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Synchronizing 5G Mobile Networks [Pehme köide]

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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 736 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 100x100x100 mm, kaal: 100 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Jul-2021
  • Kirjastus: Cisco Press
  • ISBN-10: 0136836259
  • ISBN-13: 9780136836254
Teised raamatud teemal:
Synchronizing 5G Mobile NetworksSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 736 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 100x100x100 mm, kaal: 100 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Jul-2021
  • Kirjastus: Cisco Press
  • ISBN-10: 0136836259
  • ISBN-13: 9780136836254
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780136836254.html
Märksõnad:
In Synchronizing 5G Mobile Networks, three leading Cisco mobile networking technology experts thoroughly address the implementation and characterization of several synchronization standards, presenting practical deployment methods, realistic case studies, and well-tested design best practices. They help engineers and network architects understand the definitions captured in today’s synchronization standards and apply them to design deployable solutions.


The authors provide in-depth discussions of key synchronization protocols and profiles including: Synchronous Ethernet standards (G.8262, G.8262.1), 1588v2 Telecom profiles, Precision Time Protocol (PTP) profiles (G.8275.1, G.8275.2), PTP performance profile (G.8273.2), Time sensitive networking (IEEE 802.1CM), GPS or GNSS or PRTC requirements as part of G.8272.x, and security requirements for synchronization protocols. They evaluate the design principle of each profile and performance standard, explains its application in 5G Mobility and Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (uRLLC), and help you choose right profiles or protocols for your environment. Detail sections cover network design and migration guidelines, test methodologies and operations and management practices, to help you successfully deploy time synchronization over converged IP networks.



The complete guide to timing and synchronization in advanced service provider networks and enterprise applications


As networks have advanced, so has the need for precise timing and synchronization--including highly accurate phase synchronization. Without it, networks become increasingly vulnerable to outages, data loss events, and inefficiencies that can be notoriously difficult to diagnose. 5G telecom networks have especially stringent requirements, but they also apply to a growing number of enterprise applications in finance, factory automation, IoT, media, and beyond.


Synchronizing 5G Mobile Networks is the definitive, comprehensive guide to all aspects of timing and synchronization. Drawing on extensive experience developing and implementing timing and synchronization systems, three leading experts cover standards, protocols, clock design, architecture, solution design, deployment tradeoffs, day-to-day operations, troubleshooting, and more.


This book will be valuable to professionals with diverse backgrounds, even those with no timing or synchronization experience. It will be especially useful to engineers and consultants designing or implementing mobile networks; test engineers validating equipment or production solutions; students seeking careers with service providers or in advanced private networks; and technology leaders seeking to understand the
growing role of time synchronization. 


  • Understand timing and synchronization concepts, goals, sources, and transport
  • Explore timing applications in telecommunications and beyond
  • Build synchronous networks with clocks, timing reference sources, time distribution, and timing signal consumption
  • Review the role of standards development organizations in defining standards for timing and synchronization
  • Drill down into the details of clocks, clock signals, and clock components 
  • Review traditional TDM-based techniques for frequency synchronization
  • Explore precision time protocol (PTP) characteristics, features, profiles, and security
  • Master best practices for designing and deploying timing in physical and packet-based networks
  • Thoroughly understand timing metrics and end-to-end time error budgeting 
  • Establish accurate timing and synchronization in advanced 5G and LTE networks, including 5G New Radio and RAN environments
  • Manage tradeoffs in synchronizing diverse cell sites, topologies, radio types, and mobile generations
  • Verify, operate, monitor, and troubleshoot timing systems

