Preface |
|
xi | |
|
1 On the Basis of Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
1 | (32) |
|
1.1 On the Basis of Fibers |
|
|
2 | (9) |
|
|
2 | (2) |
|
|
4 | (3) |
|
1.1.3 Classical Functional Fibers |
|
|
7 | (4) |
|
1.2 On the Basis of Textiles |
|
|
11 | (9) |
|
1.2.1 Traditional Textiles |
|
|
12 | (3) |
|
1.2.2 Classical Functional Textiles |
|
|
15 | (5) |
|
1.3 The Evolution from Classical Functional Fibers to Intelligent Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
20 | (10) |
|
1.3.1 Shape Memory Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
20 | (2) |
|
1.3.2 Intelligent Temperature-Regulating Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
1.3.3 Intelligent Color-Changing Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
24 | (3) |
|
1.3.4 Wearable Electronic Intelligent Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
27 | (3) |
|
|
30 | (3) |
|
|
31 | (2) |
|
2 A Brief Introduction to Typical Film Deposition Technologies |
|
|
33 | (36) |
|
2.1 Dry-Process Film Deposition Technologies |
|
|
34 | (10) |
|
2.1.1 Physical Vapor Deposition for Film Deposition |
|
|
34 | (3) |
|
2.1.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition for Film Deposition |
|
|
37 | (4) |
|
2.1.3 Morphology and Pattern Design |
|
|
41 | (3) |
|
2.2 Typical Wet-Process Technologies for Roll-to-Roll Device Fabrication |
|
|
44 | (10) |
|
2.2.1 Chemical Reaction Coating for Thin Film Preparation |
|
|
45 | (4) |
|
2.2.2 Electrochemical Reaction Method for Thin Film Preparation |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
2.2.4 Langmuir-Blodgett Technique |
|
|
51 | (3) |
|
2.3 Typical Film Structure Characterization Technologies |
|
|
54 | (10) |
|
2.3.1 Thin Film Analysis Method: Crystal Structure Properties |
|
|
54 | (4) |
|
2.3.2 Thin Film Analysis Method: Morphology Properties |
|
|
58 | (2) |
|
2.3.3 Thin Film Analysis Method: Chemical Composition and Structure Properties |
|
|
60 | (4) |
|
|
64 | (5) |
|
|
65 | (4) |
|
3 The Fabrication Process of Intelligent Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
69 | (36) |
|
3.1 The Synthesis of Classical Functional Fibers |
|
|
70 | (9) |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
71 | (3) |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
3.1.4 Thermal Drawing Process |
|
|
74 | (2) |
|
3.1.5 Surface Modification Method |
|
|
76 | (3) |
|
3.2 The Nano/Micro-Assembly on Fiber Materials |
|
|
79 | (12) |
|
3.2.1 Chemical Liquid Phase Deposition |
|
|
79 | (8) |
|
3.2.2 Plasma Spraying Method |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
3.2.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
3.2.4 Physical Vapor Deposition |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
3.3 Device Assembly from Fibers to Textiles |
|
|
91 | (14) |
|
3.3.1 Direct Coating Based on Fabric |
|
|
92 | (2) |
|
3.3.2 Layer Stacking of Fabric Electrodes |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
3.3.3 Interweaving of Fiber Electrodes |
|
|
95 | (2) |
|
3.3.4 Weaving of Fiber Devices |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
3.3.5 Other Assembly Methods |
|
|
97 | (3) |
|
|
100 | (5) |
|
4 Energy Harvesting Fibers |
|
|
105 | (52) |
|
|
105 | (19) |
|
4.1.1 Fiber-Shaped Inorganic Solar Cell |
|
|
106 | (2) |
|
4.1.2 Fiber-Shaped Organic Polymer Solar Cell |
|
|
108 | (5) |
|
4.1.3 Fiber-Shaped Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell |
|
|
113 | (6) |
|
4.1.4 Fiber-Shaped Perovskite Solar Cell |
|
|
119 | (5) |
|
|
124 | (8) |
|
