Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Standard Basque: A Progressive Grammar, Volume 44 [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 1408 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 229x178x54 mm, kaal: 2109 g, 1 fig illus.; 2 Illustrations
  • Sari: Current Studies in Linguistics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Nov-2007
  • Kirjastus: MIT Press
  • ISBN-10: 0262042428
  • ISBN-13: 9780262042420
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 1408 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 229x178x54 mm, kaal: 2109 g, 1 fig illus.; 2 Illustrations
  • Sari: Current Studies in Linguistics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Nov-2007
  • Kirjastus: MIT Press
  • ISBN-10: 0262042428
  • ISBN-13: 9780262042420
Teised raamatud teemal:
A pre-Indo-European language with no known relatives, the Basque language survives in the Basque region of Spain and France, with about half a million native or near-native speakers. The local diversity of the language, with no fewer than eight different dialects, has hindered the development of a supradialectical written tradition. Twentieth-century Basque scholars recognized that the introduction of a standard language for written communication was vital for the continued existence of Basque, and the Euskaltzaindia, the Royal Academy of the Basque Language, has supervised the creation of a new shared form, Euskara Batua ("Unified Basque"), to be used as a written standard.

Standard Basque: A Progressive Grammar is the first modern pedagogically oriented reference grammar in English for this new standard language. It guides the reader progressively through 33 chapters covering topics that range from orthography and pronunciation to case endings, verb forms, ergativity, the antipassive, and allocutive forms. In addition to information on the various dialects, the book includes thousands of example sentences drawn from Basque literature and extensive vocabulary listings. Most chapters conclude with exercises. Part 1 covers the grammar and Part 2 contains glosses for the example sentences and indexes.

The first modern pedagogically oriented reference to the grammar of standard Basque (Euskara Batua), in two parts: Part 1 presents detailed grammar lessons; Part 2 contains glosses and supplementary materials.
Map of the Basque Country
xvi
Foreword (Pello Salaburu) xvii
Acknowledgments (Virginia de Rijk-Chan) xxiii
Introduction; Orthography and Pronunciation; the Basque Noun Phrase
1(24)
Basque Dialects and Euskara Batua
1(3)
Spelling and Pronunciation
4(13)
Introducing the Basque Noun Phrase
17(3)
Vocabulary
20(2)
Exercises
22(3)
More about the Basque Noun Phrase
25(24)
Numerals
25(6)
Case Endings
31(4)
Definite and Indefinite
35(9)
Syntax and Nature of the Genitive
44(1)
Fractionals
45(1)
Expressive Adjectives
46(1)
Vocabulary
47(1)
Exercises
48(1)
The System of Locative Case Endings
49(20)
Introductory Remarks
49(1)
The Definite Singular Locative Paradigm for Common Nouns
50(2)
The Definite Plural Locative Paradigm
52(1)
The Indefinite Locative Paradigm
53(4)
The Declension of Place Names
57(3)
The Locative Paradigm for Animate Noun Phrases
60(2)
Temporal Use of Locatives
62(1)
Derivational Morphology
62(3)
The Diminutive Suffix -xka
65(1)
Terms for `sister' and `brother'
66(1)
Vocabulary
67(1)
