Preface to the First Edition |
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xiii | |
Preface to the Second Edition |
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xvii | |
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xix | |
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1 The History and Life Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 The Etiological Agent |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 Parasite Morphology and Life Cycle |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (3) |
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1.5 Toxoplasmosis in Humans |
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8 | (3) |
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1.6 Toxoplasmosis in Other Animals |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.9 Prevention and Control |
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13 | (7) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (6) |
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2 The Ultrastructure of Toxoplasma gondii |
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2.1 Invasive Stage Ultrastructure and Genesis |
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20 | (14) |
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2.2 Coccidian Development in the Definitive Host |
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34 | (14) |
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2.3 Development in the Intermediate Host |
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48 | (14) |
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57 | (5) |
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3 Molecular Epidemiology and Population Structure of Toxoplasma gondii |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (3) |
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65 | (1) |
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3.4 Molecular Epidemiological and Population Studies |
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65 | (20) |
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3.5 Factors Affecting Transmission and Genetic Exchange |
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85 | (2) |
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3.6 Toxoplasma Genotype and Biological Characteristics |
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87 | (1) |
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3.7 Toxoplasma gondii Genotype and Human Disease |
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88 | (12) |
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93 | (7) |
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4 Human Toxoplasma Infection |
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4.1 Clinical Manifestations and Course |
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100 | (31) |
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4.2 Diagnosis of Infection with Toxoplasma gondii |
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131 | (9) |
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140 | (6) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (15) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (15) |
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5 Ocular Disease due to Toxoplasma gondii |
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162 | (1) |
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5.2 Historical Features of Ocular Toxoplasmosis |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (3) |
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5.4 The Mechanism of Tissue Damage in Ocular Toxoplasmosis |
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167 | (1) |
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5.5 Host Factors in Ocular Toxoplasmosis |
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168 | (1) |
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5.6 Parasite Factors in Ocular Infection |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (3) |
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5.8 Clinical Characteristics |
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172 | (7) |
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5.9 Diagnostic Tests and Pathology |
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179 | (4) |
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5.10 The Treatment and Management of Ocular Toxoplasmosis |
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183 | (4) |
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187 | (7) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (7) |
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6 Toxoplasmosis in Wild and Domestic Animals |
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194 | (1) |
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6.2 Toxoplasmosis in Wild Life |
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194 | (10) |
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6.3 Toxoplasmosis in Zoos |
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204 | (2) |
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6.4 Toxoplasma gondii and Endangered Species |
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206 | (1) |
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6.5 Toxoplasmosis in Pets |
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206 | (2) |
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6.6 Domestic Farm Animals |
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208 | (2) |
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6.7 Fish, Reptiles and Amphibians |
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210 | (8) |
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211 | (7) |
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7 Toxoplasma Animal Models and Therapeutics |
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218 | (1) |
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7.2 Congenital Toxoplasmosis |
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219 | (11) |
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230 | (9) |
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7.4 Cerebral Toxoplasmosis |
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239 | (19) |
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249 | (9) |
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8 Biochemistry and Metabolism of Toxoplasma gondii: Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleotides |
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258 | (1) |
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8.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism |
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259 | (7) |
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8.3 N-Glycosylation in Toxoplasma gondii |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (2) |
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269 | (13) |
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8.6 Nucleotide Biosynthesis |
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282 | (5) |
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8.7 Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolase (NTPase) |
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287 | (11) |
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290 | (8) |
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9 The Apicoplast and Mitochondrion of Toxoplasma gondii |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (31) |
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330 | (11) |
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341 | (11) |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (11) |
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10 Calcium Storage and Homeostasis in Toxoplasma gondii |
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352 | (1) |
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10.2 Fluorescent Methods to Study Calcium Homeostasis in Toxoplasma gondii |
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352 | (5) |
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10.3 Regulation of [ Ca2+]i in Toxoplasma gondii |
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357 | (3) |
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360 | (8) |
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10.5 Ca2+ and Cell Function in Toxoplasma gondii |
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368 | (3) |
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371 | (4) |
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372 | (1) |
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372 | (3) |
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11 The Toxoplasma gondii Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane: A Multifunctional Organelle in the Infected Cell |
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375 | (2) |
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11.2 Biogenesis of the PVM |
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377 | (1) |
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11.3 The Physical Organization of the PV and PVM |
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378 | (1) |
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11.4 Activities Associated with the Early and Developing PVM |
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379 | (3) |
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11.5 Structural Modifications in the Host Cell |
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382 | (1) |
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11.6 Role of the PVM in Nutrient Acquisition |
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382 | (1) |
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11.7 The PVM as the Substrate for the Developing Tissue Cyst Wall |
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383 | (1) |
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11.8 Identification of Novel Activities at the PVM |
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384 | (6) |
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384 | (6) |
