| Abbreviations |
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ix | |
| Preface |
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1 | (8) |
| 1 Development of the interfacial surface in deformation of polymers |
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9 | (32) |
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1.1 The method for visualisation of structural rearrangements taking place during the variation of the surface area of deformed polymers |
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12 | (7) |
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1.2 Visualisation of structural rearrangements accompanying the development of the interfacial surface in deformation of rubbery polymers |
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19 | (10) |
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1.3 Visualisation of structural rearrangements taking place during annealing of amorphous polymers oriented above the glass transition temperature |
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29 | (4) |
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1.4 Rolling of glassy polycarbonate |
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33 | (3) |
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1.5 Structural rearrangement in the deformed polymer in the conditions of isometric heating |
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36 | (5) |
| 2 Healing of the interfacial surface in polymer systems |
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41 | (38) |
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2.1 Healing of the interfacial surfaces in rubbery polymers |
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41 | (4) |
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2.2 Healing of the interfacial surface in glassy polymers |
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45 | (4) |
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2.3 Heterophase healing of polymer interfaces |
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49 | (7) |
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2.4 Heterochemical healing of the polymer-polymer interfaces |
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56 | (2) |
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2.5 Monolithization of powders |
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58 | (5) |
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2.6 Healing of the interfaces produced upon fracture of glassy polymers |
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63 | (5) |
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2.7 Healing of the interfacial surface in deformed polymers |
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68 | (11) |
| 3 Special features of the structure and properties of surface layers and thin (nanometric) films of glassy polymers |
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79 | (29) |
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3.1 Measurement of the glass transition temperature of amorphous glassy polymers in thin films and thin surface layers |
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81 | (1) |
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3.2 Glass transition temperature of thin films of glassy polymers, deposited on solid substrates |
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81 | (7) |
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3.3 The glass transition temperature of free-standing thin films of glassy polymers |
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88 | (2) |
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3.4 Measurement of the glass transition temperature and molecular mobility in surface layers of bulk glassy polymers |
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90 | (1) |
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3.5 Interaction of metal nanoparticles with polymer surfaces |
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91 | (8) |
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3.6 Possible reasons for the decrease of the glass transition temperature in thin films and surface layers of amorphous polymers |
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99 | (9) |
| 4 Role of surface phenomena in shear yielding of glassy polymers |
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108 | (68) |
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4.1 Thermal ageing of polymer glasses |
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110 | (1) |
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4.2 The main features of the effect of thermal ageing on the properties of glassy polymers |
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111 | (3) |
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4.4 Physical ageing and the structure of glassy polymers |
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114 | (6) |
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4.4 Molecular mechanism of thermal ageing of glassy polymers |
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120 | (4) |
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4.5 Effect of mechanical action on the process of physical ageing of polymer glasses |
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124 | (2) |
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4.6 Properties of glassy polymers subjected to mechanical effects |
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126 | (11) |
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4.7 The spatial inhomogeneity of deformation of polymer glasses |
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137 | (10) |
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4.8 Structure of shear bands formed during deformation of glassy polymers |
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147 | (5) |
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4.9 The nature of structural-mechanical anomalies in the properties of deformed glassy polymers |
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152 | (24) |
| 5 Role of surface phenomena in the strain softening of glassy and crystalline polymers |
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176 | (40) |
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5.1 Strain softening of polymer systems, taking place without the formation of porosity |
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177 | (3) |
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5.2 Strain softening of glassy polymers |
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180 | (7) |
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5.3 Factors causing force softening of glassy polymers during crazing |
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187 | (3) |
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5.4 Strain softening of crystalline polymers |
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190 | (9) |
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5.5 Mechanism of strain softening of crystalline polymers |
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199 | (17) |
| 6 Role of surface phenomena in deformation of polymers in active liquid media |
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216 | (60) |
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6.1 What is the adsorption-active medium? |
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217 | (10) |
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6.2 Structural special features of deformation of polymers in adsorption-active media |
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227 | (1) |
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6.3 Crazing in liquid media - manifestation of the Rehbinder effect in polymers |
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228 | (1) |
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6.4 Mechanism of the formation of the unique structure of crazes |
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229 | (3) |
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6.5 Crazing dynamics of polymers in liquid media |
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232 | (13) |