Exercises
68(1)
The Syntax of Location Nouns
69(20)
Introduction
69(12)
Telling Time
81(3)
Compounds with arte
84(1)
The Augmentative Suffix -tzar
85(1)
Vocabulary
86(1)
Exercises
87(2)
The Grammar of Adnominal Forms
89(22)
The Linking Morpheme -ko
89(2)
Postposition Deletion
91(7)
Similarities between Adnominals and Genitives
98(2)
Hints for Translating English Possessive Phrases into Basque
100(3)
Historical and Bibliographical Comments
103(2)
The Frequency Suffix -ero
105(2)
The Four Seasons of the Year
107(1)
The Months of the Year
107(1)
The Days of the Week
108(1)
Vocabulary
109(1)
Exercises
109(2)
Personal Pronouns; Synthetic Conjugation of Intransitive Verbs
111(24)
Personal Pronouns
111(5)
Synthetic Conjugation of Intransitive Verbs
116(7)
Deictic Location Words
123(2)
Complex Locatives
125(1)
The Period Suffix -te
126(1)
A Suffix Denoting Origin: -tar
127(5)
The Propensity Suffix -tiar
132(1)
Vocabulary
132(1)
Exercises
133(2)
Periphrastic Conjugation of Intransitive Verbs
135(26)
Inventory of Intransitive Verbs
135(4)
Participles and Other Nonfinite Verb Forms
139(3)
The Indicative Mood
142(8)
Morphologically Derived Intransitives
150(4)
Bare Nouns Governed by izan `to be'
154(2)
The Expression bizi izan `to live'
156(1)
Diminutive Adjectives in -xko
156(1)
Vocabulary
157(1)
Exercises
158(3)
Modal Particles; Topic; Focus and Constituent Order
161(26)
Modal Particles
161(4)
Syntax of Negation
165(3)
Syntax of Emphatic Assertion
168(1)
Relative Order of Participle and Auxiliary
169(2)
Topic
171(1)
Focus
172(11)
The Suffix of Abundance -tsu
183(2)
Vocabulary
185(1)
Exercises
186(1)
Synthetic Present of Transitive Verbs; Ergativity; Demonstratives
187(26)
Synthetic Present of Transitive Verbs
187(9)
Ergativity
196(4)
Use of Synthetic Forms of Transitive Verbs
200(4)
Number Agreement
204(1)
Multi-pro-drop
205(1)
Demonstrative Pronouns: Declension and Use
205(4)
The Behavioral Suffix -ti
209(1)
Vocabulary
210(1)
Exercises
211(2)
Synthetic Past of Transitive Verbs; Universal Quantifiers
213(20)
Past Tense Morphology of Transitive Verbs
213(7)
Syntax of Past Tense Verbs
220(1)
Periphrastic Conjugation of Transitive Verbs
221(2)
The Substantival Quantifier dena `all'
223(2)
The Adjectival Quantifier guzti `all'
225(2)
The Propensity Suffix -koi
227(1)
Compounds with zale
228(2)
Vocabulary
230(1)
Exercises
230(3)
Adverbs of Manner and Degree
233(26)
Manner Adverbs
233(8)
Degree Adverbs
241(6)
Operators of Approximation: ia, kasik, abantzu
247(2)
Some Sentence Adverbs of Modality: Translations of `perhaps'
249(2)
The Determiner beste `other'
251(3)
The Manner Adverb bestela `otherwise'
254(1)
The Parasuffix gai Denoting `matter'
255(2)
Vocabulary
257(1)
Exercises
257(2)
Transitivity
259(30)
Some Meaning Classes of Transitive Verbs
259(6)
Preliminary Remarks on Transitivity
265(2)
Morphologically Derived Transitives
267(7)
The Anticausative Alternation
274(5)
The Middle Voice
279(3)
Actor Nouns: The Suffix -(tzai)le
282(3)
Vocabulary
285(1)
Exercises
286(3)
The Partitive; the Verb egin and Its Complements; gabe
289(28)
The Partitive
289(6)
Particularities of the Verb egin
295(3)
Bare Noun Objects of egin
298(8)
Bare Noun Objects of Other Verbs
306(2)
Constructions with gabe
308(4)
The Parasuffix gabe
312(2)
Vocabulary
314(1)
Exercises
315(2)
Object Complements of *edun; Modal Verbs
317(26)
Object Complements of *edun
