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1 Thermal Management in Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems |
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1 | (10) |
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2 | (3) |
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1.2 Lithium Ion Batteries |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4 Other Energy Storage Systems |
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8 | (3) |
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9 | (2) |
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2 Thermal Considerations for Supercapacitors |
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11 | (16) |
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2.1 Thermal Management in Different Applications |
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11 | (4) |
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2.1.1 Commercial Supercapacitors |
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11 | (2) |
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2.1.2 Micro-supercapacitors |
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13 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Supercapacitors Based on Liquid- and Solid-State Electrolytes |
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14 | (1) |
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2.2 Thermophysical Properties of Supercapacitor Components |
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15 | (3) |
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2.3 Mechanisms of Thermal Transport |
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18 | (1) |
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2.4 Experimental Techniques for Thermal Characterization |
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19 | (3) |
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2.5 Performance Evaluation Metrics |
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22 | (1) |
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2.6 Supercapacitor Cooling Systems |
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23 | (4) |
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24 | (3) |
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3 Influence of Temperature on Supercapacitor Components |
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27 | (44) |
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3.1 Influence of Temperature on Electrolytes |
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27 | (26) |
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3.1.1 Critical Thermophysical Properties of Electrolytes |
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27 | (5) |
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3.1.2 Thermal Stability and Ionic Conductivity |
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32 | (21) |
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3.2 Influence of Temperature on Electrodes |
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53 | (6) |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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3.3 Influence of Temperature on Separators |
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59 | (12) |
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61 | (10) |
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4 Influence of Temperature on Supercapacitor Performance |
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71 | (44) |
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71 | (12) |
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4.1.1 Organic Electrolytes |
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72 | (4) |
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4.1.2 Aqueous Electrolytes |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (3) |
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4.1.4 Solid-State/Polymer Gel Electrolytes |
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80 | (3) |
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4.2 Extreme-Temperature Performance |
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83 | (9) |
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4.2.1 Extreme Low-Temperature Performance |
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83 | (7) |
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4.2.2 Extreme High-Temperature Performance |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (10) |
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93 | (4) |
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4.3.2 Lifetime Predictions |
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97 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Influence of Temperature |
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98 | (2) |
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4.3.4 Impact of Other Parameters |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (13) |
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4.4.1 Leakage Current and Leakage Resistance |
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102 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Influence of Temperature on Self-Discharge |
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104 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Influence of Other Parameters |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (7) |
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5 Thermal Modeling of Supercapacitors |
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115 | (28) |
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5.1 Fundamentals of Thermal Modeling |
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115 | (4) |
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119 | (24) |
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5.2.1 Electro-Thermal Models |
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120 | (4) |
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124 | (4) |
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5.2.3 Finite Element Models |
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128 | (2) |
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5.2.4 Thermal Models for Supercapacitor Stacks |
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130 | (5) |
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5.2.5 Physics-Based Thermal Models |
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135 | (4) |
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139 | (4) |
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143 | (2) |
Appendix: Definition of Selected Acronyms |
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145 | (2) |
Index |
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147 | |