Foreword xxi
Introduction xxiii
Part I Fundamentals of Synchronization and Timing
Chapter 1 Introduction To Synchronization And Timing
1(18)
Overview of Time Synchronization
1(2)
What Is Synchronization and Why Is It Needed?
3(7)
Frequency Versus Phase Versus Time Synchronization
4(6)
What Is Time?
10(3)
What Is TAI?
11(1)
What Is UTC?
12(1)
How Can GPS Provide Timing and Synchronization?
13(2)
Accuracy Versus Precision Versus Stability
15(1)
Summary
16(1)
References in This
Chapter
16(1)
Chapter 1 Acronyms Key
16(1)
Further Reading
17(2)
Chapter 2 Usage Of Synchronization And Timing
19(20)
Use of Synchronization in Telecommunications
20(8)
Legacy Synchronization Networks
20(2)
Legacy Mobile Synchronization---Frequency
22(2)
Legacy Mobile Synchronization---Phase
24(2)
Cable and PON
26(2)
Use of Time Synchronization in Finance, Business, and Enterprise
28(5)
Circuit Emulation
30(2)
Audiovisual
32(1)
Industrial Uses of Time---Power Industry
33(1)
Summary
34(1)
References in This
Chapter
34(1)
Chapter 2 Acronyms Key
35(4)
Chapter 3 Synchronization And Timing Concepts
39(58)
Synchronous Networks Overview
40(14)
Asynchronous Networks
41(1)
Synchronous Networks
42(1)
Defining Frequency
43(2)
Defining Phase Synchronization
45(3)
Synchronization with Packets
48(1)
Jitter and Wander
49(2)
Clock Quality Traceability
51(3)
Clocks
54(12)
Oscillators
55(2)
Clock Modes
57(2)
ANSI Stratum Levels of Frequency Clocks
59(3)
Clock Types
62(4)
Sources of Frequency, Phase, and Time
66(16)
Satellite Sources of Frequency, Phase, and Time
66(9)
Sources of Frequency
75(3)
Source of Frequency, Phase, and Time: PRTC
78(4)
Timing Distribution Network
82(6)
Transport of Time and Sync
83(4)
Transport and Signaling of Quality Levels
87(1)
Consumer of Time and Sync (the End Application)
88(1)
Summary
89(1)
References in This
Chapter
89(3)
Chapter 3 Acronyms Key
92(3)
Further Reading
95(2)
Part II SDOs, Clocks, and Timing Protocols
Chapter 4 Standards Development Organizations
97(42)
International Telecommunication Union
98(8)
ITU-R
99(1)
ITU-T
100(3)
ITU-D
103(1)
International Mobile Telecommunications
104(2)
3rd Generation Partnership Project
106(3)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
109(7)
IEEEPTP
110(1)
IEEETSN
111(4)
IEEE and IEC
115(1)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
116(2)
Internet Engineering Task Force
118(2)
Radio Access Network
120(6)
Common Public Radio Interface
121(1)
xRAN and O-RAN Alliance
122(3)
TIP OpenRAN
125(1)
MEF Forum
126(1)
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers and Audio Engineering Society
127(1)
Summary
128(1)
References in This
Chapter
129(3)
Chapter 4 Acronyms Key
132(5)
Further Reading
137(2)
Chapter 5 Clocks, Time Error, And Noise
139(40)
Clocks
139(15)
Oscillators
140(3)
PLLs
143(4)
Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters
147(1)
Jitter and Wander
148(5)
Frequency Error
153(1)
Time Error
154(15)
Maximum Absolute Time Error
156(1)
Time Interval Error
157(3)
Constant Versus Dynamic Time Error
160(1)
Maximum Time Interval Error
161(2)
Time Deviation
163(2)
Noise
165(4)
Holdover Performance
169(3)
Transient Response
172(1)
Measuring Time Error
173(2)
Topology
173(2)
References in This
Chapter
175(1)
Chapter 5 Acronyms Key
175(2)
Further Reading
177(2)
Chapter 6 Physical Frequency Synchronization
179(34)
Evolution of Frequency Synchronization
180(1)
BITS and SSU
181(4)
Clocking Hierarchy
185(2)
Synchronous Ethernet
187(2)
Enhanced Synchronous Ethernet
