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xv | |
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xix | |
Foreword |
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xxi | |
Preface |
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xxv | |
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1 Introduction to Smart Grid |
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3 | (15) |
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1.1 Smart Grid Framework and Communication Model |
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3 | (3) |
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6 | (2) |
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1.3 Requirements of a Smart Grid |
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8 | (3) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Need to support multiple devices |
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9 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Information management |
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9 | (1) |
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1.3.4 Layered architecture |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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1.4 Components of the Smart Grid |
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11 | (3) |
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1.4.1 Bi-directional communication |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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1.4.4 Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles |
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14 | (1) |
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1.5 Smart Grid Interoperability |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (3) |
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17 | (1) |
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2 Introduction to Cloud Computing |
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18 | (20) |
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2.1 Allied Computing Models |
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20 | (8) |
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20 | (3) |
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2.1.2 Client-server architecture |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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2.1.5 Service oriented architecture (SOA) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (2) |
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2.4.1 Infrastructure as a service |
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31 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Platform as a service |
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31 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Software as a service |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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2.6 Advantages of Cloud Computing |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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2.6.2 Shared architecture |
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35 | (1) |
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2.6.3 Metering architecture |
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35 | (1) |
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2.6.4 Supports existing internet services |
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35 | (1) |
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2.7 Architecture of Cloud Computing |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (2) |
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37 | (1) |
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3 Introduction to Big Data Analytics |
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38 | (11) |
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3.1 Attributes of Big Data |
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39 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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3.2 Overview of Big Data Analytics |
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41 | (3) |
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3.3 Benefits of Big Data Analytics |
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44 | (1) |
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3.4 Big Data Analytics for Smart Grid |
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45 | (1) |
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3.5 Big Data Analytics Tools |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
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47 | (2) |
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4 Fundamental Mathematical Prerequisites |
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49 | (12) |
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49 | (1) |
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4.2 Integer Linear Programming |
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50 | (1) |
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4.3 Mixed Integer Linear Programming |
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51 | (1) |
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4.4 Non-Linear Programming |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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4.6 Different Distributions |
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53 | (2) |
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4.6.1 Normal distribution |
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53 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Poisson distribution |
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54 | (1) |
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4.6.3 Gaussian distribution |
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54 | (1) |
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4.7 Dimension Reduction Methods |
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55 | (1) |
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4.7.1 Principal component regression (PCR) method |
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55 | (1) |
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4.7.2 Reduced rank regression (RRR) method |
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55 | (1) |
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4.8 Approximation Algorithms |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (4) |
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57 | (4) |
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Part II Cloud Computing Applications for Smart Grid |
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61 | (20) |
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5.1 Fundamentals of Demand Response and Challenges |
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61 | (1) |
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5.2 Different Demand Response Mechanisms |
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62 | (4) |
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5.2.1 Economic demand response |
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63 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Emergency demand response |
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65 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Ancillary demand response |
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66 | (1) |
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5.3 Problems with Existing Approaches without Cloud |
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66 | (1) |
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5.4 Cloud-Based Demand Response in Smart Grid |
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67 | (10) |
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5.4.1 Demand response in smart grid energy management |
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68 | (6) |
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5.4.2 Demand response in data centers for the smart grid |
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74 | (3) |
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5.5 Future Trends and Issues |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (3) |
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79 | (2) |
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6 Geographical Load-Balancing |
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81 | (15) |
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6.1 Need for Load-Balancing in Smart Grid |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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6.3 Problems with Existing Load-Balancing Approaches without Cloud |
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83 | (1) |
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6.3.1 Coalition formation |
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83 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Flexible demand forecasting |
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83 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Centralized load controller |
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84 | (1) |
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6.4 Cloud-Based Load-Balancing |
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84 | (8) |
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6.4.1 Price-based energy load-balancing |
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85 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Load-balancing at the smart grid data centers |
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86 | (3) |
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6.4.3 Renewable energy-aware load-balancing |
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89 | (1) |
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6.4.4 Load-balancing at data center networks |
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90 | (2) |
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6.5 Future Trends and Issues |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (3) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (10) |
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7.1 Deployment of Dynamic Pricing in Smart Grids |
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96 | (1) |
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7.1.1 Determination of actual time-slot |
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96 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Need for adequate infrastructure |
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97 | (1) |
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7.2 Existing Dynamic Pricing Policies without Cloud |
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97 | (3) |
