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Supervised Learning with Complex-valued Neural Networks 2013 ed. [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 170 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 4144 g, XXII, 170 p., 1 Hardback
  • Sari: Studies in Computational Intelligence 421
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Jul-2012
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3642294901
  • ISBN-13: 9783642294907
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 170 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 4144 g, XXII, 170 p., 1 Hardback
  • Sari: Studies in Computational Intelligence 421
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Jul-2012
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3642294901
  • ISBN-13: 9783642294907
Teised raamatud teemal:
A new generation of neural networks is needed in telecommunications, medical imaging and signal processing as signals become more complex and nonlinear. This survey of the latest complex-valued networks includes learning algorithms and new architectures.

Recent advancements in the field of telecommunications, medical imaging and signal processing deal with signals that are inherently time varying, nonlinear and complex-valued. The time varying, nonlinear characteristics of these signals can be effectively analyzed using artificial neural networks. Furthermore, to efficiently preserve the physical characteristics of these complex-valued signals, it is important to develop complex-valued neural networks and derive their learning algorithms to represent these signals at every step of the learning process. This monograph comprises a collection of new supervised learning algorithms along with novel architectures for complex-valued neural networks. The concepts of meta-cognition equipped with a self-regulated learning have been known to be the best human learning strategy. In this monograph, the principles of meta-cognition have been introduced for complex-valued neural networks in both the batch and sequential learning modes. For applications where the computation time of the training process is critical, a fast learning complex-valued neural network called as a fully complex-valued relaxation network along with its learning algorithm has been presented. The presence of orthogonal decision boundaries helps complex-valued neural networks to outperform real-valued networks in performing classification tasks. This aspect has been highlighted. The performances of various complex-valued neural networks are evaluated on a set of benchmark and real-world function approximation and real-valued classification problems.
1 Introduction 1(30)
1.1 Nature of Complex-valued Neural Networks
2(6)
1.1.1 Split Complex-valued Neural Network
2(2)
1.1.2 Fully Complex-valued Neural Networks
4(4)
1.2 Types of Learning
8(9)
1.2.1 Supervised Learning
8(5)
1.2.2 Unsupervised Learning
13(4)
1.3 Mode of Learning
17(3)
1.3.1 Complex-valued Batch Learning Algorithms
17(2)
1.3.2 Complex-valued Sequential Learning Algorithms
19(1)
1.4 Applications
20(4)
1.4.1 Digital Communication: QAM Equalization
21(1)
1.4.2 Array Signal Processing
21(1)
1.4.3 Real-Valued Classification
22(1)
1.4.4 Memories
23(1)
1.4.5 Other Applications
23(1)
References
24(7)
2 Fully Complex-valued Multi Layer Perceptron Networks 31(18)
2.1 Complex-valued Multi-Layer Perceptron Networks
32(8)
2.1.1 Split Complex-valued Multi-Layer Perceptron
32(3)
2.1.2 Fully Complex-valued Multi-Layer Perceptron
35(5)
2.2 Issues in Fully Complex-valued Multi-Layer Perceptron Networks
40(2)
2.2.1 Split Complex-valued MLP
41(1)
2.2.2 Fully Complex-valued MLP
41(1)
2.3 An Improved Fully Complex-valued Multi-Layer Perceptron (IC-MLP)
42(4)
2.3.1 A New Activation Function: exp
43(2)
2.3.2 Logarithmic Performance Index
45(1)
2.3.3 Learning Algorithm
46(1)
2.4 Summary
46(1)
References
47(2)
3 A Fully Complex-valued Radial Basis Function Network and Its Learning Algorithm 49(24)
