Dedication |
|
xxi | |
Preface |
|
xxii | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xxvi | |
Acronyms |
|
xxvii | |
Chapter 1 Basics |
|
1 | (34) |
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|
1 | (1) |
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|
2 | (1) |
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|
2 | (1) |
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Transconductance amplifiers |
|
|
2 | (1) |
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|
3 | (1) |
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Transimpedance amplifiers |
|
|
3 | (1) |
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|
3 | (2) |
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Nominal signal levels and dynamic range |
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|
5 | (1) |
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|
6 | (2) |
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Amplification then attenuation |
|
|
6 | (1) |
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Attenuation then amplification |
|
|
7 | (1) |
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Raising the input signal to the nominal level |
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|
7 | (1) |
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|
8 | (1) |
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|
8 | (1) |
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|
9 | (2) |
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|
11 | (1) |
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1/f noise (flicker noise) |
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|
12 | (1) |
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|
13 | (1) |
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|
13 | (1) |
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|
14 | (2) |
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Noise in bipolar transistors |
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|
16 | (5) |
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Bipolar transistor voltage noise |
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|
16 | (1) |
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Bipolar transistor current noise |
|
|
17 | (4) |
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|
21 | (2) |
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|
21 | (2) |
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Low-noise opamp circuitry |
|
|
23 | (1) |
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|
23 | (1) |
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|
24 | (2) |
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|
26 | (1) |
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|
27 | (1) |
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|
28 | (1) |
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Ultra low-noise design with multipath amplifiers |
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|
28 | (4) |
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Ultra low-noise voltage buffers |
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|
29 | (1) |
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Ultra low-noise amplifiers |
|
|
30 | (2) |
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Multiple amplifiers for greater drive capability |
|
|
32 | (3) |
Chapter 2 Components |
|
35 | (42) |
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|
35 | (6) |
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Copper and other conductive elements |
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|
36 | (1) |
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|
37 | (1) |
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|
38 | (1) |
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Cable and wiring resistance |
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|
38 | (1) |
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|
39 | (2) |
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PCB track-to-track crosstalk |
|
|
41 | (1) |
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Impedances and crosstalk: a case history |
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|
42 | (2) |
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|
44 | (19) |
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|
45 | (1) |
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|
46 | (2) |
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|
48 | (5) |
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Other resistor combinations |
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|
53 | (2) |
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Resistor value distributions |
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|
55 | (1) |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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|
58 | (2) |
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60 | (3) |
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63 | (11) |
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Capacitor non-linearity examined |
|
|
65 | (1) |
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Non-electrolytic capacitor non-linearity |
|
|
66 | (5) |
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Electrolytic capacitor non-linearity |
|
|
71 | (3) |
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|
74 | (3) |
Chapter 3 Discrete transistor circuit?) |
|
77 | (42) |
|
Why use discrete transistor circuitry? |
|
|
77 | (1) |
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|
78 | (1) |
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Bipolar junction transistors |
|
|
78 | (1) |
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|
79 | (1) |
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|
80 | (1) |
