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Transformations of Materials [Pehme köide]

(The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 200 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm
  • Sari: IOP Concise Physics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Sep-2019
  • Kirjastus: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
  • ISBN-10: 1643276174
  • ISBN-13: 9781643276175
Teised raamatud teemal:
Transformations of MaterialsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 200 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm
  • Sari: IOP Concise Physics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Sep-2019
  • Kirjastus: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
  • ISBN-10: 1643276174
  • ISBN-13: 9781643276175
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781643276175.html
Märksõnad:

Phase transformations are among the most intriguing and technologically useful phenomena in materials, particularly with regard to controlling microstructure.

After a review of thermodynamics, this book has chapters on Brownian motion and the diffusion equation, diffusion in solids based on transition-state theory, spinodal decomposition, nucleation and growth, instabilities in solidification, and diffusionless transformations. Each chapter includes exercises whose solutions are available in a separate manual.

This book is based on the notes from a graduate course taught in the Centre for Doctoral Training in the Theory and Simulation of Materials. The course was attended by students with undergraduate degrees in physics, mathematics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering. The notes from this course, and this book, were written to accommodate these diverse backgrounds.

Preface ix
Author biography xi
1 Overview of thermodynamics
1(1)
1.1 Basic concepts and terminology
2(2)
1.1.1 Systems and boundaries
2(1)
1.1.2 Equilibrium and state variables
2(1)
1.1.3 Processes
3(1)
1.2 The laws of thermodynamics
4(3)
1.2.1 The zeroth law of thermodynamics
4(1)
1.2.2 The first law of thermodynamics
5(1)
1.2.3 The second law of thermodynamics
5(1)
1.2.4 The third law of thermodynamics
6(1)
1.3 Fundamental equations
7(5)
1.3.1 The Gibbs function
8(2)
1.3.2 The Helmholtz function
10(2)
1.4 Thermal, mechanical, and chemical equilibria
12(2)
1.5 Phase equilibria
14(3)
1.5.1 The Clausius-Clapeyron equation
14(1)
1.5.2 The Gibbs phase rule
15(2)
1.6 Summary
17(1)
Further reading
17(1)
Exercises
17(5)
References
22
2 Brownian motion, random walks, and the diffusion equation
1(1)
2.1 Random walks and Brownian motion
2(4)
2.1.1 Brownian motion
2(1)
2.1.2 The random walk and the diffusion equation
3(3)
2.2 Fick's laws and the diffusion equation
6(2)
2.2.1 Fick's first law
6(1)
2.2.2 The continuity equation
7(1)
2.2.3 Fick's second law and the diffusion equation
8(1)
2.3 Fundamental solution of the diffusion equation
8(6)
2.3.1 Differential equation for Fourier components
9(1)
2.3.2 The fundamental solution
10(3)
2.3.3 Solution of the initial-value problem
13(1)
2.4 Examples
14(3)
2.5 Summary
17(1)
Further reading
17(1)
Exercises
18(4)
References
22
3 Atomic diffusion in solids
1(1)
3.1 Defects in solids
2(4)
3.1.1 Point defects
2(1)
3.1.2 Line defects
3(2)
3.1.3 Plane defects
5(1)
3.1.4 Volume defects
5(1)
3.2 Thermodynamics of point defects
6(1)
3.3 Diffusion mechanisms
7(2)
3.4 Transition-state theory
9(9)
3.4.1 Assumptions of classical transition-state theory
9(1)
3.4.2 Equilibrium statistical mechanics
10(1)
3.4.3 The dividing surface
11(1)