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6.6 Main factors determining the dynamics of crazing of the polymer in the AAM |
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245 | (4) |
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6.7 The multiplicity factor of the number of areas of localised plastic deformation |
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249 | (2) |
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6.8 Relationship of the crazing dynamics of polymers in liquid media with the fine structure of crazes |
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251 | (3) |
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6.9 Crazing mechanism of polymers in liquid media |
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254 | (5) |
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6.10 Delocalized crazing of the polymers in liquid media |
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259 | (17) |
| 7 The structure and properties of crazed polymers |
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276 | (44) |
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7.1 Structural-mechanical aspects of deformation of crazed polymers |
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276 | (16) |
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7.2 Thermomechanical properties of crazed polymers |
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292 | (16) |
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308 | (2) |
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7.4 Adsorption properties of the crazed polymers |
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310 | (10) |
| 8 Multiphase nanodispersed systems based on crazed polymers |
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320 | (44) |
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8.1 Interaction of low-molecular substances with the highly developed surface of the crazed polymer |
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320 | (19) |
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8.2 Polymer-polymer nanomixtures based on crazed polymers |
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339 | (2) |
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8.3 Crazing as a method of producing nanosized porosity in polymers |
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341 | (2) |
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8.4 Special features of production of polymer-polymer nanocomposite by polymerisation in situ in a crazed polymer matrix |
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343 | (12) |
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8.5 Direct addition of the second polymer component to the crazed polymer matrix |
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355 | (9) |
| 9 Instability and self-organisation of polymer surfaces |
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364 | (51) |
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9.1 Special features of the development of interfacial surfaces during the flow of polymer melts and solutions |
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364 | (1) |
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9.2 Loss of stability and dispersion in flow and during phase separation in polymer systems |
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365 | (3) |
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9.3 Inhomogeneous swelling of polymers |
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368 | (2) |
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9.4 Electrodynamic and thermomechanical instability of polymer surfaces |
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370 | (4) |
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9.5 Polymers with thin rigid coatings |
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374 | (15) |
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9.6 Mechanism of the formation of the regular microrelief |
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389 | (11) |
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9.7 Regular fragmentation of the coating |
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400 | (7) |
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9.8 Surface structure formation in polymers with a chemically modified surface |
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407 | (3) |
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9.9 Polymer films with nanometric coatings - 'rigid coating on a soft substratum' systems |
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410 | (5) |
| 10 Evaluation of the structural and mechanical properties of nanometric surface layers |
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415 | (45) |
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10.1 Physical fundamentals of the method for evaluating the stress-strain properties of surface layers and nanometric coatings deposited on polymer films |
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416 | (3) |
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10.2 Modification of polymer surfaces |
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419 | (9) |
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10.3 Evaluation of the stress-strain properties of coatings deposited on polymer surfaces |
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428 | (2) |
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10.4 Evaluation of the stress-strain properties nanometric aluminium coatings |
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430 | (8) |
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10.5 Evaluation of the stress-strain properties of nanometric coatings based on noble metals |
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438 | (13) |
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10.6 The non-metallic coatings |
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451 | (9) |
| 11 Natural systems constructed on the basis of the 'rigid coating on a soft substratum' principle |
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460 | (19) |
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11.1 Examples of 'rigid coating on a soft substratum' natural systems |
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461 | (2) |
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11.2 The Earth - the typical 'rigid coating on the soft substratum' system |
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463 | (7) |
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11.3 Evaluation of the thickness of the Earth's crust |
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470 | (1) |
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11.4 Evaluation of the strength and longevity of the Earth's crust |
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471 | (8) |
| 12 Perspectives for the practical application of surface phenomena in solid polymers |
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479 | (41) |
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12.1 A new approach to the formation of nanocomposites with a polymer matrix |
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480 | (12) |
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12.2 Production of polymer films and fibres capable of influencing the environment |
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492 | (5) |
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12.3 Technological aspects of polymer modification by crazing |
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497 | (1) |
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12.4 Methods for increasing the efficiency of crazing |
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498 | (10) |
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12.5 Producing the transverse microrelief in polymer fibres and films |
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508 | (1) |
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12.6 Practical application of polymer films with a regular microrelief |
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509 | (11) |
| Index |
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520 | |
