Acknowledgments |
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ix | |
Abbreviations and symbols |
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xii | |
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3 | (22) |
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1.1 What's this book about? |
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3 | (2) |
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1.2 The Parallel Architecture |
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5 | (4) |
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1.3 The Parallel Architecture's lexicon |
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9 | (4) |
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1.4 Morphological structure and morphological schemas |
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13 | (3) |
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1.5 Morphology in the Parallel Architecture |
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16 | (3) |
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1.6 Further comparisons between morphosyntax and phrasal syntax |
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19 | (4) |
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23 | (2) |
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2 The functions of schemas |
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25 | (30) |
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2.1 The tradition: Focus on productive rules |
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25 | (3) |
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2.2 The generative function of schemas |
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28 | (3) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (4) |
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2.5 Nonproductive schemas and the relational role |
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36 | (2) |
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2.6 Productive schemas used in a relational role |
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38 | (2) |
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2.7 How to distinguish productive from nonproductive schemas |
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40 | (4) |
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2.8 Do we really need nonproductive schemas? |
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44 | (2) |
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2.8.1 Nonproductive schemas in the organization of the lexicon |
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44 | (1) |
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2.8.2 Nonproductive schemas in acquisition |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (4) |
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2.10 An illustrative case: Grammatical gender |
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50 | (2) |
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2.11 Reframing the goals of linguistic theory: The Relational Hypothesis |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
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3 Motivation in the lexicon |
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55 | (32) |
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3.1 Lexical relations and motivation |
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55 | (1) |
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3.2 Motivation as inheritance |
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56 | (3) |
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3.3 Motivation as impoverished entry inheritance |
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59 | (5) |
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3.4 Motivation as full entry inheritance |
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64 | (7) |
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64 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Full entry inheritance and redundant storage |
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65 | (2) |
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3.4.3 How full should a full entry lexicon be? |
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67 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Morphological problems with full entry inheritance |
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68 | (3) |
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3.5 Motivation as relational linking |
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71 | (3) |
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3.6 Do we need relational links? |
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74 | (2) |
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3.7 The same-except relation |
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76 | (4) |
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3.8 The "cost" of lexical entries |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (5) |
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PART II USING AND REFINING THE TOOLS |
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4 Formalizing morphological phenomena |
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87 | (45) |
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4.1 The simplest, most canonical cases |
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87 | (3) |
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4.2 Morphological complexity without full motivation |
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90 | (6) |
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4.3 Conversions and other zero morphology |
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96 | (3) |
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4.4 Digression: Causatives without homophonous inchoatives |
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99 | (1) |
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4.5 Phonology without corresponding semantics |
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100 | (1) |
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4.6 One-many and many-one links between morphosyntax and phonology |
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101 | (2) |
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4.7 Is there linear order in morphosyntax? |
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103 | (2) |
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4.8 Sister words and sister schemas |
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105 | (6) |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (2) |
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4.8.3 Can all patterns be sister schemas? |
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109 | (2) |
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4.9 Patterns that fragment the base: Blends and truncations |
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111 | (7) |
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111 | (2) |
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4.9.2 A blend with a derivational suffix |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (3) |
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4.10 Umlaut and other stem allomorphy; the star notation |
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118 | (2) |
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4.11 More fragmentation: Infixation and reduplication |
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120 | (4) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (2) |
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4.13 Appendix: Alternatives in the notation |
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126 | (6) |
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4.13.1 Separating interface and relational indices |
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127 | (1) |
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4.13.2 The treatment of variable instantiation |
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128 | (1) |
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4.13.3 An interface link between aff and semantics? |
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129 | (3) |
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132 | (36) |
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5.1 What's special about inflection? |
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132 | (3) |
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5.2 Formalization of inflection vs. derivation |
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135 | (5) |
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5.3 The English verb paradigm |
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140 | (8) |
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140 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Morphophonology of regular verbs |
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141 | (3) |