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7.2.1 Day-ahead pricing policy |
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97 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Demand-based pricing policy |
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98 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Supply-based pricing policy |
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99 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Supply-demand-based pricing policy |
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99 | (1) |
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7.3 Problems with Existing Approaches without Cloud |
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100 | (1) |
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7.3.1 Local knowledge of supply-demand information |
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100 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Unfair pricing tariffs for customers |
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100 | (1) |
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7.4 Cloud-Based Dynamic Pricing Policies |
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100 | (3) |
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7.5 Future Trends and Issues |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (12) |
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8.1 Concept of Virtual Power Plant |
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106 | (3) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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8.2 Advantages of Virtual Power Plant |
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109 | (2) |
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8.2.1 Acts as internet of energy |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Online optimization platform |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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8.3 Virtual Power Plant Control Strategy |
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111 | (1) |
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8.4 Virtual Power Plant: Different Methodologies |
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111 | (4) |
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8.4.1 Integration of electric vehicles |
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112 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Implementation of energy storage devices |
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113 | (2) |
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8.5 Future Trends and Issues |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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116 | (2) |
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9 Advanced Metering Infrastructure |
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118 | (29) |
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118 | (1) |
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9.2 Different Approaches of AMI |
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119 | (23) |
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9.2.1 Data collection for AMI |
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119 | (7) |
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9.2.2 Classification of AMI data |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (12) |
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9.2.4 Electricity theft detection in AMI |
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139 | (3) |
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9.3 Future Trends and Issues |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (3) |
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145 | (2) |
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10 Cloud-Based Security and Privacy |
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147 | (22) |
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10.1 Security in Data Communication |
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147 | (6) |
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150 | (3) |
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10.2 Security and Privacy Challenges and Opportunities |
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153 | (2) |
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10.3 Security and Privacy Approaches without Cloud |
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155 | (4) |
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10.4 Cloud-Based Security and Privacy Approaches |
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159 | (4) |
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10.4.1 Identity-based encryption |
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160 | (3) |
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10.5 Future Trends and Issues |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (6) |
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164 | (5) |
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Part III Smart Grid Data Management and Applications |
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11 Smart Meter Data Management |
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169 | (20) |
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11.1 Smart Metering Architecture |
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169 | (1) |
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11.2 Challenges and Opportunities |
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170 | (2) |
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11.2.1 Requirement of scalable computing facility |
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170 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Presence of heterogeneous data |
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171 | (1) |
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11.2.3 Requirement of large storage devices |
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171 | (1) |
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11.2.4 Information integration from different levels |
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172 | (1) |
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11.2.5 Complex architecture in the presence of multiple parties |
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172 | (1) |
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11.3 Smart Meter Data Management |
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172 | (14) |
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11.3.1 Cluster-based management |
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172 | (4) |
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11.3.2 Data compression and pattern extraction |
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176 | (3) |
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11.3.3 Cloud computing for big data management |
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179 | (4) |
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11.3.4 Calibration with big data |
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183 | (1) |
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11.3.5 Fuzzy logic-based management |
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184 | (2) |
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11.4 Future Trends and Issues |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (3) |
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187 | (2) |
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12 PHEVs: Internet of Vehicles |
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189 | (18) |
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12.1 Convergence of PHEVs and Internet of Vehicles |
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190 | (1) |
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12.2 Electric Vehicles Management |
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191 | (13) |
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12.2.1 Charging and discharging of PHEVs |
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191 | (8) |
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12.2.2 Energy management for data centers and PHEVs |
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199 | (2) |
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12.2.3 Providing on-board internet service facility |
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201 | (3) |
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12.3 Future Trends and Issues |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (20) |
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13.1 Concept of Smart Building |
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207 | (1) |
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13.2 Challenges and Opportunities |
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208 | (1) |
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13.3 Different Approaches for Establishing Smart Buildings |
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209 | (13) |
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13.3.1 Automatic energy management systems |
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209 | (8) |
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13.3.2 Intelligent information management systems |
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217 | (5) |
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13.4 Future Trends and Issues |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (4) |
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224 | (3) |
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Part IV Smart Grid Design and Deployment |
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227 | (4) |
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227 | (3) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (14) |
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15.1 Initiatives Taken by EU |
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232 | (5) |
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15.2 Initiatives Taken by US Department of Energy |
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237 | (1) |
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15.3 Smart Grid Initiatives in Other Countries |
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238 | (3) |
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15.3.1 Initiatives in China |
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239 | (1) |
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15.3.2 Initiatives in India |
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239 | (2) |
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15.4 Smart Grid Standards |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (3) |
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243 | (2) |
Index |
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245 | |