowel
82(1)
3 Middle-weak stems with a final vowel
83(1)
4 The stem patterns Fε aLa and Fε uLa
83(1)
5 Words with four consonants
83(1)
6 Three-consonant words with a stable vowel between the first and second consonants
84(1)
7 Miscellaneous
85(1)
IX The comparative
85(2)
1 The patterns Fε iL, Fε uL, and Faε eL
86(1)
2 The pattern FiyyeL
86(1)
3 The Fε iL pattern from double roots
86(1)
4 The final-weak patterns Fε i and Fε u
86(1)
5 The adjectives of color and defect
86(1)
6 Irregularities
86(1)
X Adjectives of color and defect
87(1)
XI The abstract noun of profession and personal characteristic
88(1)
XII Numerals
89(6)
1 The cardinals
89(1)
(a) The cardinals from one through ten
90(1)
(b) The cardinals from eleven through nineteen
91(1)
(c) The cardinal decades
91(1)
(d) The hundreds
91(1)
(e) The thousands
92(1)
(f) Larger numbers
93(1)
2 The ordinals
93(1)
3 The fractions
94(1)
V Noun and Adjective Inflection
95(39)
I Gender
95(5)
1 The adjective
95(2)
2 The noun
97(1)
(a) Feminine nouns not ending in -a
98(1)
(b) Masculine nouns ending in -a
99(1)
II Number---The dual
100(1)
III Number---The plural
101(27)
1 Sound plurals in -in
102(1)
(a) The participles, except those of Measure I used as nouns
102(1)
(b) All nisba adjectives and some nisba nouns
103(1)
(c) All diminutive adjectives
103(1)
(d) The ordinal numerals
103(1)
(e) Adjectives of the Feε Lan pattern
104(1)
(f) Adjectives of the Feε ε aL pattern
104(1)
(g) Adjectives of the meFε aL pattern
104(1)
(h) Some adjectives of the Fε iL pattern
104(1)
(i) Verbal adjectives of the Feε LaC patterns
104(1)
(j) Adjectives on the pattern FiyyeL
104(1)
(k) Non-patterned
105(1)
2 Sound plurals with -a
105(1)
(a) The Feε ε aL noun pattern of professional or habitual activity
106(1)
(b) Nouns ending in -i
106(1)
(c) The quadriliteral noun pattern Feε LaC
107(1)
3 Sound plurals with -(a)t
107(1)
(a) All diminutive nouns
107(1)
(b) All nouns of unity from collectives
108(1)
(c) Almost all nouns ending in -iya
108(1)
(d) Almost all nouns of the Feε ε aLa pattern which refer to human females
109(1)
(e) Sex-gender pairs
109(1)
(f) The nouns of instance Feε La and teFeε iLa
110(1)
(g) All nouns of the patterns mFaε La, muFaε aLa, tFeε ya, and tFeε LiCa
111(1)
(h) All feminine participles used as nouns and except the active partciple of Measure I
112(1)
(i) Most nouns ending in -u
112(1)
(j) Most nouns on the pattern Fε a
113(1)
(k) Miscellaneous
113(1)
4 The broken plural
113(1)
(a) The plural pattern CCaCeC
113(3)
(b) The plural pattern Fε aL
116(1)
(1) Singular pattern Feε L, Foε L
116(1)
(2) The singular pattern Fε iL
117(1)
(3) The singular pattern Fε eL, Fε oL
117(1)
(4) The singular pattern Feε La, Foε La
117(1)
(c) The plural pattern Fε aLi
118(2)
(d) The plural pattern Fε uL
120(1)
(e) The plural pattern Fε uLa
121(1)
(f) The plural pattern Fε aLa
121(1)
(g) The plural pattern Foε ε al
122(1)
(h) The plural pattern FiLan
123(1)
(i) The plural pattern Foε Lan, Feε Lan
123(1)
(j) The plural pattern Fuε eL
124(1)
(k) The plural pattern Fε eL
125(1)
(l) The plural pattern CaCaCiC
125(1)
(m) The plural pattern CuCaCa
125(1)
(n) The plural pattern Feε La, Foε La
126(1)
(o) The plural pattern CCaCCa
126(1)
(p) The plural pattern? aCCiya
126(1)
(q) The plural pattern Fuε uL
126(1)
(r) The plural pattern Fε i
127(1)
(s) The plural pattern CaCaCi
127(1)
(t) The plural pattern Fε iL
127(1)
(u) Some miscellaneous broken plurals
127(1)
V The combining form
128(6)
1 Feminine nouns ending in -a
129(3)
2 Masculine nouns ending in -a
132(1)
3 Plural nouns ending in -a
132(1)
4 Feminine singular adjectives
133(1)
VI Pronouns
134(12)
I The personal pronouns: Independent, suffixed
134(9)
1 Stems to which suffixed pronouns are attached
135(1)
2 The alternate forms of the pronoun endings
135(1)
3 Special details with verb stems
136(1)
(a) Limitations of person
136(1)
(b) The third person feminine singular of the perfect tense
136(1)
(c) Ambiguities with the ending -u
137(1)
(d) The suffixed prepositional form
138(2)
4 Special details with noun stems
140(2)
5 Special details with particles and prepositions
142(1)
II The demonstrative pronouns
143(1)
III The interrogative pronouns
144(1)
IV The indefinite pronouns
145(1)
VII The Articles
146(3)
1 The definite article
146(1)
2 The indefinite articles
147(1)