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12 Toxoplasma Secretory Proteins and Their Roles in Cell Invasion and Intracellular Survival |
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Marie-France Cesbron-Delauw |
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390 | (1) |
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12.2 Invasion: A Rapid and Active Process Unique to Apicomplexan Parasites |
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391 | (2) |
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12.3 Invasion: A Tightly Coupled Secretion Machinery |
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393 | (4) |
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397 | (21) |
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418 | (17) |
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435 | (9) |
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444 | (12) |
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444 | (1) |
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444 | (12) |
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13 The Toxoplasma Cytoskeleton: Structures, Proteins and Processes |
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456 | (7) |
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13.2 Cytoskeletal Elements |
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463 | (23) |
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13.3 Putting it all Together: Processes |
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486 | (11) |
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13.4 Summary: A Story of Adaptation, Loss and Novel Components |
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497 | (9) |
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498 | (1) |
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498 | (8) |
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14 Interactions Between Toxoplasma Effectors and Host Immune Responses |
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14.1 Early Indications that Toxoplasma Interferes with Host Signalling |
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506 | (1) |
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14.2 Rhoptry Protein ROP16 |
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506 | (3) |
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14.3 Dense Granule Protein GRA15 |
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509 | (3) |
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14.4 Rhoptry Protein ROP18 |
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512 | (1) |
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14.5 Rhoptry Protein ROP5 |
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513 | (3) |
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14.6 Other Parasite Molecules Possibly Influencing Host Cell Signalling |
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516 | (1) |
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516 | (5) |
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517 | (4) |
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15 Bradyzoite Development |
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521 | (2) |
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15.2 Bradyzoite and Tissue Cyst Morphology and Biology |
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523 | (2) |
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15.3 The Development of Tissue Cysts and Bradyzoites in Vitro |
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525 | (3) |
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15.4 The Cell Cycle and Bradyzoite Development |
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528 | (2) |
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15.5 The Stress Response and Signalling Pathways for Bradyzoite Formation |
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530 | (2) |
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532 | (2) |
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15.7 Transcriptional Control of Bradyzoite Genes |
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534 | (1) |
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15.8 Cyst Wall and Matrix Antigens |
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535 | (4) |
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539 | (1) |
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15.10 Metabolic Differences Between Bradyzoites and Tachyzoites |
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540 | (2) |
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15.11 Genetic Studies on Bradyzoite Biology |
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542 | (2) |
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544 | (8) |
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544 | (1) |
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545 | (7) |
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16 Development and Application of Classical Genetics in Toxoplasma gondii |
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552 | (1) |
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16.2 Biology of Toxoplasma |
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552 | (2) |
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16.3 Establishment of Transmission Genetics |
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554 | (4) |
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16.4 Development of Genetic Mapping |
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558 | (3) |
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16.5 Mapping Phenotypic Traits by Classical Genetics |
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561 | (12) |
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573 | (5) |
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573 | (1) |
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573 | (5) |
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17 Genetic Manipulation of Toxoplasma gondii |
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578 | (2) |
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17.2 The Mechanics of Making Transgenic Parasites |
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580 | (5) |
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17.3 Using Transgenic Parasites to Study the Function of Parasite Genes |
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585 | (9) |
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594 | (1) |
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17.5 The Toxoplasma Maniatis: A Selection of Detailed Protocols for Parasite Culture, Genetic Manipulation and Phenotypic Characterization |
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594 | (20) |
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607 | (1) |
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608 | (6) |
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18 Epigenetic and Genetic Factors that Regulate Gene Expression in Toxoplasma gondii |
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614 | (1) |
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18.2 Transcription in Toxoplasma |
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614 | (11) |
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18.3 Epigenetics in Toxoplasma |
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625 | (10) |
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18.4 Post-Transcriptional Mechanisms in Toxoplasma |
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635 | (4) |
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18.5 Conclusions and Future Directions |
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639 | (8) |
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640 | (1) |
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640 | (7) |
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19 ToxoDB: An Integrated Functional Genomic Resource for Toxoplasma and Other Sarcocystidae |
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647 | (1) |
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648 | (1) |
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649 | (1) |
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19.4 The ToxoDB Home Page |
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650 | (1) |
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19.5 The Search Strategy System |
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651 | (4) |
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655 | (4) |
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659 | (1) |
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659 | (5) |
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660 | (1) |
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661 | (3) |
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20 Comparative Aspects of Nucleotide and Amino Acid Metabolism in Toxoplasma gondii and Other Apicomplexa |
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664 | (1) |
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665 | (20) |
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685 | (12) |
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697 | (11) |
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699 | (9) |
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21 Toxoplasma gondii Chemical Biology |
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708 | (1) |
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21.2 Small Molecules as Tools: To Monitor or to Modulate? |
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708 | (2) |
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21.3 Reverse (Target-Based) Chemical Genetics |
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710 | (2) |
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21.4 Forward (Cell-Based) Chemical Genetics |
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712 | (5) |
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21.5 Demonstrating Compound Specificity/Selectivity; Target Validation |
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717 | (3) |
