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Sigma Delta A/D Conversion for Signal Conditioning [Kõva köide]

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Sigma Delta A/D Conversion for Signal ConditioningSuurem pilt
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Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781402046797.html
Märksõnad:
SigmaDelta A/D Conversion for Signal Conditioning addresses the application of continuous-time SigmaDelta A/D converters in receivers for a.o. wireless communication. In particular, it focuses on their assets for digitizing such channels.The book gives an overview of the state-of-the-art in SigmaDelta design and of the challenges for future realizations. It provides an understanding of the fundamental power efficiency of SigmaDelta converters. In addition, it presents an analysis of the power consumption in the decimation filter. Understanding these power/performance trade-offs, it becomes clear that straight-forward digitization of a conditioning channel, i.e. exchanging analog for digital conditioning, comes at a major power penalty. This book proposes an alternative vision on digitization: because of its inherent immunity to interferers, part of the signal conditioning can be integrated into the continuous-time SigmaDelta A/D converter. This approach results in a major improvement of the power/performance balance of the entire channel. The various aspects of the interferer immunity of the converter are analyzed in much detail and improved SigmaDelta topologies with even higher immunity are presented. Design examples for highly digitized AM/FM and Bluetooth radios serve as an illustration. The examples include detailed circuit diagrams, simulation and test results, as well as an evaluation of the SigmaDelta-based conditioning channel as compared to more conventional solutions.The book is essential reading for mixed-signal and RF designers who want to familiarize with the basics of SigmaDelta design. For the experienced designer and for the system architect, the book provides an in-depth understanding of the major assets of SigmaDelta converters in digitized receivers.

