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Techniques in Animal Cytogenetics 2000 ed. [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 230 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 606 g, 7 Illustrations, color; XXVI, 230 p. 7 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sari: Principles and Practice
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Aug-2000
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3540667377
  • ISBN-13: 9783540667377
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 230 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 606 g, 7 Illustrations, color; XXVI, 230 p. 7 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sari: Principles and Practice
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Aug-2000
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3540667377
  • ISBN-13: 9783540667377
Teised raamatud teemal:
A better "casting" could not be conceived. The authors of this book are gold­ smiths on the subject. I have followed their work since their "entry" into cyto­ genetics and I have a high esteem for them. I consider it an honour to be asked to write the preface of their opus. Paul Popescu, Directeur de Recherche at INRA, has also played a promi­ nent part in the development of animal cytogenetics, especially in domestic animals. He is able to tell you the cost of a translocation in a pig breeding farm or a cow population: a fortune! P. Popescu has played a great part in gene mapping of these species using "in situ DNA hybridisation". His contributions are recognised world-wide. His laboratory receives many visitors every year and it serves as a reference for domestic animal cytogenetics. Helene Hayes, Charge de Recherche at INRA, has collaborated with P. POPESCU in the elaboration of the "at hand" techniques and in many other discoveries which are listed in her bibliography. She showed the fascinating correspondence between bovine and human chromosomes and the com­ pared gene maps of domestic bovidae.
I PREPARATION OF CHROMOSOME SPREADS 1(24) Cell culture techniques 1(6) H. Hayes B. Dutrillaux Lymphocyte culture 1(2) Principle 1(1) Protocol for whole blood 1(1) Protocol for lymphocytes isolated by sedimentation 2(1) Protocol for lymphocyte isolation by density gradient centrifugation 2(1) Remarks 2(1) Fibroblast cultures 3(4) Cultures established from tissue fragments 3(1) Principle 3(1) Protocol 3(2) Remarks 5(1) Initiation of cell cultures from bird embryos 5(1) Principle 5(1) Protocol 5(1) Remarks 5(1) Cell counting 5(1) Cell storage 6(1) Principle 6(1) Protocol 7(1) Preparation of chromosomes in prophase or prometaphase 7(5) H. Hayes B. Dutrillaux Single or double synchronisation using thymidine 8(2) Principle 8(1) Protocol for lymphocytes (single synchronisation) 8(1) Protocol for fibroblasts (double synchronisation) 8(2) Remarks 10(1) Synchronisation by amethopterin 10(1) Principle 10(1) Protocol 10(1) Remarks 11(1) Synchronisation by 5-fluorodeoxiuridine 11(1) P Popescu B. Dutrillaux Principle 11(1) Synchronisation by 5-bromodeoxyuridine or BrdU 11(1) Principle 11(1) Direct techniques and very short term development cultures 12(6) Study of the bone marrow 12(1) Protocol 12(1) Remarks 12(1) Study of bird chromosomes from feather pulp 12(1) Protocol 13(1) Remarks 13(1) Study of fish chromosomes 13(3) Protocol for culture of blood lymphocytes 14(1) Protocol for culture of lymphocytes from kidney or spleen 14(1) Protocol for chromosomal banding by BrdU incorporation in live fish 15(1) Remarks 15(1) Study of insect chromosomes 16(2) Preparation of metaphase spreads from embryo cells 16(1) Protocol 16(1) Preparation of metaphase spreads from gonads 16(1) Protocol 17(1) Chromosome analysis from other tissus 17(1) General comments 17(1) Preparation of chromosome spreads 18(2) H. Hayes Principle 18(1) Protocol 18(1) Protocol for wet slides 19(1) Protocol for dry slides 19(1) Remarks 19(1) Staining techniques of chromosome spreads 20(5) H. Hayes B. Dutrillaux Classical staining using Giemsa 20(1) Principle 20(1) Protocol 20(1) Remarks 20(1) Orcein staining 20(2) Protocol 1 21(1) Protocol 2 21(1) Remarks 21(1) Acridine orange staining 22(2) Protocol 22(1) Remarks 22(2) Propidium iodide or DAPI staining 24(1) II CHROMOSOME BANDING TECHNIQUES 25(44) Introduction 25(8) H. Hayes Chromosome organisation 25(2) Euchromatin 27(6) Distribution of SINE and LINE sequences along chromosomes 28(1) Differential arrangement of AT alignment in Q/G and R bands 28(1) ``Structural bands 29(1) Q bands 29(1) G bands 30(1) R bands 