4.2.1 Working Principle of Piezoelectricity |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
4.2.2 Piezoelectric Materials |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
4.2.3 Fiber-Shaped Piezoelectric Devices Based on Piezoceramics |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
4.2.4 Fiber-Shaped Piezoelectric Devices Based on Piezopolymers |
|
|
127 | (3) |
|
4.2.5 Fiber-Shaped Piezoelectric Devices Based on Piezocomposites |
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
|
132 | (8) |
|
4.3.1 Working Principle of Triboelectric Nanogenerator |
|
|
132 | (2) |
|
4.3.2 Triboelectrification Materials |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
4.3.3 Triboelectric Fiber Devices |
|
|
135 | (5) |
|
4.4 Thermoelectric Fibers |
|
|
140 | (7) |
|
4.4.1 Introduction of Thermoelectric Effect |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
4.4.2 TE Materials for Wearable Thermoelectric Devices |
|
|
141 | (4) |
|
4.4.3 Fiber-Shaped Thermoelectric Devices |
|
|
145 | (2) |
|
4.5 Conclusions and Outlook |
|
|
147 | (10) |
|
|
148 | (9) |
|
|
157 | (40) |
|
5.1 Supercapacitor Fibers |
|
|
157 | (12) |
|
5.1.1 Supercapacitor Fibers with Carbon-Based Capacitive Materials |
|
|
159 | (7) |
|
5.1.2 Supercapacitor Fibers with Composited Capacitive Materials |
|
|
166 | (3) |
|
|
169 | (13) |
|
5.2.1 Primary Battery Fibers |
|
|
170 | (3) |
|
5.2.2 Lithium-Ion Battery Fibers |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
5.2.3 Lithium-Sulfur Battery Fibers |
|
|
174 | (3) |
|
5.2.4 Metal-Air Battery Fibers |
|
|
177 | (3) |
|
5.2.5 Other Battery Fibers |
|
|
180 | (2) |
|
|
182 | (10) |
|
5.3.1 Phase-Transit Fibers Based on Hydrocarbons and Fatty Acids |
|
|
184 | (3) |
|
5.3.2 Phase-Transit Fibers Based on Fatty Alcohols |
|
|
187 | (3) |
|
5.3.3 Phase-Transit Fibers Based on Other Kinds of Phase-Transit Materials |
|
|
190 | (2) |
|
|
192 | (5) |
|
|
193 | (4) |
|
|
197 | (34) |
|
6.1 Energy Harvesting Textiles |
|
|
198 | (11) |
|
6.1.1 Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting Textiles |
|
|
198 | (5) |
|
6.1.2 Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Textiles |
|
|
203 | (2) |
|
6.1.3 Mechanical Energy Harvesting Textiles |
|
|
205 | (4) |
|
6.2 Energy Storage Textiles |
|
|
209 | (9) |
|
6.2.1 Supercapacitor Textiles |
|
|
209 | (3) |
|
6.2.2 Primary Battery Textiles |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
6.2.3 Secondary Battery Textiles |
|
|
213 | (5) |
|
6.3 Hybrid Energy Textiles |
|
|
218 | (6) |
|
6.3.1 Multiple Energy Harvesting Hybrid Textiles |
|
|
219 | (3) |
|
6.3.2 Harvesting-Storage Hybrid Energy Textiles |
|
|
222 | (2) |
|
6.4 Commercialization Power Requirements of Smart Energy Textiles |
|
|
224 | (7) |
|
|
225 | (6) |
|
7 Function Expansion of Smart Energy Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
231 | (42) |
|
7.1 Stretchability of Smart Energy Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
231 | (9) |
|
7.1.1 Stretchable Electrode Based on Elastic Conductive Materials |
|
|
232 | (4) |
|
7.1.2 Stretchable Electrode Based Electrode Structural Designs |
|
|
236 | (2) |
|
7.1.3 Assembling of Fiber-Type and Textile-Type Stretchable Devices |
|
|
238 | (2) |
|
7.2 Hydrophobicity of Smart Energy Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
240 | (7) |
|
7.2.1 The History of Conventional Hydrophobic Fabrics |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
1.2.2 The Development of Hydrophobic Coatings |
|
|
241 | (4) |
|
7.2.3 Fabricating Technologies for Hydrophobic Smart Energy Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
