Academic Text |
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vii | |
Preface |
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xi | |
About the Author |
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xiii | |
Summary of Chapters |
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xxiii | |
The Important Formulas |
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xxvii | |
1 Introduction: Stock Markets, Investments and Corporate Financial Decision Making |
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1 | (12) |
2 A Short History of Stock Markets |
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13 | (54) |
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2.1 Markets in recent times |
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15 | (6) |
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2.1.1 A performance in three acts |
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15 | (6) |
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2.1.1.1 Supporting cast for the stock markets and large firms |
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15 | (282) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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4 The Central Banks (the Federal Reserve in the US) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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6 The professionally managed funds: Mutual funds/hedge funds/insurance funds/pension funds |
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19 | (1) |
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7 The credit rating agencies |
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20 | (1) |
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8 The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2 Prologue: The early background economy |
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21 | (46) |
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2.2.1 Act I: The 1980s Bull Market and Black Monday |
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23 | (14) |
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2.2.2 Act II: The dot.com bubble and Black Friday |
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37 | (6) |
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2.2.3 Act III: Securitization and the global financial crisis |
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43 | (24) |
3 The Time Value of Money and Financial Planning |
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67 | (28) |
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68 | (1) |
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3.2 The time-value of money: Discrete returns, compounding and discounting |
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69 | (4) |
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3.2.1 Percentages as fractions |
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69 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Single-period growth |
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70 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Multiple period growth |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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3.3 Perpetuities and annuities |
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73 | (5) |
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3.3.1 A growing perpetuity |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Present value of an annuity |
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75 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Future value of an annuity |
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76 | (2) |
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3.4 Quarterly (and semi-annual, etc.) payments |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (2) |
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3.6 Planning for retirement |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (3) |
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3.8 Planning for retirement allowing for money purchasing power |
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87 | (2) |
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3.9 Repayment of a mortgage |
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89 | (1) |
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3.10 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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90 | (5) |
4 Market Debt, Interest Rates and Bond Valuation |
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95 | (30) |
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96 | (1) |
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4.2 Short-term financing: The money markets |
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97 | (4) |
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100 | (1) |
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4.3 The role of a central bank in determining interest rates |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (4) |
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4.6 Required discount rate and risk of default |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (6) |
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i The expectations hypothesis (anticipation of interest rates) |
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110 | (3) |
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ii The liquidity hypothesis (interest rate risk) |
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113 | (2) |
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iii The segmentation hypothesis (segmented markets) |
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115 | (1) |
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4.8 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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116 | (9) |
5 The Valuation of Equity Shares |
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125 | (40) |
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126 | (1) |
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5.2 The provision of equity finance |
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127 | (1) |
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5.3 Share price response to new equity issues |
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128 | (6) |
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5.4 The discounting of dividends model of share valuation |
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134 | (3) |
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5.5 A firm with a fixed growth |
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137 | (2) |
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5.6 A firm with zero (real) growth |
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139 | (2) |
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5.7 Motivation for dividends |
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141 | (2) |
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5.8 Self-sustaining growth |
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143 | (4) |
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147 | (6) |
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5.10 Share price determination in practice |
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153 | (2) |
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5.10.1 Fundamentals as a basis for share valuation |
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153 | (1) |
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5.10.2 The psychology of the market |
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154 | (1) |
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5.11 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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155 | (10) |
6 Shareholders' Required Rate of Return (The Cost of Equity Capital) |
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165 | (28) |
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167 | (1) |
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6.2 The CAPM as a determination of the discount rate |
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167 | (6) |
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6.3 Empirical issues with the CAPM |
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173 | (3) |
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6.4 Empirical tests of the CAPM |
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176 | (3) |
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6.5 Assessment of the CAPM |
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179 | (4) |
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6.6 The Fama and French three-factor (FF-3F) model |
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183 | (4) |
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6.7 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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187 | (6) |
7 Accounting Statements and Ratio Analysis |
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193 | (32) |
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194 | (2) |
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196 | (11) |
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7.2.1 The income statement (Table 7.1) |
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197 | (2) |
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7.2.2 The balance sheet (Table 7.2) |
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199 | (3) |
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7.2.3 The self-locking nature of the Income Statement and Balance Sheet |
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202 | (1) |
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7.2.4 The statement of cash flows (Table 7.3) |
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203 | (4) |
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7.3 Ratio analysis (Table 7.4) |
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207 | (11) |
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209 | (8) |
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7.3.2 Du pont ratio analysis |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (2) |
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7.5 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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220 | (5) |
8 Financial Leverage |
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225 | (32) |
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226 | (1) |
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8.2 Leverage of the firm's capital structure |
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227 | (3) |
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230 | (1) |
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8.4 Derivation of Modigliani and Miller's Propositions I and II |