317(4)
Preterito-present Verbs
321(1)
Syntax of nahi
322(6)
Syntax of gogo and asmo
328(2)
Syntax of behar
330(4)
Expressing Habit: Constructions with ohi
334(1)
The Incentive Suffix -garri
335(5)
Vocabulary
340(1)
Exercises
340(3)
Dative Agreement; Reflexives and Reciprocals
343(32)
Dative Agreement and Its Morphology
343(3)
Vestigial Synthetic Dative Forms
346(2)
Dative Forms of the Auxiliaries
348(3)
Dative Paradigms of Two Transitive Verbs
351(5)
Some Issues of Dative Syntax
356(3)
Particularities of the Verb eman
359(5)
Strongly Reflexive Nominals
364(4)
Reciprocals
368(4)
Compounds with buru and elkar
372(1)
Vocabulary
372(1)
Exercises
373(2)
Causatives and Gerundives
375(38)
Archaic Causatives
375(2)
Productive Causatives
377(3)
Permissive Causatives
380(3)
Introducing the Gerundive
383(2)
Subject-Controlled Gerundives
385(13)
Raising Out of Gerundives
398(2)
Object-Controlled Gerundives
400(5)
The Nature of Gerundives
405(2)
Denominal Agentives: The Suffixes -gile and -gin
407(2)
Vocabulary
409(2)
Exercises
411(2)
Conditionals; the Prolative
413(26)
Conditional Sentences
413(4)
Morphology of the Conditional Mood
417(5)
Syntax of Conditional Forms
422(3)
Nonfinite Protases
425(2)
Free Conditionals
427(1)
Concessive ere
428(1)
The Adnominal Inessive -kotan
429(1)
The Prolative -tzat `as (a) ...', `for (a) ...'
430(5)
The Parasuffix tasun `-ness'
435(1)
Vocabulary
436(1)
Exercises
437(2)
Direct and Indirect Questions; Finite Complement Clauses
439(32)
Constituent Questions
439(11)
Finite Complement Clauses in the Indicative Mood
450(4)
The Complementizer -NA
454(2)
The Partitive Complementizer -NIK
456(1)
Negative Raising and Hyperraising
457(2)
Cross-Clause Focus Movement
459(1)
More on Topic
459(2)
Noun Complementation
461(3)
A Nominal Suffix of Reprehension: -keria
464(3)
Vocabulary
467(1)
Exercises
468(3)
Relative Clauses
471(38)
Introduction
471(19)
Nonfinite Relatives
490(6)
Adjoined Relatives
496(2)
Corelatives
498(1)
Relatives Based on Fronted Interrogatives
499(1)
Historical and Bibliographical Note on Relativization
500(1)
The Inclusive Article -ok
501(1)
The Property Suffix -dun
502(3)
Vocabulary
505(1)
Exercises
506(3)
Time Adverbials
509(38)
Time Adverbs
509(9)
Time Clauses Based on the Noun ordu
518(7)
Time Expressions Based on the Noun aldi
525(4)
Temporal Use of Location Nouns
529(6)
The Delimitative Suffix -ino, as in deino
535(1)
Constructions with eta Denoting Posteriority
536(1)
Impendency Predicates
537(1)
Circumstantial Clauses
538(2)
Compounds with aldi
540(4)
Vocabulary
544(1)
Exercises
544(3)
The Subjunctive
547(22)
Introduction
547(1)
Subjunctive Morphology
547(5)
Subjunctive Complement Clauses
552(5)
Use of the Subjunctive in Adverbial Clauses
557(3)
Subjunctive Relatives
560(1)
Hortatives
560(1)
Optatives
561(2)
Use of the Hypothetical Tense
563(1)
Action Nominals with the Suffix -keta
563(4)
The Nominal Suffix -keta Denoting Abundance
567(1)
Vocabulary
567(1)
Exercises
568(1)
Imperatives and Jussives
569(30)
Introduction
569(1)
Imperative Morphology
569(5)
Syntax of Imperatives
574(8)
Jussive Morphology
582(4)
The Syntax of Jussives
586(1)
Use and Function of the Jussive
586(3)
Deverbal -men Indicating Capability
589(2)
Deverbal -pen Indicating Result
591(3)
Deverbal -tzapen Indicating Result
594(1)
Vocabulary
595(1)
Exercises
596(3)
Causal, Explanatory, and Concessive Clauses