3 The general demonstrative article
147(1)
4 The far demonstrative article
148(1)
PART THREE SYNTAX
149(2)
SECTION ONE THE SENTENCE
151(22)
I Some General Procedures
151(8)
I Interrogation
151(1)
II Negation
152(4)
1 Basic procedure
152(1)
2 The negative imperative
152(1)
3 Additional negative forms
153(1)
4 The categorical negative
154(1)
5 Verb phrases
155(1)
6 Negation in subordinate clauses
155(1)
7 Non-verbal negation
155(1)
III Gender and number
156(3)
1 Regular agreement
156(1)
2 Agreement of the dual
157(1)
3 Inanimate plurals as feminine singulars
158(1)
4 The feminine as neuter
158(1)
5 Words denoting pairs
158(1)
6 Numerals
158(1)
II The Simple Sentence
159(3)
1 The simple equational sentence
159(1)
2 The simple verbal sentence
160(1)
3 The expansion of the simple sentence
160(2)
III The Complex Sentence
162(11)
1 Complex sentences without a linking conjunction
162(2)
2 The relatives lli and as
164(2)
3 Circumstantial u `and'
166(1)
4 The interrogatives
167(1)
5 Conditional sentences
168(5)
(a) Impossible conditions
168(2)
(b) Possible conditions
170(3)
SECTION TWO THE PARTS OF SPEECH
173(46)
I The Verb
173(13)
1 The simple verb
173(6)
(a) The perfect tense
173(1)
(b) The imperfect tense
174(1)
(c) The imperative
175(1)
(d) The durative
176(2)
(e) The active participle
178(1)
2 The verb phrase
179(7)
(a) The auxiliary kan
179(1)
(b) The auxiliary bda
180(1)
(c) The auxiliary bqa
181(1)
(d) The auxiliary bga
182(1)
(e) The auxiliary verbs of motion
183(1)
(f) The auxiliary gadi
183(1)
(g) The auxiliary tenum
184(1)
(h) The auxiliary ε awed `to return'
184(1)
(i) The auxiliary xess `must, to have to'
185(1)
II The Noun
186(18)
I General functions
186(1)
II Modifications
186(18)
1 Definition
186(1)
(a) The prefixless noun
186(3)
(b) The indefinite articles
189(1)
(c) The definite article
189(1)
(d) The demonstrative articles
190(1)
2 Annexion
191(1)
(a) The construct state
192
(1) Constructs in which both the first and second terms are nouns
191(1)
(2) Constructs in which the second term is a pronoun
192(1)
(3) Constructs in which the first term is an adjective
193(1)
(4) Complex constructs
193(1)
(5) The limitations of the construct
194(1)
(1) Body parts
194(2)
(2) Verbal nouns
196(1)
(3) Kinship terms
196(1)
(4) The particle mul
197(1)
(5) Time words
198(1)
(6) Quantifiers
199(1)
(7) Uah `God'
200(1)
(8) Ben `son' and ε ebd `slave'
200(1)
(9) Miscellaneous
200(2)
(b) Analytic annexion
202(1)
3 Pronominal possession
203(1)
III The Adjective
204(2)
I The adjective as a noun
204(1)
II The adjective as a noun modifier
204(2)
1 The attributive adjective
204(1)
2 The predicate adjective
205(1)
3 Comparison
205(1)
IV Numerals
206(2)
V Particles
208(11)
1 Prepositions
208(3)
2 The particles of spatial relation
211(1)
3 Conjunctions
211(2)
4 Interrogative adverbs
213(1)
5 The presentational particles
214(1)
6 The vocative
215(4)
APPENDIX: TEXTS IN URBAN MOROCCAN ARABIC
Louis Brunot
Richard S. Harrell
Preface 219
1 Vacation in Fez
220(1)
2 Alms
220(1)
3 The Mortmains of Fez
221(2)
4 Commercial Tribunal
223(1)
5 How to Make the Husband Obey
224(1)
6 The Muezzin
225(2)
7 Legends of the Prophet
227(1)
8 The Grocer who Sacrificed His Children for the Idrissides
228(1)
9 Our Lady Kessaba of Rabat
229(1)
10 Jha Learns to Pray
230(1)
11 The Request for Rain
231(1)
12 Song of the Rain
232(1)
13 To Make the Rain Stop
233(2)
14 The Vampires
235(1)
15 Buried Treasures
236(1)
16 Animal Spirits
237(1)
17 The Evil Eye
238(2)
18 Children and the Last Judgment
240(1)
19 The Left-Handed Saint
240(2)
20 The Adoration of Stones
242(1)
21 I Became the Chief of a Religious Brotherhood
243(1)
22 Bones from the Great Feast
244(1)
23 Child Entertainer
245(2)
24 Divorce on Account of the Sheep of l-ε id l-kbir
247(1)
25 Distribution of the Blessed Objects of Pilgrims
248(1)
26 The State of Slaves
249(1)
27 Visiting the Sick
250(2)
28 Education in the Family
252(2)
29 Magnanimity and Generosity
254(1)
30 Jha and the Feast of Ramadan
255(1)
31 The Magic Stone
256(1)
32 The Magic Stone (continuation)
257(1)
33 The Magic Stone (end)
257(1)
34 A Muslim Saint
258(1)
35 Bugbear
259(1)
36 The Bugbear of Fez
260(1)
37 The Market Inspector
260(1)
38 Festival
260(1)
39 The Little Girl's First Fast
261(1)
40 Sacrificial Ritual
261(1)
41 Legal Testimony
262(1)
42 Stomach Trouble
262