Preface |
|
xiii | |
|
1 Brief introduction to PLECS |
|
|
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
2 Basics of circuit simulation with PLECS |
|
|
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
2.1 Example 2.1: Resistive voltage divider |
|
|
5 | (38) |
|
2.1.1 Preparing the simulation |
|
|
6 | (15) |
|
2.1.2 Adding title to the scope |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
2.1.3 Setting the axis limits |
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
2.1.4 Change the properties of the shown waveform |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
2.1.5 Reading the values using cursors |
|
|
24 | (2) |
|
|
26 | (3) |
|
2.1.7 Exporting the scope block waveforms |
|
|
29 | (2) |
|
2.1.8 Exporting the drawn schematic |
|
|
31 | (4) |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
2.1.10 Changing the block names |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
2.1.11 Hiding the block names |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
2.1.12 Adding text to the schematic |
|
|
35 | (2) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
38 | (5) |
|
2.2 Example 2.2: RC circuit analysis |
|
|
43 | (31) |
|
2.2.1 Preparing the simulation |
|
|
43 | (5) |
|
2.2.2 Specifying the initial condition |
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
2.2.3 Showing two or more waveforms simultaneously on the same axis |
|
|
50 | (4) |
|
2.2.4 Multiple input scope |
|
|
54 | (5) |
|
|
59 | (7) |
|
2.2.6 Simulation of control systems |
|
|
66 | (6) |
|
2.2.7 Getting help in PLECS |
|
|
72 | (2) |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
74 | (2) |
|
3 Basics of power electronic circuits simulation with PLECS |
|
|
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
3.1 Example 3.1: MOSFET with resistive load |
|
|
76 | (28) |
|
3.1.1 Preparing the simulation |
|
|
76 | (6) |
|
3.1.2 Measuring the average and RMS of waveforms |
|
|
82 | (4) |
|
3.1.3 Measuring the power dissipated in the load resistor |
|
|
86 | (3) |
|
|
89 | (8) |
|
3.1.5 Measuring the input power |
|
|
97 | (4) |
|
3.1.6 Generating the PWM signal using ready-to-use blocks |
|
|
101 | (3) |
|
3.2 Example 3.2: Uncontrolled single-phase half-wave rectifier |
|
|
104 | (23) |
|
3.2.1 Preparing the simulation |
|
|
104 | (3) |
|
3.2.2 Harmonic content of output |
|
|
107 | (5) |
|
3.2.3 Measuring the RMS values of voltages/currents |
|
|
112 | (2) |
|
3.2.4 Capturing a period of output voltage/current |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
3.2.5 "Discrete RMS value" block |
|
|
116 | (4) |
|
3.2.6 "Discrete mean value" block |
|
|
120 | (2) |
|
3.2.7 Measuring the maximum/minimum of waveforms shown in the scope block |
|
|
122 | (2) |
|
3.2.8 Obtaining the load instantaneous power |
|
|
124 | (3) |
|
3.3 Example 3.3: Single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier |
|
|
127 | (4) |
|
3.3.1 Preparing the simulation |
|
|
128 | (3) |
|
3.3.2 Calculating the RMS, mean, max/min, etc. |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
3.4 Example 3.4: Single-phase full-wave controlled rectifier |
|
|
131 | (11) |
|
3.4.1 Preparing the simulation |
|
|
132 | (6) |
|
3.4.2 Calculating the average output voltage using the "Discrete Fourier transform" block 1 |
|
|
138 | (4) |
|
3.5 Example 3.5: 3 Phase full-wave controlled rectifier |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
3.5.1 Preparing the simulation |
|
|
142 | (3) |
|
3.5.2 Drawing more understandable schematics using "Electrical label," "Signal from," and "Signal goto" blocks |
|
|
145 | (5) |
|
|
150 | (2) |
|
3.6 Example 3.6: Boost converter |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
3.6.1 Preparing the simulation |
|
|
152 | (5) |
|
3.6.2 Simulating the circuit using the ready-to-use modulator |
|
|
157 | (2) |
|
3.6.3 Efficiency measurement |
|
|
159 | (5) |
|
3.7 Example 3.7: Obtaining the small signal transfer functions for a buck converter |
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
3.7.1 Preparing the simulation |
|
|
164 | (8) |
|
3.7.2 Comparison of different simulation results |
|
|
172 | (6) |
|
3.7.3 Importing the simulation results into the MATLAB |
|
|
178 | (2) |
|
3.8 Example 3.8: Mutual inductance |
|
|
180 | (8) |
|
3.8.1 Preparing the simulation |
|
|
180 | (6) |
|
3.8.2 Using parametric variables to specify the component values |
|
|
186 | (2) |
|
3.9 Example 3.9: 3-Phase inverter |
|
|
188 | (21) |
|
3.9.1 Preparing the simulation |
|
|
188 | (9) |
|
3.9.2 Calculating the total harmonic distortion (THD) |
|
|
197 | (7) |
|
3.9.3 "Fourier series" block |
|
|
204 | (5) |
|
3.10 Example 3.10: Simulation of electrical machines |
|
|
209 | (8) |
|
3.10.1 Preparing the simulation |
|
|
209 | (6) |
|
3.10.2 Monitoring using the probe block |
|
|
215 | (2) |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
4 Simulink® version of PLECS® |
|
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
4.2 Simulation of diode-clamped inverter |
|
|
219 | (5) |
|
4.3 Simulation of a diode-clamped multilevel inverter |
|
|
224 | (17) |
|
|
226 | (8) |
|
4.3.2 The PWM generation part |
|
|
234 | (6) |
|
4.3.3 Simulation of circuit |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
4.4 Sending/receiving signals to/from Simulink environment |
|
|
241 | (6) |
|
4.5 Simulation of a cascaded inverter |
|
|
247 | (14) |
|
4.6 Measurement with the probe block |
|
|
261 | (4) |
|
4.7 Extraction of frequency response of DC-DC converters |
|
|
265 | (8) |
|
4.8 Fitting a transfer function to obtained graph |
|
|
273 | (3) |
|
4.9 Designing a controller |
|
|
276 | (8) |
|
4.10 Obtaining the control-to-inductor current transfer function |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
4.11 Extraction of output impedance |
|
|
285 | (4) |
|
4.12 Steady-state analysis |
|
|
289 | (6) |
|