599(36)
Indicating Cause
599(5)
Explanatory eta Clauses
604(4)
Causal and Explanatory Uses of the Prefix bait-
608(2)
Explanatory Instrumental Clauses
610(3)
Causal Clauses Based on Fronted Interrogatives
613(5)
Inferential Adverbs
618(5)
Concessive Constructions
623(4)
Deverbal -kor Marking Inclination
627(3)
The Adjectival Suffix -bera Marking an Inordinate Proclivity
630(1)
Vocabulary
631(1)
Exercises
632(3)
Expressing Potentiality
635(36)
Morphology of the Potential Mood
635(8)
Use of the Potential Mood and Its Tenses
643(4)
Syntax of ezin in Negative Potential Clauses
647(1)
Synthetic Potential Forms
648(2)
Morphology and Use of Potential Protasis Forms
650(3)
The Lexical Potential
653(7)
Some Other Uses of ahal
660(1)
The Syntactic Potential
661(2)
The Nouns gauza and gai as Predicates of Ability
663(2)
Compounds with ezin and Its Near Synonym gaitz
665(3)
Vocabulary
668(1)
Exercises
669(2)
Complex Predicates; Transitive Predication and Predicatives
671(28)
Complex Predicates
671(4)
Transitive Predication
675(6)
Attributive Use of Perfect Participle Clauses
681(1)
Adjectives Modifying Perfect Participles: berri and zahar
681(1)
Predicatives
682(8)
Ergative Predicates
690(2)
Participial Predicatives with -ta
692(1)
Miscellaneous Suffixes
693(4)
Vocabulary
697(1)
Exercises
697(2)
Comparatives
699(38)
Comparatives of Similarity: bezala and legez
699(4)
Comparatives Denoting Equality in Quality
703(2)
Comparatives Denoting Equality in Quantity
705(4)
Comparatives Denoting Superiority
709(11)
Superlatives
720(4)
Excessives
724(2)
The Suffix of Approximation: -tsu
726(1)
The Suffix of Precision: -xe
727(4)
Manner Expressions
731(2)
Vocabulary
733(1)
Exercises
734(3)
Use of the Instrumental Case
737(44)
Introduction; Instrumental Expressing Means
737(12)
Instrumental Expressing Cause or Motive
749(4)
Instrumental Predicatives
753(3)
Instrumentals Expressing Manner
756(1)
Instrumentals Expressing Criteria
757(2)
Instrumentals Measuring Differences
759(1)
Instrumentals Relating to Time
760(1)
Instrumentals Governed by Postpositions
761(1)
How to Express Aboutness
762(4)
Instrumental Complements
766(4)
Nonfinite Instrumental Clauses
770(3)
The Noun kide and the Suffix -kizun
773(3)
Vocabulary
776(1)
Exercises
777(4)
The Unfinished
Chapters
779(2)
Indefinite Pronouns and Related Matters; the Synthetic Future Tense
781(28)
Indefinite Pronouns
781(12)
The Adjective bvr
793(6)
The Universal Quantifier oro
799(3)
The Synthetic Future Tense
802(7)
Allocutive Verb Forms and Their Use; Nonfinite Sentential Complements
809(20)
Allocutive Verb Forms and Their Use
809(15)
Overview of Nonfinite Sentential Complements
824(5)
Coordination
829(24)
Conjunctions
829(7)
Syntactic Features of Coordination in Basque
836(14)
The Distributive Suffix -na
850(3)
Compounds
853(24)
Compounds in Basque
853(1)
Morphophonology of Compounds
853(7)
Types of Compounds
860(17)
Reduplication; Parasuffixes, Prefixes, and Paraprefixes
877(20)
Reduplication
877(4)
Distributive Duplication
881(1)
Parasuffixes
882(9)
Prefixes
891(2)
Paraprefixes
893(4)
Additional Derivational Suffixes
897(28)
The Additional Derivational Suffixes
897(28)
Key to the Exercises 925(28)
Vocabulary 953(1)
Basque-English 953(28)
English-Basque 981(14)
Bibliography 995(1)
Abbreviations 995(1)
A Note on the Biblical Sources 995(1)
References 996(6)
Sources 1002