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|
80 | (15) |
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The simple emitter-follower |
|
|
81 | (3) |
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The constant-current emitter-follower |
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|
84 | (2) |
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The push-pull emitter-follower |
|
|
86 | (1) |
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Emitter-follower stability |
|
|
87 | (1) |
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|
88 | (2) |
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Improved unity-gain buffers |
|
|
90 | (5) |
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|
95 | (1) |
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One-transistor shunt-feedback gain stages |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
One-transistor series-feedback gain stages |
|
|
96 | (1) |
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Two-transistor shunt-feedback gain stages |
|
|
97 | (4) |
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Two-transistor shunt-feedback stages: improving linearity |
|
|
101 | (4) |
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Two-transistor shunt-feedback stages: noise |
|
|
105 | (1) |
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Two-transistor shunt-feedback stages: bootstrapping |
|
|
105 | (2) |
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Two-transistor shunt-feedback stages as summing amplifiers |
|
|
107 | (1) |
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Two-transistor series-feedback gain stages |
|
|
108 | (2) |
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|
110 | (6) |
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Discrete opamp design: the input stage |
|
|
111 | (3) |
|
Discrete opamp design: the second stage |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
Discrete opamp design: the output stage |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
High input impedance bipolar stages |
|
|
116 | (3) |
Chapter 4 Opamps and their properties |
|
119 | (48) |
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|
119 | (1) |
|
A very brief history of opamps |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
120 | (1) |
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Opamp properties: slew rate |
|
|
121 | (1) |
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Opamp properties: common mode range |
|
|
122 | (1) |
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Opamp properties: input offset voltage |
|
|
123 | (1) |
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Opamp properties: bias current |
|
|
123 | (1) |
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|
124 | (1) |
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Opamp properties: distortion |
|
|
125 | (18) |
|
Opamp internal distortion |
|
|
125 | (2) |
|
Slew rate limiting distortion |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Distortion due to loading |
|
|
128 | (1) |
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|
128 | (1) |
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|
129 | (14) |
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|
129 | (5) |
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|
134 | (2) |
|
Rail bootstrapping to reduce CM distortion |
|
|
136 | (3) |
|
Simpler rail bootstrapping |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
Bootstrapping series-feedback JFET opamp stages |
|
|
140 | (3) |
|
Selecting the right opamp |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
Opamps surveyed: BJT input types |
|
|
143 | (14) |
|
|
144 | (1) |
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|
145 | (3) |
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|
146 | (2) |
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|
148 | (3) |
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|
151 | (1) |
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|
152 | (2) |
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|
154 | (1) |
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|
155 | (2) |
|
Opamps surveyed: JFET input types |
|
|
157 | (10) |
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|
157 | (2) |
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|
159 | (1) |
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|
160 | (2) |
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|
162 | (1) |
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|
163 | (4) |
Chapter 5 Opamps for low voltages |
|
167 | (14) |
|
High fidelity from low voltages |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
Running opamps from a single +5 V supply rail |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
The NE5532 in +5 V operation |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
The LM4562 in +5 V operation |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
The AD8022 in +5 V operation |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
The AD8397 in +5 V operation |
|
|
172 | (5) |
|
Opamps for 3.3 V single-rail operation |
|
|
177 | (4) |
Chapter 6 Filters |
|
181 | (16) |
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|
181 | (1) |
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|
181 | (1) |
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|
182 | (1) |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
Combined low-pass and high-pass filters |
|
|
183 | (1) |
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|
183 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
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|
184 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (5) |
|
Distortion in Sallen and Key filters |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