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5.3.3 Irregular past tenses |
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144 | (4) |
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5.4 The German verb paradigm |
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148 | (9) |
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5.4.1 Defining the paradigm |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (3) |
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5.4.3 Past tense in the German strong paradigm |
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151 | (2) |
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5.4.4 A second vowel alternation |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (3) |
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5.5 How are verbs stored? How are novel inflectional forms constructed? |
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157 | (3) |
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5.6 The Same Verb Problem |
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160 | (4) |
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5.7 The polysemy of morphosyntactic tense |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (2) |
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6 Morphologically conditioned phonological alternations |
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168 | (33) |
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6.1 Phonology in the Parallel Architecture |
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168 | (2) |
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6.2 The status of phonetics |
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170 | (4) |
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6.3 The status of phonotactics |
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174 | (2) |
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6.4 The phonology-phonetics interface |
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176 | (4) |
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6.5 A test case: Final devoicing |
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180 | (4) |
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6.6 English vowel shift: A more clearly phonological phenomenon |
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184 | (4) |
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6.7 How affixes impose their will on the base |
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188 | (3) |
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6.8 The microtexture of the lexicon: Blends with derivational affixes |
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191 | (6) |
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6.8.1 Evidence for blending |
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191 | (3) |
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6.8.2 Formalizing overlap |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (4) |
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PART III BEYOND MORPHOLOGICAL THEORY |
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7 Language processing and language acquisition through the lens of Relational Morphology |
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201 | (32) |
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201 | (1) |
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7.2 Theory of processing: Basic assumptions |
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201 | (6) |
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7.2.1 Long-term memory and working memory |
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202 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Promiscuous processing |
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203 | (2) |
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7.2.3 The lexicon as a network; spreading activation |
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205 | (2) |
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207 | (6) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (2) |
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7.3.3 Competition in working memory |
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211 | (1) |
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7.3.4 Probabilistic/predictive parsing |
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212 | (1) |
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7.4 Lookup versus (or alongside) computation |
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213 | (1) |
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7.5 Schemas in the processing of four kinds of words |
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214 | (4) |
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218 | (3) |
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7.7 How are relational links acquired? |
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221 | (2) |
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7.8 Scaling up to schemas |
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223 | (5) |
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7.8.1 Using Structural Intersection to construct schemas |
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223 | (2) |
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7.8.2 Establishing the generality of a schema |
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225 | (3) |
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7.9 Scaling up to productive schemas |
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228 | (3) |
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231 | (2) |
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8 Applying the tools to other domains |
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233 | (37) |
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8.1 Nonproductive schemas in syntax |
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233 | (6) |
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234 | (1) |
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8.1.2 Predicative cliches: A as an N |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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8.1.4 Unusual determiners: What a discovery! |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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8.1.6 The NPN construction |
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237 | (2) |
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8.2 Sister schemas in syntax |
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239 | (7) |
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8.2.1 Verb-particle alternations |
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239 | (1) |
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8.2.2 The dative alternation |
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240 | (3) |
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8.2.3 Alternations with symmetric predicates |
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243 | (2) |
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8.2.4 Nominals of particle verbs |
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245 | (1) |
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8.3 Speech register, bilingualism, and dialect |
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246 | (5) |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (6) |
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257 | (7) |
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8.6 Beyond language: Extension of the RM lexicon to memory in other faculties |
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264 | (6) |
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265 | (1) |
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8.6.2 Understanding of physical objects |
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266 | (1) |
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8.6.3 Knowledge of geography and spatial layout |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (3) |
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9 Coda: What have we done? |
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270 | (9) |
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9.1 The machinery of Relational Morphology |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (2) |
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9.3 What can't the theory describe? |
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274 | (2) |
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9.4 The scope of the theory |
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276 | (3) |
References |
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279 | (20) |
Index of affixes, words, constructions, and schemas |
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299 | (3) |
Index of subjects and authors |
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302 | |