From Michel Foucault's early studies on penitentiaries to analyses of security policies after 9/11, surveillance has become a key notion for understanding power and control in the modern world. Curiously, though, the concept has thus far received limited application within the history of science and technology, with the existing scholarship focusing largely on cases of scientific espionage rather than the practices of scientists. Using the overarching concept of the "surveillance imperative," this collection of essays offers a new window on the evolution of the environmental sciences during and after the Cold War. Collectively, these contributions argue that the surveillance imperative - that is, a conceptual link between the drives to know the enemy and to know the earth - offers a fruitful approach to the recent history of the earth sciences.
Arvustused
Individual essays could be useful assigned reading in advanced university courses in history of science, technology, and the Cold War . Academic historians and policy analysts will find in this text a trove of information about the remarkably expansive use of planetary science data during the Cold War and valuable context for the current, politically charged debate over big data surveillance that represents the legacy of these earlier programs. (Lisa Ruth Rand, Quest, Vol. 23 (1), 2016)
|
|
|
vii | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
ix | |
|
|
|
xi | |
| Introduction Knowing the Enemy, Knowing the Earth |
|
1 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
Section I Surveillance Strategies to Control Natural Resources |
|
|
|
Chapter 1 From the Ground Up: Uranium Surveillance and Atomic Energy in Western Europe |
|
|
23 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 2 Underground and Underwater: Oil Security in France and Britain during the Cold War |
|
|
45 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
Section II Monitoring the Earth: Nuclear Weapon Programs |
|
|
|
Chapter 3 "Unscare" and Conceal: The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and the Origin of International Radiation Monitoring |
|
|
69 | (16) |
|
|
|
Chapter 4 "In God We Trust, All Others We Monitor": Seismology, Surveillance, and the Test Ban Negotiations |
|
|
85 | (20) |
|
|
|
Section III Seeing the Sea---From Above and Below |
|
|
|
Chapter 5 Stormy Seas: Anglo-American Negotiations on Ocean Surveillance |
|
|
105 | (20) |
|
|
|
Chapter 6 Scientists and Sea Ice under Surveillance in the Early Cold War |
|
|
125 | (22) |
|
|
|
Section IV Surveillance Technologies |
|
|
|
Chapter 7 Space Technology and the Rise of the US Surveillance State |
|
|
147 | (24) |
|
|
|
Chapter 8 Serendipitous Outcomes in Space History: From Space Photography to Environmental Surveillance |
|
|
171 | (24) |
|
Sebastian Vincent Grevsmuhl |
|
|
Section V From Surveillance to Environmental Monitoring |
|
|
|
Chapter 9 Observing the Environmental Turn through the Global Environment Monitoring System |
|
|
195 | (18) |
|
|
|
Chapter 10 What Was Whole about the Whole Earth? Cold War and Scientific Revolution |
|
|
213 | (24) |
|
|
| Bibliography |
|
237 | (28) |
| Index |
|
265 | |
Matthew Adamson, McDaniel College, Hungary Soraya Boudia, University Paris-Est, Marne la Vallée, France. Lino Camprubí, University Autónoma of Barcelona, Spain. Roberto Cantoni, University of Manchester, UK. James R. Fleming, Colby College, USA. Sebastian Grevsmühl, UPMC, France. Néstor Herran, UPMC, France Roger Launius, Smithsonian Institution, USA. Robert Poole, University of Central Lancashire, UK. Sam Robinson, CHSTM, University of Manchester, UK.