Multiple-feedback bandpass filters |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
|
192 | (2) |
|
|
194 | (3) |
Chapter 7 Preamplifier architectures |
|
197 | (8) |
|
|
197 | (2) |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
Amplification and the gain-distribution problem |
|
|
200 | (2) |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
203 | (2) |
Chapter 8 Moving-magnet inputs: levels and RIAA equalisation |
|
205 | (68) |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
Other problems with vinyl |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
Maximum signal levels on vinyl |
|
|
209 | (5) |
|
Moving-magnet cartridge sensitivities |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
Overload margins and amplifier limitations |
|
|
215 | (2) |
|
Equalisation and its discontents |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
The unloved IEC Amendment |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Opamp MM disc input stages |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Calculating the RIAA equalisation components |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Implementing RIAA equalisation |
|
|
220 | (3) |
|
Implementing the IEC Amendment |
|
|
223 | (3) |
|
RIAA equalisation by cartridge loading |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
RIAA series-feedback network configurations |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
RIAA configurations compared for capacitor cost |
|
|
228 | (5) |
|
RIAA network optimisation: Cl as a single E6 capacitor |
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
RIAA network optimisation: Cl as multiple 10 nF capacitors |
|
|
235 | (4) |
|
RIAA configurations compared for capacitor voltages |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
Equivalent RIAA configurations |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
240 | (2) |
|
RIAA component sensitivity: Configuration-A |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
RIAA component sensitivity: Configuration-C |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Open-loop gain and RIAA accuracy |
|
|
243 | (6) |
|
Switched-gain RIAA amplifiers |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Shunt-feedback RIAA equalisation |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Simulating inverse RIAA equalisation |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
Physical inverse RIAA equalisation |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
Passive and semi-passive RIAA equalisation |
|
|
252 | (4) |
|
MM cartridge loading and frequency response |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
MM cartridge—preamplifier interaction |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
MM cartridge DC and AC coupling |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Switched-gain flat stages |
|
|
258 | (2) |
|
|
260 | (3) |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Combining subsonic and ultrasonic filters in one stage |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
A practical MM amplifier: #1 |
|
|
265 | (3) |
|
A practical MM amplifier: #2 |
|
|
268 | (5) |
Chapter 9 Moving-magnet inputs: archival and non-standard equalisation |
|
273 | (16) |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
Non-standard replay equalisation |
|
|
275 | (5) |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
Variable-slope scratch filters: LC solutions |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Variable-slope scratch filters: active solutions |
|
|
282 | (3) |
|
Variable-slope scratch filters: the Hamill filter |
|
|
285 | (4) |
Chapter 10 Moving-magnet inputs: discrete circuitry |
|
289 | (20) |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
One-transistor MM input stages |
|
|
289 | (2) |
|
Two-transistor MM input stages |
|
|
291 | (10) |
|
Two-transistors: increasing supply voltage to +24 V |
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
Two-transistors: increasing supply voltage to +30 V |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Two-transistors: gain distribution |
|
|
297 | (2) |
|
Two-transistors: dual supply rails |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
Two-transistors: the historical Dinsdale MM circuit |
|
|
299 | (2) |
|
Three-transistor MM input stages |
|
|
301 | (2) |
|
Four-transistor MM input stages |
|
|
303 | (2) |
|
More complex discrete-transistor MM input stages |
|
|
305 | (4) |
Chapter 11 Moving-magnet inputs: noise and distortion |
|
309 | (20) |
|
Noise in MM RIAA preamplifiers |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
Noise modelling of RIAA preamplifiers |
|
|
311 | (7) |
|
|
318 | (2) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
RIAA amps driven from MC head amp |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
Cartridge load synthesis for lower noise |
|
|
321 | (3) |
|
The history of load synthesis |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
Distortion in MM RIAA amplifiers |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
|
326 | (3) |
Chapter 12 Moving-coil head amplifiers |
|
329 | (12) |
|
Moving-coil cartridge characteristics |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
The limits on MC noise performance |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
331 | (2) |
|
Moving-coil input amplifiers |
|
|
333 | (2) |
|
An effective MC amplifier configuration |
|
|
335 | (3) |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
338 | (3) |
Chapter 13 Volume controls |
|
341 | (48) |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (2) |
|
|
344 | (3) |
|
Dual-action volume controls |
|
|
347 | (2) |
|
|
349 | (4) |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
|
355 | (5) |
|
The Baxandall active volume control |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
