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1 | (38) |
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1.1 Physical Limits and Prospects of Optical Communication Systems |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 EXAT Initiative and 3M Technologies |
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3 | (4) |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3 Requirements for Future Applications |
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7 | (14) |
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1.3.1 Ultra-Realistic Communication |
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7 | (7) |
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1.3.2 Optical Network Technologies for Wireless Communication Network |
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14 | (7) |
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1.4 State-of-the-Art Terrestrial Optical Transmission |
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21 | (5) |
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1.4.1 Expansion of Broadband Services in Japan |
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21 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Optical Access Technology |
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22 | (1) |
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1.4.3 High-Capacity Optical Transmission Technology |
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22 | (4) |
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1.5 State-of-the-Art Optical Submarine Cable Systems |
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26 | (13) |
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1.5.1 Main Features of Optical Submarine Cable Systems |
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26 | (3) |
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1.5.2 Main Building Blocks of Optical Submarine Cable Systems |
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29 | (4) |
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1.5.3 The State-of-the-Art Technologies in Optical Submarine Cable Systems |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (5) |
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2 Optical Fibers for Space-Division Multiplexing |
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39 | (132) |
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39 | (2) |
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2.2 Recent Progress of Single-Core Fiber Characteristics, Loss andAeff |
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41 | (8) |
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2.2.1 Progress of Loss Improvement for Various Types of Single-Core Fiber |
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41 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Low-Loss Pure-Silica-Core Fiber (PSCF) |
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42 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Optimal Fiber Design Based on Fiber FOM |
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44 | (2) |
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2.2.4 Micro-bending Loss Sensitivity |
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46 | (2) |
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2.2.5 Environmental and Mechanical Performances of Ultra-low-loss PSCF |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (58) |
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2.3.1 Theory of Crosstalk |
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49 | (14) |
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63 | (9) |
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72 | (17) |
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89 | (2) |
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2.3.5 Fabrication Technology of MCF |
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91 | (4) |
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2.3.6 Measurement Technology |
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95 | (12) |
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107 | (20) |
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2.4.1 Design Trend of FMF |
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107 | (5) |
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112 | (6) |
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118 | (4) |
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2.4.4 Measurement Technology for Mode Coupling |
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122 | (5) |
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2.5 Few-Mode Multi-core Fiber |
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127 | (15) |
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2.5.1 FM-MCFs with Uncoupled Core Design |
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127 | (12) |
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2.5.2 125-μ.m Cladding 2 LP-mode 6-core Fiber |
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139 | (3) |
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142 | (10) |
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2.6.1 Prospect for MCF Cables and Their Application Areas |
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142 | (7) |
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2.6.2 High-Density MCF Cables |
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149 | (3) |
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152 | (19) |
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2.7.1 Where Will Be the SDM Fibers First Deployed? |
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152 | (5) |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (12) |
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3 Optical Connection Technologies |
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171 | (28) |
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171 | (1) |
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3.2 Fusion Splicing Technology |
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172 | (4) |
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3.2.1 Outer Core Alignment |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (3) |
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3.3.1 Fundamentals of Optical Connectors |
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176 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Butt Joint-type MCF Connector |
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177 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Lens Coupling Type MCF Connector |
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179 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Few-Mode Fibers Connection |
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179 | (1) |
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3.4 Fan-In/Fan-Out Device for Multi-core Fiber |
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179 | (4) |
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3.4.1 Bundled Fiber-Type Fan-In/Fan-Out Device |
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180 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Fused Fiber-Type Fan-In/Fan-Out Device |
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181 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Free-Space Coupling-Type Fan-In/Fan-Out Device |
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182 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Three-Dimensional Waveguide-Type Fan-In/Fan-Out Device |
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183 | (1) |
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3.5 Mode Multiplexing/Demultiplexing Technologies for Few-Mode Fibers |
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183 | (16) |
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183 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Mode Converter, Mode Coupler and the Other Multi-mode-Related Devices Based on Optics |
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184 | (5) |
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3.5.3 Mode Converter, Mode Coupler and the Other Multi-mode-Related Devices Based on Waveguide Technology |
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189 | (6) |
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195 | (4) |
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4 Optical Amplification Technologies |
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199 | (58) |
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200 | (3) |
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4.2 History of SDM Amplification Technology |
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203 | (3) |
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4.3 Multi-core Fiber Amplification Technology |
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206 | (24) |
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4.3.1 Target of Multi-core EDFA |
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206 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Categorization of Multi-core EDFA |
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207 | (1) |
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4.3.3 State-of-the-Art Multi-core EDFA Development Technology |
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208 | (15) |
