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Solarnomics: Setting Up and Managing a Profitable Solar Business [Pehme köide]

(Nottingham Trent University, UK)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 248 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 660 g, 17 Tables, black and white; 79 Line drawings, black and white; 79 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-Apr-2022
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1032201436
  • ISBN-13: 9781032201436
Teised raamatud teemal:
Solarnomics: Setting Up and Managing a Profitable Solar BusinessSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 248 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 660 g, 17 Tables, black and white; 79 Line drawings, black and white; 79 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-Apr-2022
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1032201436
  • ISBN-13: 9781032201436
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781032201436.html
Märksõnad:
"Solar power has come of age. Not only has it become one of the key alternatives to fossil fuels, it can now be deployed in a way that makes a viable business with a financial profit. This book shows industry professionals and students how to do just that. Solarnomics describes the economics of building and operating a solar power plant today and provides a window into a future in which several technologies collaborate, and in which all participants in the electricity grid become smarter at scheduling both the supply and demand for electric power to give humanity a future that is sustainable, both environmentally and economically. The book shows how to estimate costs and revenues, how to tweak the design of a project to improve profitability, how to calculate return on investment, how to assess and deal with risk, how to raise capital, how to combine solar with batteries to make a hybrid microgrid, and how to be prepared for future developments in the evolving smart electricity grid. Solarnomics will enable professionals in the solar industry to assess the potential profitability of a proposed solar project, and it will enable students to add an extra dimension to their understanding of sustainability"--

Solarnomics describes the economics of building a solar power plant today and provides a window into a future in which several technologies collaborate, and in which all participants in the electricity grid become smarter at scheduling both the supply and demand for electric power.

Arvustused

"Essential knowledge for the solar entrepreneur, Solarnomics is that rare book that discusses the technical and business aspects of solar power on equal footing. Wright succeeds in delivering the practical information needed to navigate todays solar market."

Chris Giebink, Head of Applied Optoelectronics and Photonics Lab, Penn State University

"Solarnomics provides a thorough and well-rounded perspective on the ins and outs of running a profitable solar business. As solar power becomes increasingly important as we move towards a low carbon economy, this book can act as a toolkit for the solar leaders of tomorrow as they look to understand the risks and returns made possible through solar business."

Katherine Arblaster, Senior Manager, Monitor Deloitte

"Professor Wright shows how evolving solar and green technologies can benefit established economic sectors. Solar energy financing is key to project success. This book provides financial options available to the reader in an engaging manner."

David Arenburg, President, DAI Inc

"Down to basics, straight to the core of the issue, yet insightful a reading I recommend for anyone interested in solar economics who doesn't want to go to the trouble of getting a PhD in photovoltaics."

Yves Poissant, Research Manager and Senior Specialist in Solar Photovoltaic Technologies, CanmetENERGY