The Baxandall volume control law |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
A practical Baxandall active volume stage |
|
|
362 | (2) |
|
Low-noise Baxandall active volume stages |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
The Baxandall volume control: loading effects |
|
|
365 | (3) |
|
Baxandall active volume stage plus passive control |
|
|
368 | (2) |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
370 | (2) |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Switched attenuator volume controls |
|
|
372 | (9) |
|
Relay-switched volume controls |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
Transformer-tap volume controls |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
Integrated circuit volume controls |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
382 | (7) |
Chapter 14 Balance controls |
|
389 | (12) |
|
|
389 | (2) |
|
Balance controls: passive |
|
|
391 | (4) |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Combining balance controls with other stages |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
Switched balance controls |
|
|
396 | (2) |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
398 | (3) |
Chapter 15 Tone controls and equalisers |
|
401 | (50) |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
403 | (2) |
|
The Baxandall one-LF-capacitor tone control |
|
|
405 | (4) |
|
The Baxandall two-LF-capacitor tone control |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
The Baxandall two-HF-capacitor tone control |
|
|
410 | (2) |
|
The Baxandall tone control: impedance and noise |
|
|
412 | (3) |
|
Switched-HF-frequency Baxandall controls |
|
|
415 | (2) |
|
|
417 | (2) |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
A new type of switched-frequency LF EQ |
|
|
420 | (2) |
|
Variable-frequency HF and LF EQ in one stage |
|
|
422 | (7) |
|
Tilt or tone-balance controls |
|
|
429 | (2) |
|
|
431 | (10) |
|
Fixed frequency Baxandall middle controls |
|
|
431 | (2) |
|
Three-band Baxandall EQ in one stage |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
434 | (3) |
|
Variable-frequency middle EQ |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Single-gang variable-frequency middle EQ |
|
|
438 | (3) |
|
Switched-Q variable-frequency Wien middle EQ |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Switchable peak/shelving LF/HF EQ |
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
|
444 | (3) |
|
|
447 | (4) |
Chapter 16 Mixer architectures |
|
451 | (18) |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
The split mixing architecture |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
The in-line mixing architecture |
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
A closer look at split format modules |
|
|
458 | (8) |
|
The channel module (split format) |
|
|
458 | (3) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Talkback and oscillator systems |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
The in-line channel module |
|
|
466 | (3) |
Chapter 17 Microphone preamplifiers |
|
469 | (14) |
|
Microphone preamplifier requirements |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Transformer microphone inputs. |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
The simple hybrid microphone preamplifier |
|
|
471 | (2) |
|
The balanced-feedback hybrid microphone preamplifier (BFMA) |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Microphone and line input pads |
|
|
474 | (2) |
|
The padless microphone preamplifier |
|
|
476 | (3) |
|
Capacitor microphone head amplifiers |
|
|
479 | (4) |
Chapter 18 Line inputs |
|
483 | (54) |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
Input amplifier functions |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (4) |
|
Balanced interconnections |
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
The advantages of balanced interconnections |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
The disadvantages of balanced interconnections |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
Balanced cables and interference |
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Electronic vs transformer balanced inputs |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
493 | (3) |
|
The basic electronic balanced input |
|
|
496 | (2) |
|
Common-mode rejection: the basic balanced input and opamp effects |
|
|
498 | (2) |
|
Opamp frequency response effects |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
Amplifier component mismatch effects |
|
|
501 | (4) |
|
A practical balanced input |
|
|
505 | (3) |
|
Variations on the balanced input stage |
|
|
508 | (17) |
|
Combined unbalanced and balanced inputs |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
Switched-gain balanced inputs |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Variable-gain balanced inputs |
|
|
511 | (3) |
|
High input-impedance balanced inputs |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
The inverting two-opamp input |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
The instrumentation amplifier |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
Instrumentation amplifier applications |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
The instrumentation amplifier with 4X gain |
|
|
518 | (4) |
|
The instrumentation amplifier at unity gain |
|
|
522 | (3) |
|
Transformer balanced inputs |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Input overvoltage protection |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Low-noise balanced inputs |
|
|
527 | (5) |
|
Low-noise balanced inputs in action |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
Ultra-low-noise balanced inputs |
|
|
533 | (4) |
Chapter 19 Line outputs |
|
537 | (22) |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Ground-cancelling outputs: basics |