189(1)
Clock Traceability
189(8)
Synchronization Status Message
191(2)
Ethernet Synchronization Messaging Channel
193(3)
Enhanced ESMC
196(1)
Synchronization Network Chain
197(2)
Clock Selection Process
199(2)
Timing Loops
201(6)
Standardization
207(1)
Summary
207(1)
References in This
Chapter
208(1)
Chapter 6 Acronyms Key
209(2)
Further Reading
211(2)
Chapter 7 Precision Time Protocol
213(76)
History and Overview of PTP
214(1)
PTP Versus NTP
215(1)
IEEE 1588-2008 (PTPv2)
216(26)
General Overview
217(1)
Overview of PTP Clocks
218(2)
PTP Clock Domains
220(1)
Message Rates
220(1)
Message Types and Flows
221(2)
The (Simple) Mathematics
223(2)
Asymmetry and Message Delay
225(1)
Asymmetry Correction
226(2)
The Correction Field
228(1)
PTP Ports and Port Types
228(2)
Transport and Encapsulation
230(1)
One-Step Versus Two-Step Clocks
230(1)
Peer-to-Peer Versus End-to-End Delay Mechanisms
231(1)
One-Way Versus Two-Way PTP
232(1)
Timestamps and Timescales
233(1)
The Announce Message
234(2)
Best Master Clock Algorithm
236(1)
PTP Datasets
237(2)
Virtual PTP Ports
239(1)
Negotiation
239(3)
PTP Clocks
242(8)
Grandmaster (Ordinary) Clocks
243(1)
Slave (Ordinary) Clocks
244(1)
Boundary Clocks
245(1)
Transparent Clocks
246(4)
Management Nodes
250(1)
Profiles
250(23)
Default Profiles
251(1)
Telecom Profiles
252(9)
Profiles for Other Industries
261(2)
IEEE 802.1AS-2020: Timing and Synchronization for Time-Sensitive Applications: Generalized PTP (gPTP)
263(3)
IEC 62439-3 (2016) PTP Industry Profile (PIP)
266(1)
IEC 61850-9-3 (2016) Power Utility Automation Profile (PUP)
267(1)
IEEE C37.238-2011 and 2017 Power Profile
268(1)
SMPTE ST-2059-2 and AES67 Media Profiles
269(1)
PTP Enterprise Profile (Draft RFC)
270(2)
White Rabbit
272(1)
PTP Security
273(2)
IEEE 1588-2019 (PTPv2.1)
275(5)
Changes from PTPv2 to PTPv2.1
276(1)
New Features in v2.1
277(2)
Next Steps for IEEE 1588
279(1)
Summary
280(1)
References in This
Chapter
280(3)
Chapter 7 Acronyms Key
283(6)
Part III Standards, Recommendations, and Deployment Considerations
Chapter 8 Itu-T Timing Recommendations
289(58)
Overview of the ITU
290(9)
ITU-T Study Group 15 and Question 13
291(2)
How Recommendations Come About
293(1)
Notes on the Recommendations
294(1)
Physical and TDM Versus Packet Recommendations
295(1)
Types of Recommendations
296(3)
Reading the Recommendations
299(1)
ITU-T Physical and TDM Timing Recommendations
299(11)
Types of Standards for Physical Synchronization
300(1)
Definitions, Architecture, and Requirements
300(2)
End-to-End Network Performance
302(3)
Node and Clock Performance
305(4)
Other Documents
309(1)
ITU-T Recommendations for Frequency in Packet Networks
310(6)
Packet-Based Frequency and Circuit Emulation
310(3)
Synchronous Ethernet
313(2)
Ethernet Synchronization Messaging Channel (ESMC)
315(1)
ITU-T Packet-Based Timing Recommendations
316(24)
Types of Standards for Packet-Based Synchronization
317(1)
Definitions, Architecture, and Requirements
317(5)
End-to-End Solution and Network Performance
322(4)
Node and Clock Performance Recommendations
326(8)
Telecom Profiles
334(5)
Other Documents
339(1)
Possible Future Changes in Recommendations
340(1)
Summary
341(1)
References in This
Chapter
341(1)
Chapter 8 Acronyms Key
342(4)
Further Reading
346(1)
Chapter 9 Ptp Deployment Considerations
347(96)
Deployment and Usage
348(32)
Physical Inputs and Output Signals
349(10)
Frequency Distribution in a Packet Network
359(11)
Packet-Based Phase Distribution
370(2)