30(1) ``Dynamic bands 31(2) Code of chromosome banding techniques 33(1) Techniques based on DNA structure 33(13) B. Dutrillaux H. Hayes QFQ bands using quinacrine mustard 34(1) Principle 34(1) Protocol 34(1) Remarks 34(1) GTG banding by trypsin 34(2) Principle 34(1) Protocol 34(1) Remarks 34(2) GAG banding by ``denaturation 36(1) Principle 36(1) Protocol Acid-Saline-Giemsa 37(1) Protocol Alkaline-Saline-Giemsa 37(1) Remarks 37(1) RHG banding by thermal denaturation 37(2) Principle 37(1) Protocol 38(1) Remarks 38(1) T bands(terminal) 39(2) Protocol 39(2) Remarks 41(1) Bands rich in 5-methylcytocine 41(5) C. Bourgeois Introduction 41(2) Immunofluorescent revelation of 5-mC rich bands 43(1) Principle 43(1) Protocol 44(1) Protocol of denaturation using hydrochloric acid 44(1) Protocol of denaturation using ultraviolet lamp radiation 44(1) Remarks 45(1) Banding techniques based on DNA replication 46(11) B. Dutillaux H. Hayes R or G bands by incorporation of BrdU 46(9) Principle 46(2) Immunoflorescent detection of BrdU incorporation in chromosomes 48(1) Principle 48(1) Protocol 48(1) Remarks 49(1) FPG staining technique (fluorochrome-photolysis-Giemsa) 49(1) Principle 49(2) Protocol 51(1) Remarks 51(1) Propidium iodide staining technique 51(1) Principle 51(1) Protocol 51(1) Remarks 52(1) DAPI staining technique 53(1) Principle 53(1) Protocol 53(1) Preparation of chromosomes labeled with BrdU during the second half of the S phase to produce R bands 54(1) Protocol 54(1) Remarks 54(1) Preparation of chromosomes labeled with BrdU during the first half of the S phase to produce G bands 55(1) Protocol 55(1) Remarks 55(1) Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) 55(1) Principle 55(1) Protocol 55(1) Remarks 56(1) Asymmetrical incorporation of BrdU 56(1) Techniques of chromosome differentiation based on DNA base composition 57(1) B. Dutrillaux Treatment by 5-azacytidine or 5-azadeoxycytidine 57(1) Principle 57(1) Protocol 57(1) Remarks 57(1) Heterochromatin staining 58(7) CBG bands 58(3) Principle 58(1) Protocol 58(1) Remarks 58(3) CT bands 61(1) Principle 61(1) Protocol 61(1) G11 bands 61(1) Principle 61(1) Protocol 61(1) Remarks 62(1) DA-DAPI staining 62(3) Principle 62(2) Protocol 64(1) Remarks 64(1) Staining of nucleolar organiser regions NOR 65(1) H. Hayes B. Dutrillaux Protocol 65(1) Remarks 65(1) Techniques of sequential banding 65(4) B. Dutrillaux Principle 65(3) Protocol of sequential Q, R, and C banding 68(1) Protocol of sequential Q and NOR banding, or R and NOR banding 68(1) III IN SITU HYBRIDISATION TECHNIQUES 69(16) H. Hayes B. Dutrillaux Introduction 69(3) In situ hybridisation using radioactive probes 69(1) In situ hybridisation using non radioactive probes 70(1) Identification of hybridised chromosomes 71(1) Methods 72(8) Preparation of chromosome spreads 72(1) DNA probe labelling 73(2) Non radioactive labelling of long DNA probes (> 1 kb) 73(1) Principle 73(1) Protocol for nick translation labelling 73(1) Non radioactive labelling of short DNA probes (00.25-1.5 kb) 74(1) Principle 74(1) Protocol 74(1) Remarks 74(1) Radioactive labelling 75(1) Protocol for the use of the nick translation method 75(1) Pretreatment of the chromosome preparations using ribonuclease A 75(1) Principle 75(1) Protocol 75(1) Chromosomal DNA denaturation 75(1) Principle 75(1) Protocol 76(1) Probe preparation, labelling and denaturation 76(1) In situ hybridisation 76(1) Posthybridisation washes 76(1) Radioactive probes 76(1) Non radioactive probes 76(1) Hybridisation signal detection and banding 77(2) Radioactive probes: autoradiographic detection 77(1) Principle 77(1) Protocol 78(1) Non radioactives probes: immunoreaction detection 79(1) Protocol 79(1) Microscopy and photography 79(1) Radioactive probes 79(1) Non radioactives probes 79(1) Remarks on other applications of in situ hybridisation 80(5) IV METHODS OF GERM CELLS STUDY 85(18) Meiosis in male 85(9) P. Popescu Classical method 85(1) Protocol 85(1) Remarks 86(1) Synaptonemal complex method 86(8) Y. Rumpler O. Gabriel-Robez Principle 88(1) Protocol 89(3) Remarks 92(2) Meiosis in the mammalian female 94(3) J.F. Ectors L. Koulisher Principle 94(1) Protocol 95(2) Study of the spermatozoa by interspecific in vitro fertilisation (insemination) 97(6) P. Popescu Principle 97(1) Protocol 97(2) Protocol of capacitation in the cold state 99(1) Protocol of capacitation in the warm state 99(3) Remarks 102(1) V THE LAMPBRUSH CHROMOSOMES OF AMPHIBIANS 103(34) F. Simon N. Vichniakova C. Payne J.C. Lacroix Introduction: The basis of lampbrush chromosomes mapping 103(11) Organisation