Preface |
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xiii | |
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ONE Learning About Test Scores |
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1 | (8) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Now Is the Time for Learning |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Answers to Pretest Questions |
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5 | (4) |
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TWO Basic Attributes of the Test |
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9 | (11) |
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9 | (4) |
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10 | (1) |
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Content Validity (Logical Validity) |
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10 | (1) |
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Criterion-Related Validity (Empirical Validity) |
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11 | (1) |
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Factors Influencing Criterion-Related Validity |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (6) |
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Lyman's Five Dimensions of Reliability |
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14 | (3) |
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Interrelationship of Sources of Error Variance |
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17 | (1) |
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Standard Error of Measurement |
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17 | (1) |
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Factors Affecting Reliability |
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17 | (1) |
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Comparing Validity and Reliability |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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THREE The Language of Testing |
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20 | (11) |
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Maximum-Performance Tests |
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21 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Typical-Performance Tests |
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23 | (3) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Objective-Subjective-Projective Response |
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26 | (1) |
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Select-Response--Supply-Response |
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26 | (1) |
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Written-Oral-Performance Tests |
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27 | (1) |
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Standardized-Informal Tests |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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FOUR What's New in Testing Today? |
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31 | (8) |
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31 | (2) |
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Criterion-Referenced Measurement |
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33 | (1) |
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Evaluation of Criterion-Referenced Testing |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Competency and Accountability |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Exceptional People: Those with Language and Physical Disabilities |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Not Only in the United States |
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38 | (1) |
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FIVE Social Responsibility and Testing |
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39 | (10) |
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Tests Do Not Measure Innate Ability (Only) |
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40 | (1) |
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Intelligence Tests Do Not Measure Creativity |
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41 | (1) |
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People Use Tests to Label Children as Morons, etc. |
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42 | (1) |
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Standardized Tests Favor the Glib and Penalize the Thoughtful |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (2) |
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Tests Give Changing Results |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (2) |
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46 | (1) |
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Tests Are Misused and Misinterpreted |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (22) |
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49 | (4) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (10) |
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Measures of Position (Other than Central Tendency) |
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54 | (1) |
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Measures of Central Tendency (Averages) |
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55 | (2) |
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Comparison of the Central Tendency Measures |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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Measures of Covariability |
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59 | (4) |
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The Normal Probability Curve |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (4) |
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65 | (3) |
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68 | (2) |
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An Omission and an Explanation |
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70 | (1) |
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SEVEN Information About Tests |
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71 | (17) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (14) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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Directions for Administration |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (9) |
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Interpretation of the Test |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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Don't Overlook Your Personal Computer |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (33) |
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88 | (7) |
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Discussion of the Classification Scheme |
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89 | (6) |
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95 | (1) |
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Type I: Comparison with an "Absolute Standard," or Content Difficulty |
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95 | (2) |
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Type I A: Percentage Correct |
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95 | (1) |
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Type I B: Letter Grades (Sometimes) |
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96 | (1) |
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Type II: Inter-Individual Comparisons |
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97 | (19) |
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Type II A: Inter-Individual Comparison Considering Mean and Standard Deviation |
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97 | (4) |
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Type II B: Inter-Individual Comparison Considering Rank |
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101 | (11) |
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Type II C: Inter-Individual Comparison Considering Range |
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112 | (1) |
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Type II D: Inter-Individual Comparison Considering Status of Those Making Same Score |
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112 | (4) |
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Type III: Intra-Individual Comparisons |
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116 | (2) |
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Type III A: Ratio IQ (Intelligence Quotient) |
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116 | (1) |
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Type III B: Intellectual Status Index |
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117 | (1) |
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Type III C: Educational Quotients |
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117 | (1) |
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Type III D: Accomplishment Quotients |
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117 | (1) |
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Type IV: Assorted Arbitrary Bases |
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118 | (1) |
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Type IV A: Nonmeaningful Scaled Scores |
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118 | (1) |
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Type IV B: Long-Range Equi-Unit Scales |
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118 | (1) |
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Type IV C: Deviation IQ (Otis-Style) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (7) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (2) |
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Significant Differences in Profile Points |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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TEN Don't Forget Common Sense |
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128 | (5) |
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Institutional and Individual Decisions |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (11) |
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Who Is Entitled to Test Information? |
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134 | (2) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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Communicating the Results |
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136 | (6) |
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To a Trained Professional Worker |
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136 | (1) |
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To a Professional Person Untrained in Testing |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (5) |
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144 | (2) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (1) |
Appendix |
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149 | (34) |
Glossary of Terms |
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150 | (12) |
Selected Test Publishers |
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162 | (2) |
Bibliography |
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164 | (3) |
Code of Professional Responsibilities in Educational Measurement |
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167 | (9) |
Conversion Table |
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176 | (7) |
Index |
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183 | |