3.4.4 The rate constant
12(1)
3.4.5 The harmonic approximation
13(5)
3.5 Analysis of diffusion experiments
18(5)
3.5.1 Diffusion processes
18(1)
3.5.2 Arrhenius diagrams
19(4)
3.6 Summary
23(2)
Further reading
25(1)
Exercises
25(3)
References
28
4 Spinodal decomposition
1(1)
4.1 The Bragg--Williams model
2(3)
4.2 The phase diagram
5(6)
4.2.1 Thermodynamic stability
5(1)
4.2.2 Stable, metastable, and unstable phases
6(3)
4.2.3 Kinetics of unmixing
9(2)
4.3 The Cahn--Hilliard equation
11(7)
4.3.1 Spatially-varying concentrations
12(1)
4.3.2 The fundamental equations
13(1)
4.3.3 Functional derivative of the free energy
14(1)
4.3.4 Evolution equation for the concentration
15(3)
4.4 Experiments on spinodal decomposition
18(2)
4.5 Summary
20(1)
Further reading
21(1)
Exercises
22(4)
References
26
5 Nucleation and growth
1(1)
5.1 Classical nucleation theory
2(3)
5.1.1 Metastability
2(1)
5.1.2 Homogeneous formation of nuclei
2(3)
5.2 Nucleation rate of solid-state transformations
5(2)
5.3 Homogeneous versus heterogeneous nucleation
7(2)
5.3.1 Heterogeneous nucleation on a surface
7(1)
5.3.2 Elastic effects in solid-state nucleation
8(1)
5.4 Overall transformation rate
9(10)
5.4.1 Kolmogorov--Johnson--Mehl--Avrami theory
10(2)
5.4.2 Derivation of the KJMA equation
12(3)
5.4.3 Determination of nucleation mechanisms
15(1)
5.4.4 Graphene
16(3)
5.5 Summary
19(1)
Further reading
19(1)
Exercises
19(5)
References
24
6 Instabilities of solidification fronts
1(1)
6.1 Solidification of a pure liquid
3(5)
6.1.1 The heat equation
3(1)
6.1.2 Velocity of the liquid--solid interface
4(1)
6.1.3 The Gibbs--Thomson equation
5(2)
6.1.4 Equations for the dimensionless temperature
7(1)
6.2 Motion of a spherical solidification front
8(3)
6.2.1 Solution for shape-preserving growth
8(3)
6.3 Linear stability of spherical front
11(8)
6.3.1 Solution of the heat equation
11(2)
6.3.2 The Gibbs--Thomson relation
13(1)
6.3.3 The conservation equation
14(1)
6.3.4 The dispersion relation
15(2)
6.3.5 Numerical simulation of two-dimensional instabilities
17(2)
6.4 Constitutional supercooling
19(1)
6.5 Summary
20(1)
Further reading
21(1)
Exercises
21(3)
References
24
7 Diffusionless transformations
1(1)
7.1 Martensitic transformations
2(3)
7.1.1 Crystallographic considerations
3(1)
7.1.2 Free energy changes
4(1)
7.2 Shape memory alloys and pseudoelasticity
5(1)
7.3 Theory of pseudoelasticity
6(5)
7.3.1 Ginzburg--Landau free energy functional
6(3)
7.3.2 Nucleation of critical `true twin' droplets
9(2)
7.4 Summary
11(1)
Further reading
12(1)
Exercises
12(1)
References
13
Appendix A Contour integral for the fundamental solution 1(1)
Appendix B Curvature of plane curves 1(1)
Appendix C Integrals for droplet nucleation 1
Dimitri Dimitrievich Vvedensky is Professor of Physics in the Department of Physics at Imperial College London. He obtained his B.S. in Mathematics at the University of Maryland and his S.M. and Ph.D in Materials Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He has been on the faculty at Imperial since 1985.

He is the author of more than 250 technical publications, including 8 authored or edited books, and is a Fellow of the Institute of Physics and the American Physical Society. He has been a Guest Professor in the Department of Physics at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich and at the University of Aix-Marseille, the Röntgen Professor at the University of Würzburg, and a Senior Fellow at the Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics at UCLA. He is a three-time recipient of the Rectors Award for Teaching Excellence.