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Test Scores and What They Mean 6th edition [Pehme köide]

  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 208 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 228x151x15 mm, kaal: 330 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Feb-1998
  • Kirjastus: Pearson
  • ISBN-10: 0205175392
  • ISBN-13: 9780205175390
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  • Pehme köide
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 208 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 228x151x15 mm, kaal: 330 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Feb-1998
  • Kirjastus: Pearson
  • ISBN-10: 0205175392
  • ISBN-13: 9780205175390
Teised raamatud teemal:
First published in 1963 as a guide for teachers, principals, admission and guidance counselors, social workers, and personnel workers but used most often over its incarnations by students in psychological and educational measurement, industrial personnel, counseling, and related professions. Revised here from the 1991 edition with updated content and references and a somewhat expanded glossary, still without pronunciation. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.

This fact-filled, authoritative introduction to psychological and educational testing equips new practitioners with an overview of how to interpret and use test scores effectively.With more coverage on the ethical considerations in test usage, this edition of this common-sense approach to using test data offers plain language analysis of the theory and implications of tests. It stresses the importance of the need for people, and not just computers, to be involved in the interpretation of test results. New practitioners and educators who need an easy-to-use guide to interpreting test scores and data.

Preface xiii
ONE Learning About Test Scores
1(8)
Testing Today
3(1)
No More Stalling!
4(1)
Now Is the Time for Learning
5(1)
A Pretest
5(1)
Answers to Pretest Questions
5(4)
TWO Basic Attributes of the Test
9(11)
Validity
9(4)
Face Validity
10(1)
Content Validity (Logical Validity)
10(1)
Criterion-Related Validity (Empirical Validity)
11(1)
Factors Influencing Criterion-Related Validity
11(2)
Construct Validity
13(1)
Reliability
13(6)
Lyman's Five Dimensions of Reliability
14(3)
Interrelationship of Sources of Error Variance
17(1)
Standard Error of Measurement
17(1)
Factors Affecting Reliability
17(1)
Comparing Validity and Reliability
18(1)
Usability
19(1)
THREE The Language of Testing
20(11)
Maximum-Performance Tests
21(2)
Intelligence Tests
21(1)
Aptitude Tests
22(1)
Achievement Tests
22(1)
Typical-Performance Tests
23(3)
Criterion Keying
24(1)
Forced-Choice Items
24(1)
Ambiguity of Items
25(1)
Objective-Subjective-Projective Response
26(1)
Select-Response--Supply-Response
26(1)
Written-Oral-Performance Tests
27(1)
Standardized-Informal Tests
27(1)
Speed-Power Tests
27(1)
Group-Individual Tests
28(1)
Verbal-Nonverbal Tests
28(1)
Culture Fair
29(1)
How to Tell
29(1)
This Book
30(1)
FOUR What's New in Testing Today?
31(8)
Computers and Testing
31(2)
Criterion-Referenced Measurement
33(1)
Evaluation of Criterion-Referenced Testing
34(1)
Test-Item Banks
34(1)
Adaptive Testing
34(1)
Latent Trait Scaling
35(1)
Competency and Accountability
35(1)
What Is Wrong?
36(1)
Outcome-Based Education
37(1)
Exceptional People: Those with Language and Physical Disabilities
37(1)
Portfolios
38(1)
New All Over Again?
38(1)
Not Only in the United States
38(1)
FIVE Social Responsibility and Testing
39(10)
Tests Do Not Measure Innate Ability (Only)
40(1)