|
|
539 | (2) |
|
Ground-cancelling outputs: CMRR |
|
|
541 | (2) |
|
Ground-cancelling outputs: send amplifier noise |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
Balanced outputs: output impedance |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
Transformer balanced outputs |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
Output transformer frequency response |
|
|
550 | (2) |
|
Output transformer distortion |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
Reducing output transformer distortion |
|
|
553 | (6) |
Chapter 20 Headphone amplifiers |
|
559 | (14) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
560 | (2) |
|
Opamp-transistor hybrid amplifiers |
|
|
562 | (4) |
|
Discrete Class-AB headphone amplifiers |
|
|
566 | (2) |
|
Discrete Class-A headphone amplifiers |
|
|
568 | (3) |
|
Balanced headphone amplifiers |
|
|
571 | (2) |
Chapter 21 Signal switching |
|
573 | (32) |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
|
575 | (2) |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
Switching with CMOS analogue gates |
|
|
577 | (28) |
|
CMOS gates in voltage mode |
|
|
579 | (6) |
|
CMOS gates in current mode |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
CMOS series-shunt current mode |
|
|
586 | (2) |
|
Control voltage feedthrough in CMOS gates |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
CMOS gates at higher voltages |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
CMOS gates at low voltages |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
The series JFET switch in voltage mode |
|
|
590 | (5) |
|
The shunt JFET switch in voltage mode |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
|
596 | (2) |
|
Reducing distortion by biasing |
|
|
598 | (2) |
|
|
600 | (2) |
|
Physical layout and offness |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
Dealing with the DC conditions |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
A soft changeover circuit |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Control voltage feedthrough in JFETS |
|
|
604 | (1) |
Chapter 22 Mixer sub-systems |
|
605 | (54) |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
606 | (2) |
|
How to move a circuit block |
|
|
608 | (2) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
610 | (2) |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
613 | (11) |
|
|
614 | (5) |
|
|
619 | (2) |
|
|
621 | (3) |
|
|
624 | (5) |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
Group module circuit blocks |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
Summing systems: voltage summing |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
Summing systems: virtual-earth summing |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
Ground-cancelling summing systems |
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
Distributed summing systems |
|
|
635 | (4) |
|
|
639 | (6) |
|
Hybrid summing amplifiers |
|
|
641 | (3) |
|
Balanced hybrid summing amplifiers |
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
|
645 | (6) |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
|
647 | (2) |
|
Virtual-earth PFL detection |
|
|
649 | (2) |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
Talkback microphone amplifiers |
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
|
653 | (3) |
|
Console cooling and component lifetimes |
|
|
656 | (3) |
Chapter 23 Level indication and metering |
|
659 | (16) |
|
Signal-present indication |
|
|
659 | (2) |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
The Log Law Level LED (LLLL) |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
Distributed peak detection |
|
|
663 | (2) |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
|
665 | (2) |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
|
668 | (2) |
|
A more efficient LED bargraph architecture |
|
|
670 | (3) |
|
Vacuum fluorescent displays |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
|
674 | (1) |
Chapter 24 Level control and special circuits |
|
675 | (32) |
|
|
675 | (7) |
|
A brief history of gain-control elements |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
675 | (3) |
|
Operational transconductance amplifiers |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
Voltage-controlled amplifiers |
|
|
679 | (3) |
|
|
682 | (6) |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (2) |
|
|
688 | (2) |
|
|
690 | (13) |
|
|
690 | (3) |
|
Active clipping with transistors |
|
|
693 | (2) |
|
Active clipping with opamps |
|
|
695 | (8) |
|
|
695 | (3) |
|
Negative-feedback clipping |
|
|
698 | (3) |
|
|
701 | (2) |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
|
704 | (3) |
Chapter 25 Power supplies |
|
707 | (16) |
|
Opamp supply rail voltages |
|
|
707 | (2) |
|
|
709 | (2) |
|
|
711 | (2) |
|
Using variable-voltage regulators |
|
|
713 | (2) |
|
Improving ripple performance |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
Dual supplies from a single winding |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Power supplies for discrete circuitry |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
Mutual shutdown circuitry |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
Very large power supplies |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
Microcontroller and relay supplies |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
+48 V phantom power supplies |
|
|
720 | (3) |
Chapter 26 Interfacing with the digital domain |
|
723 | (12) |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
PCB layout considerations |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
Interfacing with ADC inputs |
|
|
726 | (2) |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
Interfacing with DAC outputs |
|
|
729 | (2) |
|
Interfacing with microcontrollers |
|
|
731 | (4) |
Index |
|
735 | |