4.13 More simulation examples |
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
|
297 | (2) |
|
5 Thermal analysis of power electronics converters with PLECS |
|
|
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
5.2 Single-phase open-loop inverter |
|
|
300 | (2) |
|
5.3 Electrical simulation of single-phase inverter |
|
|
302 | (9) |
|
5.4 Thermal description of semiconductor switches |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (9) |
|
5.5.1 Turn-on switching losses for the IGBT |
|
|
312 | (5) |
|
5.5.2 Turn-off switching losses for the IGBT |
|
|
317 | (3) |
|
5.6 Conduction losses for the IGBT |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (3) |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
5.9 Saving the produced thermal model |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
5.10 Adding the produced model to thermal search path of PLECS |
|
|
326 | (2) |
|
5.11 Modeling losses of body diode |
|
|
328 | (3) |
|
5.11.1 The turn-on losses of body diode |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
5.11.2 The turn-off losses of body diode |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
5.11.3 The conduction losses of body diode |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
5.12 Thermal impedance of body diode |
|
|
331 | (4) |
|
|
335 | (13) |
|
5.13.1 Calculation of IGBT's losses |
|
|
337 | (5) |
|
5.13.2 Calculation of body diode's losses |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
5.13.3 Calculation of total losses |
|
|
342 | (6) |
|
5.14 Junction temperatures measurement |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
5.15 Running the simulation |
|
|
349 | (3) |
|
5.16 Designing the heat sink |
|
|
352 | (6) |
|
5.17 Effect of modulation technique on losses |
|
|
358 | (2) |
|
5.17.1 Review of unipolar PWM |
|
|
358 | (2) |
|
5.18 Calculation of losses for a unipolar PWM inverter |
|
|
360 | (3) |
|
|
363 | (2) |
|
6 Extraction of power electronics converters uncertainties with PLECS® |
|
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
6.2.1 Parametric uncertainty |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
6.2.2 Unstructured uncertainty |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
6.2.3 Structured uncertainty |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
6.3.1 Kharitonov's theorem |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
6.4 Case study: A zeta converter |
|
|
369 | (28) |
|
6.4.1 Analyzing the system without uncertainty |
|
|
370 | (10) |
|
6.4.2 Audio susceptibility |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
381 | (2) |
|
6.4.4 Using the PLECS® to extract the uncertain model of the DC-DC converters |
|
|
383 | (14) |
|
|
397 | (2) |
|
7 Simulation of magnetic circuits in PLECS |
|
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
399 | (6) |
|
|
400 | (2) |
|
7.2.2 Magnetic permeance block |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
7.2.3 Saturable core block |
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
7.2.4 Hysteretic core block |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
7.2.6 Leakage flux path block |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
7.3 Implementation of blocks |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
7.4 Some commonly used magnetic configuration |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
407 | (10) |
|
|
417 | (2) |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
419 | (3) |
|
8 Fundamental concepts of power electronic circuits |
|
|
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
8.4 Effective value of a signal |
|
|
425 | (7) |
|
8.4.1 Effective value of sum of two periodic signals |
|
|
429 | (2) |
|
8.4.2 Measurement of RMS of signals |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
8.5 Apparent power and power factor |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
8.6 Power computations for linear circuits |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
434 | (4) |
|
8.7.1 Fourier series of important waveshapes |
|
|
435 | (2) |
|
8.7.2 Calculation of average power using the Fourier series |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
8.8 Total harmonic distortion (THD) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
8.10 Ampere-second balance |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
8.11 MOSFET with resistive load |
|
|
441 | (2) |
|
8.12 Uncontrolled half-wave rectifier |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
8.13 Controlled half-wave rectifier |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (7) |
|
|
446 | (6) |
|
8.15 Calculation of output voltage of a buck converter operated in DCM |
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
8.16 Other types of DC-DC converters operating in DCM |
|
|
454 | (3) |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
8.16.2 Buck-boost converter |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
8.17 Dynamics of DC-DC converters |
|
|
457 | (17) |
|
8.17.1 Overview of state space averaging (SSA) |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
8.17.2 Dynamical model of buck converter |
|
|
459 | (15) |
|
8.18 PID controller design for converter |
|
|
474 | (4) |
|
8.19 Input/output impedance of converter |
|
|
478 | (8) |
|
8.20 Effect of feedback control on output impedance |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
8.21 Dynamic of buck-boost converter |
|
|
488 | (7) |
|
8.22 Dynamics of boost converter |
|
|
495 | (7) |
|
8.23 Dynamics of zeta converter |
|
|
502 | (13) |
|
|
515 | (6) |
|
8.24.1 Series H bridge inverters |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
8.24.2 Diode-clamped multilevel inverters |
|
|
519 | (2) |
|
|
521 | (5) |
|
|
526 | (1) |
Appendix A |
|
527 | (10) |
Appendix B Reading the graphs using online tools |
|
537 | (8) |
Index |
|
545 | |