| Preface |
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ix | |
| Abbreviations and Acronyms |
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xiii | |
| Color Plates |
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xv | |
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1 Firm and Less Firm Outcomes of Stellar Evolution Theory |
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1 | (34) |
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1.1 A Brief Journey through Stellar Evolution |
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1 | (17) |
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1 | (7) |
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1.1.2 The Evolution of Stars with Solar Composition |
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8 | (4) |
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1.1.3 Dependence on Initial Chemical Composition |
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12 | (3) |
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1.1.4 The Asymptotic Giant Branch Phase |
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15 | (3) |
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1.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Stellar Evolutionary Models |
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18 | (13) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (11) |
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1.3 The Initial Mass-Final Mass Relation |
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31 | (4) |
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2 The Fundamentals of Evolutionary Population Synthesis |
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35 | (26) |
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2.1 The Stellar Evolution Clock |
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35 | (3) |
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2.2 The Evolutionary Flux |
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38 | (1) |
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2.3 The Fuel Consumption Theorem |
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39 | (3) |
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42 | (4) |
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2.5 Population Synthesis Using Isochrones |
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46 | (1) |
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2.6 The Luminosity Evolution of Stellar Populations |
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47 | (2) |
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2.7 The Specific Evolutionary Flux |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (1) |
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2.9 Total and Specific Rates of Mass Return |
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52 | (4) |
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2.10 Mass and Mass-to-Light Ratio |
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56 | (1) |
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2.11 IMF-Dependent and IMF-Independent Quantities |
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57 | (1) |
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2.12 The Age-Metallicity Degeneracy |
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58 | (3) |
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3 Resolving Stellar Populations |
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61 | (16) |
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3.1 The Stellar Populations of Pixels and Frames |
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61 | (7) |
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3.1.1 The Stellar Population of a Frame |
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61 | (3) |
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3.1.2 The Stellar Population of a Pixel |
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64 | (4) |
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3.2 Simulated Observations and Their Reduction |
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68 | (9) |
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4 Age Dating Resolved Stellar Populations |
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77 | (36) |
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4.1 Globular Cluster Ages |
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77 | (6) |
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4.1.1 Absolute and Relative Globular Cluster Ages |
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78 | (2) |
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4.1.2 Globular Clusters with Multiple Populations |
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80 | (3) |
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4.2 The Age of the Galactic Bulge |
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83 | (3) |
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4.3 Globular Clusters in the Magellanic Clouds |
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86 | (2) |
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4.4 Stellar Ages of the M31 Spheroid |
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88 | (4) |
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88 | (2) |
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4.4.2 The M31 Halo and Giant Stream |
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90 | (2) |
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4.5 The Star Formation Histories of Resolved Galaxies |
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92 | (21) |
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4.5.1 The Mass-Specific Production |
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93 | (5) |
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98 | (4) |
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4.5.3 The Specific Production Method |
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102 | (2) |
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4.5.4 The Synthetic CMD Method |
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104 | (2) |
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4.5.5 An Example: the Stellar Population in the Halo of the Centaurus A Galaxy |
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106 | (7) |
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5 The Evolutionary Synthesis of Stellar Populations |
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113 | (20) |
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5.1 Simple Stellar Populations |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (1) |
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5.2.1 Empirical Spectral Libraries |
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115 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Model Atmosphere Libraries |
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116 | (1) |
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5.3 Composite Stellar Populations |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (15) |
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5.4.1 The Spectral Evolution of a SSP |
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118 | (3) |
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5.4.2 The Spectral Evolution of Composite Stellar Populations |
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121 | (7) |
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5.4.3 There Are Also Binaries |
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128 | (5) |
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6 Stellar Population Diagnostics of Galaxies |
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133 | (38) |
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6.1 Measuring Star Formation Rates |
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133 | (7) |
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6.1.1 The SFR from the Ultraviolet Continuum |
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134 | (2) |
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6.1.2 The SFR from the Far-Infrared Luminosity |
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136 | (1) |
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6.1.3 The SFR from Optical Emission Lines |
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137 | (1) |
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6.1.4 The SFR from the Soft X-ray Luminosity |
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138 | (1) |
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6.1.5 The SFR from the Radio Luminosity |
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139 | (1) |
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6.2 Measuring the Stellar Mass of Galaxies |
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140 | (3) |
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6.3 Age and Metallicity Diagnostics |
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143 | (10) |
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6.3.1 Star-Forming Galaxies |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (8) |
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6.4 Star-Forming and Quenched Galaxies through Cosmic Times |
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153 | (18) |
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6.4.1 The Main Sequence of Star-Forming Galaxies |
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155 | (8) |
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6.4.2 The Mass and Environment of Quenched Galaxies |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (7) |
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171 | (36) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (9) |
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176 | (3) |
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7.2.2 Nucleosynthetic Yields |
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179 | (5) |
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7.3 Thermonuclear Supernovae |
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184 | (18) |
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7.3.1 Evolutionary Scenarios for SNIa Progenitors |
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185 | (2) |
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7.3.2 The Distribution of Delay Times |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (3) |
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191 | (6) |
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7.3.5 Constraining the DTD and the SNIa Productivity |
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197 | (4) |
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201 | (1) |
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7.4 The Relative Role of Core Collapse and Thermonuclear Supernovae |
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202 | (5) |
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8 The IMF from Low to High Redshift |
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207 | (12) |
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8.1 How the IMF Affects Stellar Demography |
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208 | (3) |
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8.2 The M/L Ratio of Elliptical Galaxies and the IMF Slope below 1 M |
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211 | (2) |
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8.3 The Redshift Evolution of the M/L Ratio of Cluster Ellipticals and the IMF Slope between ~ 1 and ~ 1.4M |
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213 | (1) |
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8.4 The Metal Content of Galaxy Clusters and the IMF Slope between ~ 1 and ~ 40 M, and Above |
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214 | (5) |
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9 Evolutionary Links Across Cosmic Time: an Empirical History of Galaxies |
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219 | (18) |
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9.1 The Growth and Overgrowth of Galaxies |
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221 | (3) |
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9.2 A Phenomenological Model of Galaxy Evolution |
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224 | (13) |
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9.2.1 How Mass Quenching Operates |
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225 | (2) |
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9.2.2 How Environmental Quenching Operates |
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227 | (2) |
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9.2.3 The Evolving Demography of Galaxies |
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229 | (3) |
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232 | (2) |
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9.2.5 The Physics of Quenching |
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234 | (3) |
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10 The Chemical Evolution of Galaxies, Clusters, and the Whole Universe |
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237 | (24) |
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10.1 Clusters of Galaxies |
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237 | (13) |
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10.1.1 Iron in the Intracluster Medium and the Iron Mass-to-Light Ratio |
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238 | (6) |
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10.1.2 The Iron Share between ICM and Cluster Galaxies |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (2) |
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10.1.4 Metal Production: the Parent Stellar Populations |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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10.1.6 Iron and Metals from Core Collapse SNe |
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249 | (1) |
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10.2 Metals from Galaxies to the ICM: Ejection versus Extraction |
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250 | (2) |
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10.3 Clusters versus Field and the Overall Metallicity of the Universe |
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252 | (2) |
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10.4 Clusters versus the Chemical Evolution of the Milky Way |
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254 | (7) |
| Index |
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261 | |