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4.3.4 State-of-the-Art Multi-core Raman Amplification Technology |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (2) |
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4.3.6 Issues and Future Work |
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227 | (3) |
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4.4 Few-Mode Fiber Amplification Technology |
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230 | (6) |
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4.4.1 Target of Few-Mode EDFA |
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230 | (1) |
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4.4.2 State-of-the-Art Few-Mode EDFA |
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231 | (3) |
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4.4.3 State-of-the-Art Few-Mode Raman Amplification Technology |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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4.4.5 Issues and Future Work |
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235 | (1) |
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4.5 Amplification Techniques for Expanding Transmission Bands |
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236 | (6) |
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4.5.1 1.3-μ.m Band Bismuth-Doped Amplifier |
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237 | (4) |
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4.5.2 Over 1.65-μ-m Band Amplifier |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (15) |
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246 | (11) |
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5 Optical Transmission Technologies |
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257 | (112) |
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258 | (1) |
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5.2 Overview of Transmission Technologies |
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258 | (4) |
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5.3 Multi-level Transmission Technologies |
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262 | (20) |
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5.3.1 Spectral Efficiency of QAM Signal and Shannon Limit |
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263 | (3) |
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5.3.2 Fundamental Configuration and Key Components of QAM Coherent Optical Transmission |
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266 | (7) |
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5.3.3 Higher-Order QAM Transmission Experiments |
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273 | (9) |
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5.4 Space Division Multiplexed Transmission Technologies |
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282 | (46) |
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5.4.1 Multi-core Transmission |
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282 | (27) |
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5.4.2 Multi-mode Transmission |
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309 | (5) |
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5.4.3 Multi-core Multi-mode Transmission |
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314 | (14) |
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5.5 Signal Processing Technologies |
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328 | (41) |
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5.5.1 State-of-the-Art Optical Signal Processing Technologies |
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328 | (11) |
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5.5.2 SDM Processing Technologies |
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339 | (9) |
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5.5.3 Orbital Angular Momentum |
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348 | (6) |
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354 | (15) |
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6 Network Technologies for SDM |
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369 | (40) |
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6.1 Basic Technologies for Network Nodes and Network Control |
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370 | (14) |
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6.1.1 SDM Switching and Node Elements |
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370 | (8) |
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6.1.2 SDM Network Control and Node Configuration |
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378 | (4) |
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6.1.3 Network Enhancements Due to MCF |
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382 | (2) |
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6.2 Application of SDM Technologies in Short-reach Systems |
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384 | (25) |
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6.2.1 Types of Short-reach Systems |
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385 | (4) |
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6.2.2 Application Example of SDM Technology in Short-reach Systems |
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389 | (14) |
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403 | (6) |
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409 | (44) |
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410 | (34) |
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410 | (7) |
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7.1.2 Fiber Fuse of Optical Communication Fibers |
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417 | (7) |
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7.1.3 Detection Methods of Fiber Fuse |
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424 | (5) |
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7.1.4 Halting (Blocking) Methods of Fiber Fuse |
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429 | (5) |
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7.1.5 Fiber Fuse-Based Incidence |
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434 | (6) |
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7.1.6 Fiber Fuse Tolerant Fibers |
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440 | (4) |
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7.2 Safety of Optical Communication Systems (From the Viewpoint of IEC Laser Safety Standardization) |
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444 | (9) |
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7.2.1 Standardization of Laser Safety |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Safety Specifications for Optical Fiber Communication Systems |
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445 | (2) |
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7.2.4 Measures for Implementing Higher Optical Power |
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447 | (1) |
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448 | (1) |
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448 | (5) |
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8 Japanese National Projects on SDM Technologies |
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453 | (16) |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (3) |
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454 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Characterization of MCF |
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455 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Interoperability Trial |
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456 | (1) |
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457 | (4) |
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8.3.1 Research on Optical Amplifier |
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458 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Research on Connection |
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459 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Transmission System Technology |
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460 | (1) |
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461 | (8) |
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8.4.1 MCFs for 100 Pbit/s-km Transmission |
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461 | (2) |
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463 | (2) |
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465 | (4) |
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469 | (6) |
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9.1 Introduction Historical |
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469 | (2) |
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9.2 Challenges of SDM Deployment |
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471 | (1) |
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9.3 Major Application Fields |
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471 | (2) |
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9.4 Additional Research Efforts Needed |
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473 | (1) |
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473 | (2) |
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473 | (2) |
| Index |
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475 | |
