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Sinography: The Borrowing and Adaptation of the Chinese Script [Kõva köide]

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In the more than 3,000 years since its invention, the Chinese script has been adapted many times to write languages other than Chinese, including Korean, Vietnamese, Japanese, and Zhuang. In Sinography: The Borrowing and Adaptation of the Chinese Script, Zev Handel provides a comprehensive analysis of how the structural features of these languages constrained and motivated methods of script adaptation. This comparative study reveals the universal principles at work in the borrowing of logographic scripts. By analyzing and explaining these principles, Handel advances our understanding of how early writing systems have functioned and spread, providing a new framework that can be applied to the history of scripts beyond East Asia, such as Sumerian and Akkadian cuneiform.

Arvustused

"All in all, for students and researchers working on topics related to premodern and early modern Sinographic East Asia or the Sinographic cosmopolis, Handels book is a must-read as it sheds new light on how, over nearly two millennia until the early twentieth century, modern-day East Asia was a tight-knit if virtual intellectual community thanks to the instrumental role played by the shared use of logographic Sinography. Readers with an interest in written Cantonese, a regional lingua franca in the Greater Bay Area in southern China, will also find it a valuable resource as it is often invoked in different parts of the book for comparison and contrast. Finally, for others working on languagecum-culture contact and change, Handel demonstrates convincingly that the theoretical model of script borrowing extrapolated from deep analysis of the historical spread of Sinography has good potential for being fruitfully applied to other contexts of areal contact and script borrowing, ancient or modern." - David C. S. Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China and Asia 2 (2020).



" This is an important and wide-ranging book. Its central theme is that in countries around the periphery of China, the way in which the Chinese script was adopted to write languages other than Chinese was profoundly influenced by the typology of the language in each area. This is a macro-thesis, a high-level theory, and the author is the first scholar to take up this idea and explore its ramifications seriously and across virtually the whole geographic region. This has clearly been a mammoth undertaking, and the author is to be commended for his bravery as well as his devotion and determination to carry this pioneering project through to completion." - David Holm, National Cheng Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan, Manusya 23 (2020).



"This is without doubt a profoundly important book, one that applies linguistic rigor of a high order to fundamental problems of the transmission of languages and scripts. What is more, it provides an indispensable and rock-solid basis for further work and as such is an ideal volume to launch the Language, Writing and Literary Culture in the Sinographic Cosmopolis series." -Peter Kornicki, Robinson College, Cambridge, JAOS, 141.2 (2021).

Acknowledgments ix
List of Figures and Tables
xi
1 Introduction
1(27)
1.1 Scope and Purpose
2(2)
1.2 Definition of Writing and Typology of Writing Systems
4(6)
1.3 Literary Sinitic, the Sinographosphere, and Sino-xenic Vocabulary and Pronunciations
10(7)
1.4 Chinese Script Forms
17(1)
1.5 Basic Techniques of Adaptation
18(3)
1.6 Linguistic Affiliations and Linguistic Typology
21(1)
1.7 Previous Scholarship
22(2)
1.8 Plan of this Study
24(2)
1.9 Notation
26(2)
2 Chinese Writing
28(34)
2.1 Chinese Historical Linguistic Typology
28(2)
2.2 The Development of the Chinese Writing System
30(20)
2.3 Stability of the Mainstream Writing System
50(2)
2.4 Middle Chinese and Sino-xenic Character Readings
52(3)
2.5 Ongoing Development of the Chinese Writing System for Colloquial and Dialectal Writing
55(5)
2.6 Summary and Implications for Script Borrowing
60(2)
3 Korean
62(62)
3.1 Introduction of Chinese Writing to Korea and Related History
64(3)
3.2 Korean Historical Linguistic Typology
67(8)
3.3 Sino-Korean
75(3)
3.4 Glossing Traditions and the Development of Vernacular Writing
78(10)
3.5 Structure and Function of Vernacular Writing
88(9)
3.6 Korean Sinography: Classification of Methods
97(13)
3.7 Later Script Developments
110(3)
3.8 Analysis
113(10)
3.9 Appendix to
Chapter 3
123(1)
4 Vietnamese
124(42)
4.1 Introduction of Chinese Writing to Vietnam and Related History
124(2)
4.2 Vietnamese Historical Linguistic Typology
126(5)
4.3 Sino-Vietnamese
131(2)
4.4 Glossing Traditions and the Development of Vernacular Writing
133(4)
4.5 Structure and Function of Chu Nom
137(2)
4.6 Vietnamese Sinography: Classification of Methods
139(16)
4.7 Later Script Developments
155(3)
4.8 Analysis
158(8)
5 Japanese
166(46)
5.1 Introduction of Chinese Writing to Japan and Related History
167(2)
5.2 Japanese Historical Linguistic Typology
169(7)
5.3 Sino-Japanese
176(2)
5.4 Glossing Traditions and the Development of Vernacular Writing
178(7)
5.5 Structure and Function of Vernacular Writing
185(4)
5.6 Japanese Sinography: Classification of Methods
189(7)
5.7 Later Script Developments
196(4)
5.8 Analysis
200(8)
5.9 Appendix to
Chapter 5
208(4)
6 Comparative Analysis
212(22)
6.1 Preliminary Conclusions
219(10)
6.2 Predictions
229(5)
7 Other Languages: Zhuang, Khitan, Jurchen
234(47)
7.1 Zhuang
234(1)
7.2 Introduction of Chinese Writing to the Zhuang and Related History
235(1)
7.3 Zhuang Linguistic Typology
236(2)
7.4 Sino-Zhuang
238(1)
7.5 Glossing Traditions and the Development of Vernacular Writing
239(1)
7.6 Zhuang Sinography: Classification of Methods
240(17)
7.7 Significance of Regional Variation Patterns
257(3)
7.8 Analysis and Implications for the Isolating Model
260(8)
7.9 Khitan and Jurchen
268(1)
7.10 Khitan and Jurchen Linguistic Typology
269(2)
7.11 History of the Khitan and Jurchen Scripts
271(1)
7.12 Structure and Function of the Scripts; Methods of Adaptation and Innovation
272(7)
7.13 Analysis and Implications for the Agglutinating Model
279(1)
7.14 Conclusion: Revising the Model
280(1)
8 Beyond the Sinographosphere: Sumerian and Akkadian
281(28)
8.1 Sumerian and Akkadian: an Imperfect Parallel to Sinographic Writing
282(2)
8.2 Sumerian and Akkadian Linguistic Typology
284(2)
8.3 Sumerian Cuneiform
286(11)
8.4 Akkadian Cuneiform
297(6)
8.5 Analysis
303(5)
8.6 Summary and Conclusion
308(1)
9 Conclusion: Script Adaptation, Linguistic Typology, and Cognitive Universals
309(4)
Appendix: English Sinography Exercise 313(3)
Bibliography of Works Cited 316(14)
Sinogram Indexes 330(28)
Subject Index 358
Zev Handel, Ph.D. (1998), University of California at Berkeley, is Professor at the University of Washington, Seattle. He works in historical Chinese phonology, Sino-Tibetan linguistics, and East Asian writing systems, and is an associate editor of the Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics (Brill, 2017).