7.3 Endurability of Smart Energy Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
247 | (6) |
|
7.3.1 Mechanical Stability of Smart Energy Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
247 | (2) |
|
7.3.2 Chemical Stability of Smart Energy Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
7.3.3 Other Working Stability Under Complicate Environment |
|
|
251 | (2) |
|
7.4 Air Permeability of Smart Energy Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
253 | (5) |
|
7.4.1 The Influence of Textile Materials on Air Permeability |
|
|
253 | (2) |
|
7.4.2 The Influence of Textile Structure Design on Air Permeability |
|
|
255 | (3) |
|
7.5 Color-Change Ability of Smart Energy Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
258 | (5) |
|
7.5.1 Color-Changeable Materials |
|
|
259 | (2) |
|
7.5.2 Color-Changeable Textiles |
|
|
261 | (2) |
|
|
263 | (10) |
|
|
264 | (9) |
|
8 Emerging Electronic Fibers and Textiles |
|
|
273 | (40) |
|
8.1 Stress Sensing Textiles |
|
|
274 | (12) |
|
8.1.1 Piezoresistive Stress Sensing Textiles |
|
|
274 | (4) |
|
8.1.2 Capacitive Stress Sensing Textiles |
|
|
278 | (6) |
|
8.1.3 Other Stress Sensing Textiles |
|
|
284 | (2) |
|
8.2 Strain Sensing Textiles |
|
|
286 | (12) |
|
8.2.1 Piezoresistive Strain Sensing Textiles |
|
|
286 | (6) |
|
8.2.2 Capacitive Strain Sensing Textiles |
|
|
292 | (4) |
|
8.2.3 Triboelectricity Strain Sensing Textiles |
|
|
296 | (2) |
|
8.3 Chemical Sensing Textiles |
|
|
298 | (6) |
|
8.3.1 Ion Sensing Textiles |
|
|
298 | (3) |
|
8.3.2 Humidity Sensing Textiles |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
8.3.3 Gas Sensing Textiles |
|
|
301 | (3) |
|
8.4 Other Function Coupled Textiles |
|
|
304 | (2) |
|
8.5 Conclusions and Outlook |
|
|
306 | (7) |
|
|
306 | (7) |
|
9 Towards Self-Powered Electronic Textiles |
|
|
313 | (28) |
|
9.1 Self-Powered Electronic Devices |
|
|
313 | (8) |
|
9.1.1 Independent Self-Powered Electronic Devices |
|
|
314 | (3) |
|
9.1.2 Integrated Self-Powered Electronic Devices |
|
|
317 | (3) |
|
9.1.3 Other Types of Self-Powered Electronic Devices |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
9.2 Flexible Self-Powered Electronic Devices |
|
|
321 | (6) |
|
9.2.1 Flexible Independent Self-Powered Electronic Devices |
|
|
322 | (2) |
|
9.2.2 Flexible Integrated Self-Powered Electronic Devices |
|
|
324 | (3) |
|
9.2.3 Other Types of Flexible Self-Powered Electronic Devices |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
9.3 Self-Powered Electronic Fibers |
|
|
327 | (8) |
|
9.3.1 Fiber-Type and Textile-Type Independent Self-Powered Electronic Devices |
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
9.3.2 Textile-Type Integrated Self-Powered Electronic Devices |
|
|
331 | (4) |
|
|
335 | (6) |
|
|
336 | (5) |
|
10 The Future of Electronic Textiles |
|
|
341 | (16) |
|
10.1 Commercialization Requirements Beyond Energy Efficiency |
|
|
342 | (3) |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
10.1.2 Electronic Function Expansion |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
10.1.3 Mechanical Durability |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
10.2 Challenges for Smart Electronic Textiles |
|
|
345 | (6) |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
10.2.2 Diversity of Functions |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
347 | (2) |
|
10.2.4 Fabrication Technology |
|
|
349 | (2) |
|
10.3 A Prospective Discussion on Smart Electronic Textiles |
|
|
351 | (6) |
|
|
355 | (2) |
Index |
|
357 | |