Intelligence Tests Do Not Measure Creativity
41(1)
People Use Tests to Label Children as Morons, etc.
42(1)
Standardized Tests Favor the Glib and Penalize the Thoughtful
43(1)
Tests Invade Privacy
43(2)
Tests Give Changing Results
45(1)
Tests Are Unfair
45(2)
Lake Wobegon Effect
46(1)
Tests Are Misused and Misinterpreted
47(2)
SIX A Few Statistics
49(22)
Introduction
49(4)
Frequency Distribution
50(2)
The Histogram
52(1)
Frequency Polygon
53(1)
Descriptive Statistics
53(10)
Measures of Position (Other than Central Tendency)
54(1)
Measures of Central Tendency (Averages)
55(2)
Comparison of the Central Tendency Measures
57(1)
Measures of Variability
57(2)
Measures of Covariability
59(4)
The Normal Probability Curve
63(1)
Points to Know
63(1)
Inferential Statistics
64(4)
Standard Errors
65(3)
Expectancy Tables
68(2)
An Omission and an Explanation
70(1)
SEVEN Information About Tests
71(17)
Test Catalogs
71(1)
Test Publishers
72(1)
Test Manuals
73(14)
Rationale
74(1)
Descriptions of the Test
74(1)
Purposes of the Test
74(1)
Development of the Test
74(1)
Directions for Administration
75(1)
Directions for Scoring
75(1)
Reliability Data
76(1)
Validity Data
76(1)
Norms and Norms Tables
77(9)
Interpretation of the Test
86(1)
Profiles
86(1)
References
87(1)
Don't Overlook Your Personal Computer
87(1)
EIGHT Derived Scores
88(33)
A Classification Scheme
88(7)
Discussion of the Classification Scheme
89(6)
The Scores
95(1)
Type I: Comparison with an "Absolute Standard," or Content Difficulty
95(2)
Type I A: Percentage Correct
95(1)
Type I B: Letter Grades (Sometimes)
96(1)
Type II: Inter-Individual Comparisons
97(19)
Type II A: Inter-Individual Comparison Considering Mean and Standard Deviation
97(4)
Type II B: Inter-Individual Comparison Considering Rank
101(11)
Type II C: Inter-Individual Comparison Considering Range
112(1)
Type II D: Inter-Individual Comparison Considering Status of Those Making Same Score
112(4)
Type III: Intra-Individual Comparisons
116(2)
Type III A: Ratio IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
116(1)
Type III B: Intellectual Status Index
117(1)
Type III C: Educational Quotients
117(1)
Type III D: Accomplishment Quotients
117(1)
Type IV: Assorted Arbitrary Bases
118(1)
Type IV A: Nonmeaningful Scaled Scores
118(1)
Type IV B: Long-Range Equi-Unit Scales
118(1)
Type IV C: Deviation IQ (Otis-Style)
119(1)
A Final Word
119(2)
NINE Test Profiles
121(7)
General Profiles
124(1)
The Good Profile
124(2)
Significant Differences in Profile Points
126(1)
Profile Analysis
126(2)
TEN Don't Forget Common Sense
128(5)
Institutional and Individual Decisions
130(1)
Some Common Mistakes
131(1)
Other Sources, Too!
131(2)
ELEVEN What Can We Say?
133(11)
Who Is Entitled to Test Information?
134(2)
The Examinee
134(1)
Parents of Minors
134(1)
Agency Policy
134(1)
Schools and Colleges
135(1)
Professional Colleagues
135(1)
Personnel
135(1)
In Conversation
136(1)
Communicating the Results
136(6)
To a Trained Professional Worker
136(1)
To a Professional Person Untrained in Testing
137(1)
To a Mature Examinee
138(2)
To a Child
140(2)
To Parents
142(1)
High and Low
142(1)
In Summary
143(1)
TWELVE Closing Remarks
144(5)
Things to Keep in Mind
144(2)
Know the Test
144(1)
Know the Norms
144(1)
Know the Score
145(1)
Know the Background
145(1)
Communicate Effectively
145(1)
Use the Test
145(1)
Use Caution
145(1)
Experts Still Needed
146(2)
Go Ahead and Try!
148(1)
Appendix 149(34)
Glossary of Terms 150(12)
Selected Test Publishers 162(2)
Bibliography 164(3)
Code of Professional Responsibilities in Educational Measurement 167(9)
Conversion Table 176(7)
Index 183