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21.6 Toxoplasma gondii Chemical Biology: Case Studies |
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720 | (7) |
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21.7 Toxoplasma gondii Chemical Biology: Summary and Future Prospects |
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727 | (5) |
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727 | (1) |
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727 | (5) |
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22 Proteomics of Toxoplasma gondii |
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732 | (1) |
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22.2 Fundamentals of Proteomics |
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733 | (2) |
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22.3 Which Proteome? Proteomes and Subproteomes of Toxoplasma gondii |
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735 | (1) |
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22.4 Mass-Spectrometry Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii Proteins |
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736 | (1) |
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22.5 Quantitative Proteomics |
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737 | (2) |
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22.6 Application of Proteomics to the Study of Toxoplasma gondii |
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739 | (1) |
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22.7 Proteomics Analysis of the Rhoptry Organelles of Toxoplasma gondii |
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740 | (3) |
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22.8 Proteomics Analysis of Excretory/Secretory Proteins of Toxoplasma gondii |
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743 | (1) |
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22.9 Proteomics Analysis of Membrane Proteins of Toxoplasma gondii |
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744 | (1) |
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22.10 The Dynamic Proteome of Toxoplasma gondii |
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745 | (2) |
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22.11 Proteomics as a Tool to Dissect the Host Response to Infection |
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747 | (1) |
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22.12 Database Management of Toxoplasma gondii Proteomics Data |
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748 | (3) |
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22.13 Conclusion and Perspectives |
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751 | (5) |
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751 | (1) |
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751 | (5) |
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23 Cerebral Toxoplasmosis: Pathogenesis, Host Resistance and Behavioural Consequences |
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756 | (1) |
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23.2 Producers of Interleukin (IL)-12 Required for IFNγ Production |
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757 | (2) |
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759 | (4) |
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23.4 Other Cytokines and Regulatory Molecules for Resistance |
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763 | (5) |
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23.5 Involvement of Humoural Immunity in Resistance |
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768 | (1) |
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23.6 IFNγ Induced Effector Mechanisms |
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769 | (4) |
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23.7 IFNγ Effector Cells in the Brain with Activity Against Toxoplasma gondii |
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773 | (3) |
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23.8 The Role of Host Cells Harbouring Toxoplasma gondii in the Brain |
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776 | (3) |
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23.9 Immune Responses to the Cyst Stage of Toxoplasma gondii in the Brain |
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779 | (1) |
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23.10 Host Genes Involved in Regulating Resistance |
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780 | (1) |
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23.11 Immune Effector Mechanisms in Ocular Toxoplasmosis |
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781 | (1) |
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23.12 Immune Effector Mechanisms in Congenital Toxoplasmosis |
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782 | (1) |
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23.13 Behavourial Consequences of Infection |
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783 | (5) |
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788 | (9) |
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788 | (1) |
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789 | (8) |
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24 Innate Immunity to Toxoplasma gondii |
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797 | (1) |
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24.2 Establishment of Infection |
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798 | (1) |
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24.3 The Critical Importance of IL-12-Dependent IFNγ Production |
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798 | (2) |
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24.4 Pattern Recognition Receptors and IL-12 Production |
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800 | (2) |
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24.5 Toxoplasma gondii Modulation of Host Cell Signalling |
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802 | (1) |
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24.6 Toxoplasma gondii Genotype-Dependent Effects on Host Cell Signalling |
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803 | (1) |
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24.7 Cell Autonomous Immunity |
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804 | (6) |
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24.8 Antigen Presentation |
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810 | (1) |
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24.9 Conclusion and Perspectives |
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811 | (10) |
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812 | (9) |
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25 Adaptive Immunity and Genetics of the Host Immune Response |
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821 | (3) |
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25.2 Mouse Genetic Studies |
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824 | (41) |
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25.3 Studies of Lewis and Fischer Rats |
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865 | (4) |
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25.4 Studies in Humans Concerning Genes that Confer Resistance or Susceptibility and the Use of Murine Models with Human Transgenes |
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869 | (68) |
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25.5 Influence of Parasite Strain on Immune Response and Disease in Murine Models |
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937 | (2) |
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25.6 General Aspects of Immunity |
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939 | (14) |
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25.7 Immunological Control in Animal Models |
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953 | (5) |
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25.8 Immunological Control in Humans |
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958 | (5) |
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25.9 Influence of Co-Infection with Other Pathogens |
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963 | (1) |
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25.10 Pregnancy and Congenital Disease |
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963 | (3) |
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25.11 Summary and Conclusions |
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966 | (30) |
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966 | (1) |
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967 | (29) |
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26 Vaccination against Toxoplasmosis: Current Status and Future Prospects |
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996 | (1) |
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26.2 Scope of Problem and Potential Benefits of Vaccination |
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996 | (5) |
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26.3 Current Status of Vaccines for Intermediate Hosts |
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1001 | (30) |
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26.4 The Rodent as a Model to Study Congenital Disease and Vaccination |
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1031 | (2) |
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26.5 Review of Vaccines for Definitive Host (CATS) |
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1033 | (2) |
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26.6 Future Strategies to Design New Vaccines for Coccidial Parasites in General and Toxoplasma gondii in Particular |
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1035 | (12) |
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1037 | (10) |
Epilogue |
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1047 | (2) |
Index |
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1049 | |