of the lampbrush chromosomes 103(4) Morphologic mapping of the lampbrush chromosomes 107(2) Morphological variations of genetic origin 107(2) Morphological variations of physiological origin 109(1) Immunomorphological mapping 109(3) Maps of the lampbrush chromosomes of Pleurodeles 112(2) The conditions of map development 112(1) The intraspecific maps 112(2) Technique for the preparation of lampbrush chromosomes for light microscopy 114(6) Preparation of oocytes 114(1) Protocol 114(1) Chromosome preparation for morphological studies 115(3) Protocol 115(3) Chromosome immunolabelling 118(2) Protocol 118(2) Preparation of lampbrush chromosomes for electron microscopy 120(4) Ultrastructural studies 120(1) Protocol 121(1) High resolution immunolabelling 121(3) Principle 121(2) Pre-embedding immunolabelling 123(1) Protocol 123(1) Post-embedding immunolabelling 124(1) Protocol 124(1) Preparation of mitotic chromosomes 124(1) Protocol 125(1) Analysis of lampbrush chromosomes 125(8) Morphological markers 128(2) Axial structures 128(1) Loops 129(1) Immunolabelling 130(1) Mapping parameters 131(2) Chromosome classification 131(1) Chromosome orientation 131(1) Marker localisation 131(1) Correspondences between the lampbrush chromosome maps 131(2) The importance of the lampbrush chromosomes 133(4) Detection and analysis of chromosomal rearrangements 133(1) Study of populations and evolution of chromosomes 133(3) Study of the transcriptional physiology in situ 136(1) VI TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OF DROSOPHILA CHROMOSOMES 137(14) F. Lemeunier S. Aulard Mitotic chromosomes 137(3) Introduction 137(1) Chromosome spreads preparation 138(1) Principle 138(1) Protocol 138(1) Staining and banding of mitotic chromosomes: remarks 139(1) In situ hybridisation 140(1) Polythene chromosomes 140(11) Introduction 140(1) Structure 141(1) Reference maps 142(3) Chromosome preparation: Classical and molecular cytogenetic technique 145(2) Breeding conditions of Drosophila 145(1) Chromosome preparation: classical analysis 145(1) Protocol 145(1) Chromosome preparation: in situ hybridisation 146(1) Principle 146(1) Protocol 146(1) In situ hybridisation 147(2) Protocol 147(2) Chromosome observation 149(2) VII TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OF INTERPHASE NUCLEUS 151(6) Sex chromatin examination 151(1) P. Popescu Principle 151(1) Protocol 151(1) Remarks 151(1) Released chromatin (Chromatin halo) 152(1) Protocol 152(1) In situ hybridisation of interphasic nuclei 153(4) C. Bourgeois Principle 153(1) Protocol 153(1) Protocol for paraffin sections 153(1) Protocol for nucleus and spread cells or slides with cell layers 154(1) Remarks 155(2) VIII APPLICATION OF FLOW CYTOMETRY AND SLIT-SCAN FLUOROMETRY IN ANALYSIS AND SORTING OF MAMMALIAN CHROMOSOMES 157(30) M. Haussmann C. Cremer Introduction 157(1) Principles of the flow cytometry 158(3) Standard flow cytometry 158(1) Slit scan fluorometry 159(2) Flow sorting 161(1) Computing 161(1) Methods of chromosome preparation and staining 161(6) Modified hexanediole method 162(1) References 162(1) Protocol 162(1) Remarks 163(1) TAcCaM - method 163(1) References 163(1) Protocol 163(1) Remarks 163(1) Methanol - acetic acid method 164(1) References 164(1) Protocol 164(1) Remarks 164(1) Tris/MgCl2/Triton X10000 method 164(1) References 164(1) Protocol 164(1) Polyamine method 164(1) References 164(1) Protocol 164(1) Modified polyamine method 165(1) References 165(1) Protocol 165(1) HEPES/MgSO4 method 165(1) References 165(1) Protocol 165(1) Modified HEPES method 166(1) References 166(1) Protocol 166(1) Remarks 166(1) Fluorescein labelling (FITC) by in situ hybridisation suspension 166(1) References 166(1) Protocol 166(1) Remarks 167(1) Dyes and lasers 167(1) Measurements and evaluation in flow cytometry 167(11) Flow karyotypes 167(4) Data evaluation of flow karyotypes 171(1) Slit scan measurements 172(3) Perspectives 175(1) Identification of the sorted chromosomes by GTG banding 176(2) P. Popescu Principle 176(1) Protocol 177(1) Remarks 177(1) In situ hybridisation to chromosomes in suspension 178(9) D.Celeda Principle 178(2) Protocol 180(6) Remarks 186(1) Appendix 187(18) S Solutions for chromosome staining and banding techniques 187(2) M Miscellaneous 189(3) L Solutions for lampbrush chromosomes 192(1) F Solutions for flow and slit scan cytometry 193(3) H Solutions for in situ hybridisation 196(1) CM Culture media 197(2) SS Stock solutions 199(2) B Buffer solutions 201(2) V Solutions for in vivo treatments 203(2) Glossary 205(4) References 209(16) Index 225