Meet the Author xvii
Preface xviii
Glossary and Acronyms xxiii
PART 1 Deploying Solar: Costs and Revenues
1(62)
1 Utility-Scale: Large Solar
9(15)
Introduction
9(1)
Costs
9(5)
Tracking Systems
10(2)
Capital Costs
12(1)
Operations and Maintenance Costs
13(1)
Summary
13(1)
Revenues
14(7)
Capacity Factor
14(1)
Wholesale Electricity Market
15(1)
Selling to the Electricity Grid Using Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs)
15(2)
Corporate PPAs
17(4)
Feed-in Tariffs (FITs)
21(1)
Summary
21(1)
Takeaways
21(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
22(1)
Process
23(1)
2 Behind-the-Meter, Commercial and Industrial: Medium-Sized Solar
24(14)
Introduction
24(3)
Costs
27(2)
Capital Costs
27(2)
Operations and Maintenance Costs
29(1)
Summary
29(1)
Savings
29(6)
Net-Metering
29(2)
Demand Charges
31(1)
System Peak Charges
32(1)
Maximizing Savings
33(1)
Carbon Reductions
34(1)
Intangible Benefits
35(1)
Summary
35(1)
Takeaways
35(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
36(1)
Process
37(1)
3 Behind-the-Meter, Small Business and Residential: Small Solar
38(8)
Introduction
38(1)
Costs
39(2)
Capital Costs
39(1)
Operations and Maintenance Costs
40(1)
Savings
41(3)
Summary
44(1)
Takeaways
44(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
45(1)
Process
45(1)
4 Off-grid: Small to Large Solar
46(17)
Introduction
46(1)
Remote Industrial Operations
47(5)
Mining
47(3)
Mobile Network Base Stations
50(2)
Remote Communities and Small Islands
52(4)
Northern Canada
52(1)
Saudi Arabia
53(2)
Small Islands
55(1)
Summary
56(1)
Takeaways
57(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
58(1)
Processes
58(5)
PART 2 Solar Profitability
63(48)
5 Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return
65(8)
Introduction
65(1)
Net Present Value (NPV)
65(3)
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
68(2)
Examples of Internal Rate of Return
69(1)
Summary
70(1)
Takeaways
70(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
71(1)
Process
71(2)
6 Levelized Cost of Electricity
73(6)
Introduction
73(1)
What LCOE is for
73(1)
How to Calculate LCOE
74(1)
Relationship between LCOE and IRR
75(1)
Examples of LCOE
75(2)
Summary
77(1)
Takeaways
77(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
78(1)
Process
78(1)
7 Solar Finance
79(12)
Introduction
79(2)
Securitization
81(2)
Developers
83(2)
Bundling Power Purchase Agreements into a Tradable Security
83(1)
Bundling Loan Agreements into a Tradable Security
84(1)
YieldCos
85(2)
Developer - YieldCo Interaction
87(1)
Summary
88(1)
Takeaways
88(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
89(1)
Process
89(2)
8 Managing Risk
91(20)
Introduction
91(1)
International Standards
91(2)
Planning
93(2)
Development
95(1)
Operations and Maintenance
96(4)
Risk of Increased Costs
97(1)
Risk of Reduced Revenues
98(2)
Counterparty Risk
100(1)
Impact on Internal Rate of Return and Levelized Cost of Electricity
100(6)
Summary
106(1)
Takeaways
106(1)
Planning
106(1)
Development
107(1)
Operations and Maintenance
107(1)
Quantifiable Risk
107(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
107(1)
Process
108(3)
PART 3 Getting the Biggest Bang for Your Solar Buck
111(66)
9 Storage: Improving Solar Profitability
113(18)
Introduction
113(1)
Storage Options
114(10)
Pumped Hydro
114(3)
Batteries
117(2)
Supercapacitors
119(1)
Flywheels
120(1)
Compressed Air
121(1)
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) also known as Solar Thermal Power
122(1)
Hydrogen
123(1)
Benefits of Storage
124(3)
Behind-the-Meter Applications
124(1)
Front-of-the-Meter Applications
125(2)
Summary
127(1)
Takeaways
128(1)
Storage Options and Their Characteristics
128(1)
Applications of Storage That Improve the Profitability of a Solar Project
129(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
129(1)
Process
129(2)
10 Profitability of Solar Microgrids and Hybrids
131(30)
Introduction
131(1)
Reliability
132(2)
Intermittency
134(6)
Short Term
134(1)
Medium Term
134(1)
Long Term
135(5)
Optimizing Internal Rate of Return for Utility-Scale Microgrids
140(7)
Wholesale Market
140(3)
Power Purchase Agreement
143(4)
Optimizing Internal Rate of Return for Behind-the-Meter Microgrids
147(6)
Toll and Demand Charges
148(5)
System Peak Charges
153(1)
Minimizing Levelized Cost of Electricity for Off-Grid Microgrids
153(3)
Summary
156(1)
Takeaways
157(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
158(1)
Process
158(3)
11 Extra Revenue from Grid-Balancing Services
161(16)
Introduction
161(2)
Electricity Market (also known as Wholesale Electricity Market)
163(2)
Grid-Services Market (also known as Ancillary Services Market, Balancing Services Market and Operating Reserve Market)
165(5)
Capacity Market
170(1)
Trends in Markets
171(1)
Frequency Sensing and Regulation
171(2)
Summary
173(1)
Takeaways
173(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
174(1)
Process
175(2)
Grid-Services Market
175(1)
Frequency Sensing and Regulation
175(2)
PART 4 Preparing for Future Solar Opportunities
177(62)
12 Participative/Transactive Electricity Markets
179(12)
Introduction
179(1)
ReFLEX (Renewable Energy Flexibility), in the Orkney Islands
180(2)
Trading Flexibility in Cornwall
182(2)
The Port of Amsterdam, Shared Energy Platform
184(2)
Trends in Participative Markets
186(2)
Generic Software
186(1)
Solar Industry Involvement
186(1)
Grid Management
186(2)
Summary
188(1)
Takeaways
188(1)
Overall
188(1)
Market Participants
188(1)
Market Organization
189(1)
Benefits to Solar Industry
189(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
189(1)
Process
190(1)
13 Emerging Solar Technologies
191(13)
Introduction
191(1)
Bifacial Solar
191(2)
Floating Solar (Float-o-Voltaics)
193(2)
Concentrating Photovoltaics
195(3)
Thin-Film Photovoltaics
198(2)
Cadmium Telluride
198(1)
Perovskites
198(2)
Organics
200(1)
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
200(1)
Summary
200(1)
Takeaways
201(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
202(1)
Process
202(2)
14 Emerging Solar Applications
204(21)
Introduction
204(1)
Hydrogen
204(9)
Making Hydrogen
204(2)
Transporting Hydrogen
206(1)
Using Hydrogen in Industry
206(2)
Using Hydrogen for Transport and Space Heating
208(2)
Using Hydrogen as a Buffer
210(2)
Trends in Green Hydrogen
212(1)
Impact of Hydrogen on Solar Economics
213(1)
Building Integrated Photovoltaics
213(1)
Agriculture Integrated Photovoltaics - Agrivoltaics
214(5)
Field Agriculture
215(1)
Greenhouses
216(3)
Avoiding the Electric Utility Death Spiral
219(1)
Summary
220(1)
Takeaways
221(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
222(1)
Process
222(3)
Hydrogen
222(1)
BIPV
223(1)
Agrivoltaics
223(2)
15 Profitability Analysis for Emerging Solar Technologies
225(14)
Introduction
225(5)
PerovskitelSilicon Tandems
226(4)
Microtracked Concentrating Photovoltaics
230(5)
Summary
235(1)
Takeaways
235(1)
Probe Deeper: The Why?
236(1)
Process
236(3)
PerovskitelSilicon Tandem
236(1)
MCPV
237(2)
Epilogue 239(2)
Geographical Index 241(2)
Comprehensive Index 243
David Wright has a PhD from Cambridge University, UK and has experience in industry, academia and government in three continents. His university research in solar power has been conducted in collaboration with industrial partners in the Cleantech Sector and is published in top journals in renewable energy.