Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Syllable Structure: The Limits of Variation [Pehme köide]

2.00/5 (1 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)
(University of Michigan)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 292 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 234x156x16 mm, kaal: 459 g, Tables
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Feb-2010
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 019958110X
  • ISBN-13: 9780199581108
Teised raamatud teemal:
Syllable Structure: The Limits of VariationSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 292 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 234x156x16 mm, kaal: 459 g, Tables
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Feb-2010
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 019958110X
  • ISBN-13: 9780199581108
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780199581108.html
Märksõnad:
This book looks at the range of possible syllables in human languages. The syllable is a central notion in phonology, yet basic questions about it remain poorly understood and phonologists are divided on even the most elementary issues. For example, the word city has been syllabified as ci-ty (the 'maximal onset' analysis), cit-y (the 'no-open-lax-V' analysis), and cit-ty (the 'geminate C' analysis).

San Duanmu explores and clarifies these and many other related issues through an in-depth analysis of the entire lexicons of several languages. Some languages, such as Standard and Shanghai Chinese, have fairly simple syllables, yet a minimal difference in syllable structure has led to a dramatic difference in tonal behavior. Other languages, such as English, German, and Jiarong, have long consonant clusters and have been thought to require very large syllables: San Duanmu shows that the actual syllable structure in these languages is much simpler. He bases his analyses on quantitative data, paying equal attention to generalizations that are likely to be universal. He shows that a successful analysis of the syllable must take into account several theories, including feature theory, the Weight-Stress Principle, the size of morpheme inventory, and the metrical representation of the syllable.