The book gives an overview of the state-of-the-art in SigmaDelta design and of the challenges for future realizations. It provides an understanding of the fundamental power efficiency of SigmaDelta converters. In addition, it presents an analysis of the power consumption in the decimation filter. Understanding these power/performance trade-offs, it becomes clear that straight-forward digitization of a conditioning channel, i.e. exchanging analog for digital conditioning, comes at a major power penalty.
List of symbols and abbreviations ix
1 Introduction
1(8)
1.1 Background
1(3)
1.2 Scope
4(2)
1.3 Outline
6(3)
2 The signal conditioning channel
9(12)
2.1 Generic communication channel
9(1)
2.2 Performance parameters
10(1)
2.3 Conventional conditioning channels
10(1)
2.4 Evolution
11(6)
2.4.1 Technology advances
12(1)
2.4.2 System demands
13(1)
2.4.3 Advances in digital signal processing and analog circuit design
14(1)
2.4.4 Digitization of the architecture
14(3)
2.5 Nomenclature
17(2)
2.6 Conclusions
19(2)
3 ΣΔ A/D conversion
21(16)
3.1 Historical overview
21(1)
3.2 State-of-the-art in ΣΔ A/D conversion
22(7)
3.2.1 Architectural considerations
23(3)
3.2.2 Implementation aspects
26(2)
3.2.3 Performance metrics for ΣΔ ADCs
28(1)
3.3 ΣΔ ADCs in future conditioning channels
29(3)
3.3.1 The Shannon theorem and ΣΔ based signal conditioning
29(1)
3.3.2 Comparison of Nyquist and ΣΔ based signal conditioning
30(2)
3.3.3 Survey of published power/performance values
32(1)
3.4 Limitations of ΣΔ A/D conversion
32(2)
3.4.1 Linear limitations
33(1)
3.4.2 Non-linear limitations
33(1)
3.5 Conclusions
34(3)
4 Power consumption in channel building blocks
37(20)
4.1 Literature on power/performance analysis
37(1)
4.2 Figures-of-merit
38(3)
4.2.1 FOM related to thermal noise
38(1)
4.2.2 FOM including distortion
39(1)
4.2.3 FOM related to signal resolution
39(2)
4.3 Power consumption in analog conditioning circuits
41(3)
4.3.1 Power/performance relations
41(1)
4.3.2 Discussion
42(2)
4.4 Power consumption in a EA ADC
44(3)
4.4.1 Power/performance relations
44(1)
4.4.2 Discussion
45(2)
4.5 Power consumption in digital conditioning circuits
47(5)
4.5.1 Filter functions
49(1)
4.5.2 Power/performance relations
50(1)
4.5.3 Discussion
50(2)
4.6 Comparison
52(3)
4.7 Conclusions
55(2)
5 Full-analog and full-digital conditioning channels
57(10)
5.1 Full-analog conditioning channel
57(2)
5.1.1 The conditioning channel
58(1)
5.2 Full-digital conditioning channel
59(6)
5.2.1 The conditioning channel
59(2)
5.2.2 Power/performance analysis
61(4)
5.3 Conclusions
65(2)
6 Conditioning ΣΔ ADCs
67(38)
6.1 Generic conditioning ΣΔ ADC
67(12)
6.1.1 Concept of operation
67(5)
6.1.2 Universal model of a ΣΔ modulator
72(1)
6.1.3 Interferer immunity
72(5)
6.1.4 Power/performance analysis
77(2)
6.2 Signal conditioning in the decimation filter
79(5)
6.2.1 Interferer immunity
80(1)
6.2.2 The conditioning channel
81(1)
6.2.3 Power/performance analysis
82(2)
6.3 Signal conditioning with a restricted filtering STF
84(10)
6.3.1 Interferer immunity
85(2)
6.3.2 The conditioning channel
87(2)
6.3.3 Power/performance analysis
89(3)
6.3.4 Conditioning hybrid ΣΔ ADC
92(2)
6.4 Signal conditioning by unrestricted STF design
94(5)
6.4.1 Interferer immunity
96(2)
6.4.2 The conditioning channel
98(1)
6.4.3 Power/performance analysis
98(1)
6.5 Comparison of conditioning ADCs
99(4)
6.5.1 Comparison of topologies
100(1)
6.5.2 Flexibility
101(1)
6.5.3 Power consumption
102(1)
6.5.4 Guidelines
103(1)
6.6 Conclusions
103(2)
7 Digitization of the inter-die interface
105(8)
7.1 Considerations
105(1)
7.2 Power in the interface
106(4)
7.2.1 Analog interface
108(1)
7.2.2 Digital interface after decimation
108(1)
7.2.3 Digital interface before decimation
108(2)
7.2.4 Comparison
110(1)
7.3 Application to the conditioning channels
110(1)
7.4 Conclusions
111(2)
8 Highly analog and highly digital channels for FM/AM radio
113(26)
8.1 System
113(3)
8.1.1 Conventional radio with analog demodulation
114(1)
8.1.2 Radio with digital demodulation
115(1)
8.2 VGA design
116(8)
8.2.1 Highly linear VGA design
117(3)
8.2.2 Evaluation
120(4)
8.3 ADC design
124(11)
8.3.1 Conventional solutions
124(1)
8.3.2 ΣΔ ADC with integrated passive mixer
125(6)
8.3.3 Evaluation
131(4)
8.4 Evaluation of the channel
135(2)
8.4.1 Discussion
135(1)
8.4.2 Benchmark
136(1)
8.5 Conclusions
137(2)
9 Conditioning ΣΔ ADCs for Bluetooth
139(52)
9.1 System
139(3)
9.1.1 Conventional radio with analog demodulation
140(1)
9.1.2 Radio with digital demodulation and analog signal-conditioning
141(1)
9.1.3 Radio with digital demodulation, without analog signal-conditioning
g141
9.2 Feed forward ΣΔ ADC
142(14)
9.2.1 Design
143(7)
9.2.2 Evaluation
150(6)
9.3 Conditioning feedback EA ADC
156(14)
9.3.1 Design
157(6)
9.3.2 Evaluation
163(7)
9.4 FFB-ADC
170(11)
9.4.1 Design
171(5)
9.4.2 Evaluation
176(5)
9.5 Evaluation of the channels
181(7)
9.5.1 Benchmark with published ADCs
182(1)
9.5.2 Comparison of the presented ADCs
182(5)
9.5.3 Benchmark with published Bluetooth conditioning channels
187(1)
9.6 Conclusions
188(3)
10 General conclusions 191(24)
A Overview of published ΣΔ ADCs
193(6)
B Power/performance relation of analog circuits
199(4)
B.1 Simple differential pair
199(1)
B.2 Differential pair in a global feed-back configuration
200(1)
B.3 Degenerated differential pair
201(2)
C Power/performance relation of digital filters
203(4)
C.1 Analysis of the filter topology
203(1)
C.2 Calculation of filter parameters
204(1)
C.3 Calculation of power consumption
205(1)
C.4 Extension to other implementations
206(1)
D Third-order distortion in analog circuits and ΣΔ ADCs
207(4)
E Power consumption in a data interface
211(4)
E.1 Analog data interface
211(1)
E.2 Digital data interface
212(3)
References 215


Kathleen Philips was born in 1972, in Aalst, Belgium. In 1992 and in 1995, respectively, she obtained the B. Sc. and the M. Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering from the "Katholieke Universiteit Leuven" in Belgium. The graduation project was on the design of monolithic microwave ICs based on HEMT-transistors.



In the summer of 1993, she did a traineeship at the IMEC, Belgium, on methodologies to evaluate contamination in IC technology steps.



In September 1995, she started working in the Mixed-signal Circuits and Systems group of the Philips Research Laboratories in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, where she is now a senior research scientist. She respectively worked on the design of D/A converters and class-D amplifiers for audio, sigma delta A/D conversion for FM and AMradio, variable-gain amplifiers, sigma delta design for UMTS and for Bluetooth receivers. Her research interests also include the system-level design of transceivers for wireless communication.



In the fall of 1997, she was seconded to Philips Semiconductors, France, on the topic of PLL design. Another secondment in 2000, to the Philips Research Laboratories in the United Kingdom, involved the study of third-generation mobile receivers and the derivation of circuit specifications.



The author was a lecturer in the Educational Sessions of the IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference in 2003 and 2004. From 2005 on, she also serves in the technical program committee of this conference.