The importance of Robert E. Lees first movement north of the Potomac River in September 1862 is difficult to overstate. After his string of successes in Virginia, a decisive Confederate victory in Maryland or Pennsylvania may well have spun the war in an entirely different direction. Why he and his Virginia army did not find success across the Potomac was due in large measure to the generalship of George B. McClellan, as Steven Stotelmyer ably demonstrates in Too Useful to Sacrifice: Reconsidering George B. McClellans Generalship in the Maryland Campaign from South Mountain to Antietam.
Although typecast as the slow and overly cautious general who allowed Lees battered army to escape, in fact, argues Stotelmyer, General McClellan deserves significant credit for defeating and turning back the Souths most able general. He does so through five comprehensive chapters, each dedicated to a specific major issue of the campaign:
Fallacies Regarding the Lost Orders
All the Injury Possible: The Day between South Mountain and Antietam
Antietam: The Sequel to South Mountain
General John Pope at Antietam and the Politics behind the Myth of the Unused Reserves
Supplies and Demands: The Demise of General George B. McClellan
Was McClellans response to the discovery of Lees Lost Orders really as slow and inept as we have been led to believe? Although routinely dismissed as a small prelude to the main event at Antietam, was the fighting on South Mountain the real Confederate high tide in Maryland? Is the criticism leveled against McClellan for not rapidly pursuing Lees army after the victory on South Mountain warranted? Did McClellan fail to make good use of his reserves in the bloody fighting on September 17? Finally, what is the real story behind McClellans apparent failure to pursue the defeated Confederate army after Antietam, which triggered President Lincolns frustration with him and resulted in his removal?
Utilizing extensive primary documents and with a keen appreciation for the infrastructure of the nineteenth century Maryland terrain, Stotelmyer deeply explores these longheld beliefs, revealing that often the influence of political considerations dictated military decisionmaking, and the deliberate actions of the Lincoln Administration behind McClellans back resulted in bringing about many of the generals supposed shortcomings. As readers will soon discover, Lincoln did not need to continue searching for a capable commander; he already had one.