San Duanmu's clear exposition will appeal to phonologists and advanced students and will provide a new benchmark in syllabic and prosodic analysis. He also offers an answer to the intriguing question: how different can human languages be?
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Notes on Transcription xiv
1 Introduciton
1(10)
1.1 Common terms describing syllable structure
5(6)
1.1.1 Summary of syllable terms
9(2)
2 Features, Sounds, Complex Sounds, and The no Contour Principle
11(25)
2.1 What is a sound?
11(7)
2.1.1 What is a minimal sound?
12(2)
2.1.2 Slicing or not?
14(2)
2.1.3 Defining the speech sound
16(2)
2.2 Features
18(3)
2.3 Representing affricates
21(1)
2.4 Are features innate?
22(1)
2.5 Sample sounds in features
23(2)
2.6 Complex sounds and the No Contour Principle
25(6)
2.6.1 Affricates
28(1)
2.6.2 Palatals and consonant-approximant clusters
29(1)
2.6.3 VNC clusters
30(1)
2.6.4 [ V?] clusters
31(1)
2.7 Consonants vs. vowels
31(1)
2.8 Length and diphthongs
32(1)
2.9 Underspecification
32(1)
2.10 Sounds vs. phonemes
33(2)
2.11 Summary
35(1)
3 Theories of Syllable Structure
36(36)
3.1 Defining the syllable
36(1)
3.2 Maximal syllable size and word-edge consonants
37(1)
3.3 Empty elements and the CV-only analysis
38(2)
3.4 The CVX theory
40(12)
3.4.1 Sonority, the peak rule, and the C rule
41(2)
3.4.2 Onset clusters: sonority analysis vs. complex-sound analysis
43(1)
3.4.3 VVN and VNC rhymes
44(1)
3.4.4 V: C rhymes
45(1)
3.4.5 Morphology and word-edge consonants
46(4)
3.4.6 Can [ 1p] be an onset or [ p1] be a coda?
50(1)
3.4.7 Summary
51(1)
3.5 Syllable boundaries
52(12)
3.5.1 Speaker intuition
52(2)
3.5.2 The Law of Initials (LOI) and the Law of Finals (LOF)
54(2)
3.5.3 Maximizing stressed syllables
56(1)
3.5.4 Maximal Onset
56(2)
3.5.5 The Weight-Stress Principle (WSP)
58(1)
3.5.6 Aspiration, flapping, and sounds at word-medial syllable boundaries
59(4)
3.5.7 Summary
63(1)
3.6 The alan alternation and the linking [ r]
64(2)
3.7 Epenthetic vowels between consonants
66(1)
3.8 Are there parameters for the maximal syllable size?
66(2)
3.9 The "spotty-data" problem
68(1)
3.10 Summary
69(3)
4 Syllable Structure in Chinese
72(14)
4.1 Syllable boundaries
72(1)
4.2 The onset: obligatory or optional?
73(3)
4.3 The analysis of CG
76(2)
4.4 Structure of stressed syllables
78(2)
4.5 Structure of unstressed syllables
80(1)
4.6 Casual speech and vowel-less syllables
81(1)
4.7 Final vs. non-final positions
82(1)
4.8 CVVC syllables
82(3)
4.8.1 VVC rhymes in Cantonese
82(2)
4.8.2 VVC rhymes in Fuzhou
84(1)
4.9 Summary
85(1)
5 Standard Chinese
86(26)
5.1 Sound inventory and tones
86(3)
5.2 Syllable inventory
89(7)
5.2.1 Syllable frequencies and homophone density
89(4)
5.2.2 Phoneme frequencies
93(1)
5.2.3 Onset and rhyme frequencies
94(1)
5.2.4 Tonal frequencies
95(1)
5.3 Accounting for missing syllables
96(7)
5.4 The [ r]-suffix
103(2)
5.5 Syllabic consonants
105(3)
5.6 Homophone density, frequency, and syllable loss
108(3)
5.7 Summary
111(1)
6 Shanghai Chinese
112(17)
6.1 Consonant inventory
114(1)
6.2 GVX inventory
114(2)
6.3 Analysis of the GVX inventory
116(5)
6.4 Frequency data on syllables in Mainstream Shanghai
121(5)
6.4.1 Syllable frequencies and homophone density
121(2)
6.4.2 Sound frequencies
123(1)
6.4.3 Tonal frequencies
124(2)
6.5 Combinations between C and GVX
126(2)
6.6 Summary
128(1)
7 Syllable and Tone
129(19)
7.1 Simple and complex rhymes
131(1)
7.2 Rhyme structure and tone loss
132(5)
7.3 Rhyme structure and tone split
137(7)
7.4 Rhyme structure and tonal inventory
144(2)
7.5 Summary
146(2)
8 English I: The Maximal Syllable Size
148(34)
8.1 Rhymes in non-final positions
149(5)
8.2 Word-final rhymes
154(5)
8.3 Onset clusters in word-initial positions
159(1)
8.4 Onset clusters in non-initial positions
160(5)
8.5 Analyzing onset clusters
165(14)
8.5.1 Which onset clusters should be accounted for?
166(2)
8.5.2 The sonority-based analysis
168(6)
8.5.3 The complex-sound analysis
174(5)
8.5.4 Summary of onset analysis
179(1)
8.6 Summary
179(3)
9 English II: Syllable Inventory and related Issues
182(25)
9.1 Sound inventory
182(4)
9.2 Unused syllables in English
186(3)
9.3 Accounting for unused syllables
189(5)
9.4 Syllables in polysyllabic words
194(3)
9.5 Morpheme inventories in English and Chinese
197(2)
9.6 Diphthongs
199(3)
9.7 Voicing in coda consonants, syllabification, and vowel length
202(3)
9.8 Summary
205(2)
10 German
207(17)
10.1 Sound inventory
208(1)
10.2 Rhyme size in non-final positions
209(4)
10.3 Final rhymes
213(2)
10.4 Initial onsets
215(1)
10.5 Non-initial onsets
215(1)
10.6 Analysis of onsets
216(4)
10.7 Onset clusters listed in other studies
220(1)
10.8 Another look at word-final clusters
221(1)
10.9 Summary
222(2)
11 Jiarong (rGyalrong)
224(13)
11.1 Onset clusters in Jiarong
225(6)
11.1.1 Previous analyses
226(2)
11.1.2 Present analysis
228(2)
11.1.3 Summary
230(1)
11.2 Coda clusters
231(3)
11.2.1 Previous analyses
231(1)
11.2.2 Present analysis
232(2)
11.2.3 Summary
234(1)
11.3 A historical perspective
234(1)
11.4 Summary
235(2)
12 Theoretical Implications
237(20)
12.1 The CVX theory and its predictions
237(2)
12.2 The CVX theory and theories of grammar
239(5)
12.2.1 Tabula rasa
239(1)
12.2.2 Substantive and formal universals
240(1)
12.2.3 Principles and parameters
241(1)
12.2.4 Optimality Theory and inviolable constraints
241(3)
12.3 Preference constraints and inventory selection
244(1)
12.4 The Weight-Stress Principle (WSP) and the CV effect
245(3)
12.5 What is the syllable and why is it so small?
248(3)
12.6 What is universal grammar?
251(1)
12.7 Syllable inventory, "holes," and "outliers"
251(3)
12.8 Summary
254(3)
References 257(12)
Author Index 269(3)
Language Index 272(1)
Subject Index 273
San Duanmu is Professor of Linguistics, University of Michigan. He received his Ph.D. in Linguistics from MIT in 1990 and has held teaching posts at Fudan University, Shanghai (1981-86) and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (1991-present). He is the author of The Phonology of Standard Chinese (2nd edition, OUP, 2007).