Full On-Path Timing Support Versus Partial Timing Support
372(1)
Hybrid Mode Versus Packet Only
373(1)
PTP-Aware Nodes Versus PTP-Unaware Nodes
374(2)
Assisted Partial Timing Support
376(1)
Leap Seconds and Timescales
377(3)
Factors Impacting Timing Performance
380(3)
Packet-Based Frequency Distribution Performance
380(3)
Packet-Based Phase Distribution Performance
383(1)
Parameters for Timing Performance
383(18)
Maximum Absolute Time Error
385(1)
Constant Time Error
385(1)
Dynamic Time Error
386(3)
Asymmetry
389(6)
Packet Delay Variation
395(2)
Packet Selection and Floor Delay
397(2)
Packet/Message Rates
399(1)
Two-Way Time Error
400(1)
Clock Performance
401(18)
PRTC and ePRTC
403(1)
T-BC and T-TSC
404(9)
T-TC
413(1)
T-BC-A, T-TSC-A
414(3)
T-BC-P, T-TSC-P
417(2)
Budgeting End-to-End Time Error
419(3)
Network Holdover
422(2)
Packet Network Topologies
424(2)
Packet Transport
426(4)
Carrying Frequency over the Transport System
426(2)
Carrying Phase/Time over the Transport System
428(2)
Non-Mobile Deployments
430(4)
DOCSIS Cable and Remote PHY Devices
431(2)
Power Industry and Substation Automation
433(1)
Summary
434(1)
References in This
Chapter
435(2)
Chapter 9 Acronyms Key
437(5)
Further Reading
442(1)
Part IV Timing Requirements, Solutions, and Testing
Chapter 10 Mobile Timing Requirements
443(76)
Evolution of Cellular Networks
444(4)
Timing Requirements for Mobility Networks
448(7)
Multi-Access and Full-Duplex Techniques
448(2)
Impact of Synchronization in FDD and TDD Systems
450(5)
Timing Requirements for LTE and LTE-A
455(23)
OFDM Synchronization
458(5)
Multi-Antenna Transmission
463(2)
Inter-cell Interference Coordination
465(1)
Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination
466(2)
Coordinated Multipoint
468(2)
Carrier Aggregation
470(1)
Dual Connectivity
471(1)
Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS)
472(2)
Positioning
474(1)
Synchronization Requirements for LTE and LTE-A
475(3)
Evolution of the 5G Architecture
478(18)
5G Spectrum
480(1)
5G Frame Structure---Scalable OFDM Numerology
481(1)
5G System Architecture
482(14)
5G New Radio Synchronization Requirements
496(13)
Relative Time Budget Analysis
500(1)
Network Time Error Budget Analysis
501(4)
Synchronizing the Virtualized DU
505(3)
Maximum Received Time Difference Versus Time Alignment Error
508(1)
Summary
509(1)
References in This
Chapter
510(2)
Chapter 10 Acronyms Key
512(5)
Further Reading
517(2)
Chapter 11 5G Timing Solutions
519(54)
Deployment Considerations for Mobile Timing
520(15)
Network Topology
520(2)
Use Cases and Technology
522(2)
Small Cells Versus Macro Cells
524(3)
Redundancy
527(4)
Holdover
531(1)
Third-Party Circuits
532(2)
Time as a Service
534(1)
Frequency-Only Deployments
535(3)
Solution Options
535(2)
G.8265.1 Packet-Based Versus SyncE
537(1)
Frequency, Phase, and Time Deployment Options
538(12)
Network Topology/Architecture for Phase (G.8271.1 Versus G.8271.2)
538(1)
GNSS Everywhere
539(2)
Full On-Path Support with G.8275.1 and SyncE
541(2)
Partial Timing Support with G.8275.2 and GMs at the Edge
543(4)
Multi-Profile with Profile Interworking
547(1)
Assisted Partial Timing Support with G.8275.2
548(2)
Midhaul and Fronthaul Timing
550(6)
Technology Splits
551(1)
Centralized RAN and Distributed RAN
552(1)
Packetized Radio Access Network
553(1)
Relative Versus Absolute Timing
554(2)
Timing Security and MACsec
556(8)
PTP Security
556(3)
Integrity Verification from IEEE 1588-2019
559(2)
MACsec
561(3)
Summary
564(1)