3.1 Complex-valued RBF Networks
50(3)
3.2 Factors Influencing the Performance of Complex-valued RBF Networks
53(1)
3.3 A Fully Complex-valued RBF Network (FC-RBF)
54(2)
3.3.1 Network Architecture
54(1)
3.3.2 The Activation Function
54(2)
3.4 Learning Algorithm for the FC-RBF Network
56(5)
3.4.1 Network Initialization: K-means Clustering Algorithm
60(1)
3.5 Meta-cognitive Fully Complex-valued Radial Basis Function Network
61(8)
3.5.1 Cognitive Component of Mc-FCRBF: The FC-RBF Network
63(1)
3.5.2 Meta-cognitive Component of Mc-FCRBF: Self-regulatory Learning Mechanism
63(6)
3.6 Summary
69(1)
References
70(3)
4 Fully Complex-valued Relaxation Networks 73(12)
4.1 Fully Complex-valued Relaxation Networks
74(8)
4.1.1 FCRN Architecture
74(2)
4.1.2 Nonlinear Logarithmic Energy Function
76(1)
4.1.3 A Projection Based Learning Algorithm for FCRN
77(5)
4.2 Summary
82(1)
References
83(2)
5 Performance Study on Complex-valued Function Approximation Problems 85(24)
5.1 Synthetic Function Approximation Problems
85(4)
5.1.1 Synthetic Complex-valued Function Approximation Problem I (CFAP-I)
86(2)
5.1.2 Synthetic Complex-valued Function Approximation Problem II (CFAP-II)
88(1)
5.2 Real-World Problems
89(16)
5.2.1 Complex Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Channel Equalization Problem
89(3)
5.2.2 Cha and Kassam Channel Model
92(4)
5.2.3 Adaptive Beam-Forming Problem
96(9)
5.3 Summary
105(1)
References
106(3)
6 Circular Complex-valued Extreme Learning Machine Classifier 109(16)
6.1 Complex-valued Classifiers in the Literature
110(4)
6.1.1 Description of a Real-valued Classification Problem Done in the Complex Domain
110(1)
6.1.2 Multi-Layer Neural Network Based on Multi-Valued Neurons (MLMVN)
111(1)
6.1.3 Phase Encoded Complex-Valued Neural Network (PE-CVNN)
112(1)
6.1.4 Modifications in FC-MLP, FC-RBF and Mc-FCRBF Learning Algorithm to Solve Real-valued Classification Problems
113(1)
6.2 Circular Complex-valued Extreme Learning Machine Classifier
114(8)
6.2.1 Architecture of the Classifier
114(3)
6.2.2 Learning Algorithm of CC-ELM
117(1)
6.2.3 Orthogonal Decision Boundaries in CC-ELM
118(1)
6.2.4 Case (i): Orthogonality of Decision Boundaries in the Output Layer
118(2)
6.2.5 Case (ii): Orthogonality of Decision Boundaries in the Hidden Layer
120(2)
6.3 Summary
122(1)
References
123(2)
7 Performance Study on Real-valued Classification Problems 125(10)
7.1 Descriptions of Real-valued Benchmark Classification Problems
125(1)
7.2 Performance Study
126(3)
7.2.1 Performance Measures
126(1)
7.2.2 Multi-category Real-valued Classification Problems
127(2)
7.2.3 Binary Real-valued Classification Problems
129(1)
7.3 Performance Study Using a Real-world Acoustic Emission Classification Problem
129(3)
7.4 Summary
132(1)
References
132(3)
8 Complex-valued Self-regulatory Resource Allocation Network (CSRAN) 135
8.1 A Brief Review of Existing Complex-valued Sequential Learning Algorithms
137(1)
8.2 Complex-valued Minimal Resource Allocation Network (CMRAN)
138(5)
8.2.1 Drawbacks of the CMRAN Algorithm
143(1)
8.3 Complex-valued Growing and Pruning RBF (CGAP-RBF) Networks
143(3)
8.4 Incremental Fully Complex-valued Extreme Learning Machines (I-ELM)
146(1)
8.5 Complex-valued Self-regulatory Resource Allocation Network Learning Algorithm (CSRAN)
146(14)
8.5.1 Network Architecture
146(2)
8.5.2 Sequential Self-regulating Learning Scheme of CSRAN
148(4)
8.5.3 Guidelines for the Selection of the Self-regulatory Thresholds
152(4)
8.5.4 Illustration of the Self-regulatory Learning Principles Using a Complex-valued Function Approximation Problem
156(4)
8.6 Performance Study: Complex-valued Function Approximation Problems
160(5)
8.6.1 Complex-valued Function Approximation Problem I
160(1)
8.6.2 Complex-valued Function Approximation Problem II
160(2)
8.6.3 QAM Channel Equalization Problem
162(1)
8.6.4 Adaptive Beam Forming Problem
163(2)
8.7 Performance Study: Real-valued Classification Problems
165(1)
8.8 Summary
166(1)
References
167