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231 | (4) |
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8.5 The Modigliani and Miller propositions and the CAPM |
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235 | (3) |
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8.6 Consistency of the discounting of dividends model with leverage and the CAPM and MM propositions |
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238 | (5) |
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8.7 The MM propositions challenged |
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243 | (1) |
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8.8 An optimal debt leverage |
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244 | (2) |
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8.9 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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246 | (11) |
9 Valuation of Cash Flows |
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257 | (30) |
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258 | (3) |
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9.2 Methods of discounting: The CFE (kE) and FCF (WACC) approaches |
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261 | (6) |
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9.2.1 The cash flow to equity (CFE) approach |
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261 | (3) |
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9.2.2 The operating free cash flow (FCF) discounted by the WACC approach |
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264 | (3) |
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9.3 Additional examples demonstrating consistency of the discounting methods |
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267 | (5) |
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9.4 The WACC as industry-favored approach |
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272 | (1) |
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9.5 Key elements of the cash flow |
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273 | (4) |
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9.6 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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277 | (10) |
10 Currency Exchange Rates |
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287 | (30) |
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289 | (1) |
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10.2 The forces driving an exchange rate |
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290 | (5) |
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10.3 Manipulating exchange rates |
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295 | (2) |
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10.3.1 Currency conversion and the principle of dimensional consistency |
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295 | (1) |
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10.3.2 Direct and indirect quotes for currencies |
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296 | (1) |
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10.4 A model of exchange rates in response to interest rates and inflation: The parity conditions |
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297 | (12) |
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10.4.1 Purchasing power parity (PPP), relative purchasing power parity (RPPP) |
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297 | (6) |
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10.4.1.1 Relative purchasing power parity (RPPP) and percentage changes in currencies |
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298 | (2) |
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10.4.1.2 Relative purchasing power parity (RPPP) and "follow through" |
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300 | (3) |
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10.4.1.3 A reality check on purchasing power parity (PPP) |
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303 | (1) |
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10.4.2 Interest rate parity (IRP) |
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303 | (3) |
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10.4.2.1 A reality check on interest rate parity (IRP) |
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305 | (1) |
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10.4.3 Forward rate parity (FRP) |
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306 | (19) |
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10.4.3.1 The currency premium (or discount) |
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309 | (1) |
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10.5 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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309 | (8) |
11 Derivatives Instruments: Hedging (Speculating on) Currency Risk |
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317 | (36) |
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318 | (1) |
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11.2 Forward and future contracts |
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319 | (4) |
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323 | (2) |
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11.4 Options and foreign currencies |
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325 | (8) |
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326 | (3) |
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11.4.2 Seller (writer) of a call |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (1) |
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11.4.4 Seller (writer) of a put |
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332 | (1) |
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11.5 Price discovery: Intrinsic and time value |
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333 | (1) |
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11.6 Speculating on foreign exchange |
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333 | (3) |
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11.7 Hedging corporate foreign exchange exposure |
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336 | (6) |
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11.8 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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342 | (11) |
12 Investment Decision-Making: Theory and Practice |
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353 | (12) |
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354 | (1) |
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12.2 Investment decision making |
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355 | (7) |
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12.3 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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362 | (3) |
13 Equity Value and Personal Taxes |
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365 | (12) |
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366 | (1) |
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13.2 Share returns and personal taxes |
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366 | (5) |
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13.3 Personal taxes and an imputation tax system |
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371 | (2) |
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13.4 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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373 | (4) |
14 Financial Leverage (Revisited) |
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377 | (32) |
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379 | (1) |
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14.2 The tax deductibility of the firm's interest payments |
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379 | (7) |
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14.3 Alternative to Modigliani and Miller's derivation of the corporate tax shield (PVTS) |
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386 | (8) |
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14.4 The corporate tax shield challenged |
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394 | (2) |
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14.5 Adjustment to Equations (14.8)-(14.9) and (14.11)-(14.12) |
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396 | (3) |
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14.6 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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399 | (10) |
15 Valuation of the Firm's Cash Flows (Revisited) |
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409 | (28) |
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410 | (1) |
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15.2 Alternative methods of discounting |
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410 | (3) |
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15.2.1 The adjusted present value (APV) method |
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411 | (1) |
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15.2.2 The capital cash flow (CCF) method |
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412 | (1) |
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15.3 Algebraic consistency between the adjusted present value (APV) and capital cash flow (CCF) methods of discounting and the CFE and WACC methods (of Chapter 9) |
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413 | (11) |
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414 | (2) |
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416 | (8) |
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15.4 Recalculation of illustrative examples 9.3-9.5 from Chapter 9 with the APV and CCF (kAv) methods |
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424 | (7) |
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15.5 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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431 | (6) |
16 Ethical Behavior |
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437 | (6) |
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438 | (1) |
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16.2 The meaning of ethical behavior |
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439 | (3) |
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16.3 Time for reflection: What have we learned? |
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442 | (1) |
Solutions to Multiple Choice Questions and Illustrative Examples |
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443 | (44) |
Index |
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487 | |