References in This
Chapter
565(2)
Chapter 11 Acronyms Key
567(4)
Further Reading
571(2)
Chapter 12 Operating And Verifying Timing Solutions
573(86)
Hardware and Software Solution Requirements
574(13)
Synchronous Equipment Timing Source
575(2)
Frequency Synchronization Clock
577(2)
Time- and Phase-Aware Clock
579(2)
Designing a PTP-Aware Clock
581(6)
Writing a Request for Proposal
587(3)
Testing Timing
590(39)
Overall Approach
592(3)
Testing Equipment
595(1)
Reference Signals and Calibration
596(3)
Testing Metrics
599(1)
Testing PRTC, PRC, and T-GM Clocks
600(3)
Testing End-to-End Networks
603(7)
Testing Frequency Clocks in a Packet Network
610(3)
Testing Standalone PTP Clocks
613(15)
Overwhelmed! What Is Important?
628(1)
Automation and Assurance
629(6)
SNMP
630(1)
NETCONF and YANG
631(4)
Troubleshooting and Field Testing
635(13)
Common Problems
635(1)
Troubleshooting
636(3)
Monitoring Offset from Master and Mean Path Delay
639(2)
Probes: Active and Passive
641(2)
Field Testing
643(2)
GNSS Receivers and Signal Strength
645(2)
GPS Rollover
647(1)
Summary
648(1)
Conclusion
649(1)
References in This
Chapter
649(4)
Chapter 12 Acronyms Key
653(5)
Further Reading
658(1)
Index 659
Dennis Hagarty is an experienced technical specialist in the fields of information technology and telecommunications. He has led presales, consulting, and engineering efforts for major utilities, corporations, and service providers in Australasia and Europe. Having worked in numerous technical areas, Dennis has concentrated on the mobile space for almost 30 years and has specialized in timing and synchronization for the last 12 years. In his current role, Dennis is the Cisco communications interface between engineering, field sales teams, and the global Cisco customer community for all matters related to 5G timing and synchronization. This mandate sees him talking with many large service providers, including most of the world's tier 1 mobile operators.

Shahid Ajmeri is a senior product manager at Cisco with responsibility for leading its 5G transport and mobile edge architecture strategy. He has more than 20 years of experience in the service provider industry, focusing on various technologies ranging from 3G/4G to 5G mobile networks, mobile edge computing, telco data center, service provider security, time synchronization, and end-to-end network design. Shahid has been instrumental in driving network transformation projects and architecting next-generation networks for customers across the globe. He currently works across disciplines, bringing together engineering, standards development organizations, and customers to develop and translate product requirements from industry and standard-setting bodies to the market.

Anshul Tanwar is a principal engineer at Cisco Systems, where he is known as a technologist with a combination of R&D expertise and business sensibility. During his tenure of more than 20 years at Cisco, Anshul has architected many routing and switching products used by large tier 1 mobile and Metro Ethernet service providers across the world. He has led the SyncE and PTP architecture definition and implementation for multiple access and pre-aggregation routers in Cisco. In his most recent role, Anshul was responsible for defining the deployment architecture of phase timing synchronization for one of the world's largest service provider LTE/LTE-A networks. He is also a co-inventor on three patents, including one covering synchronization.