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Transgenic Insects: Techniques and Applications 2nd edition [Kõva köide]

Contributions by (University of California, USA), Contributions by (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Isra), Contributions by , Edited by (North Carolina State University, USA), Contributions by , Contributions by (University of Göttingen, Germany), Contributions by , Contributions by , Series edited by (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA), Contributions by (Yale School of Public Health, USA)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 624 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 244x172x37 mm, kaal: 1686 g
  • Sari: CABI Biotechnology Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Nov-2022
  • Kirjastus: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 1800621159
  • ISBN-13: 9781800621152
Teised raamatud teemal:
Transgenic Insects: Techniques and Applications 2nd editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 624 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 244x172x37 mm, kaal: 1686 g
  • Sari: CABI Biotechnology Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Nov-2022
  • Kirjastus: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 1800621159
  • ISBN-13: 9781800621152
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781800621152.html
Märksõnad:
Technology for modifying the genotypes and phenotypes of insects and other arthropods has steadily progressed with the development of more precise and powerful methods, most prominently transgenic modification. For many insect pests, there is now almost unlimited ability to modify phenotypes to benefit human health and agriculture. Precise DNA modifications and gene drive have the power to make wild-type populations less harmful in ways that could never have been performed with previous transgenic approaches. This transition from primarily laboratory science to greater application for field use has also necessitated greater development of modeling, ethical considerations and regulatory oversight. The 2nd Edition of Transgenic Insects contains chapters contributed by experts in the field that cover technologies and applications that are now possible. This edition includes increased attention to associated challenges of risk assessment, regulation, and public engagement. Featuring: Up-to-date analysis of molecular techniques, such as gene editing. Consideration of public attitudes and regulatory aspects associated with transgenic insects. Many examples of the wide range of applications of transgenic insects. This book will be very valuable to students and researchers in entomology, molecular biology, genetics, public health and agriculture, and will also appeal to practitioners who are implementing the technology, and to regulators, stakeholders and ethicists.

Muu info

Most relevant to graduate students through researchers in entomology, molecular biology, genetics, public health and agriculture. Will also have appeal to 'practitioners' who are implementing the technology, regulators, stakeholders and ethicists.
Contributors xvii
Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxv
PART 1 GERMLINE TRANSFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
1 Transposon-Based Technologies for Insects
1(22)
David A. O'Brochta
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Transposons Used in Insects
1(5)
1.2.1 P elements
2(1)
1.2.2 Piggy Bac
3(1)
1.2.3 Mosl
3(2)
1.2.4 Minos
5(1)
1.2.5 Hermes, Herves, hopper and hobo
6(1)
1.2.6 Tn5
6(1)
1.3 Mutagenesis
6(1)
1.4 Germline Transformation
7(1)
1.5 Transposons as Technology Platforms
8(3)
1.5.1 Gene expression
8(1)
1.5.2 Cell ablation
9(1)
1.5.3 Gene silencing
9(1)
1.5.4 Genetic sensors
9(2)
1.6 Hybrid Transposase Systems for Precision Integration
11(1)
1.7 CRISPR-associated Transposases
12(1)
1.8 Conclusion
13(10)
2 Inducible and Repressible Systems for Transgene Expression
23(19)
Marc F. Schetelig
Rosemary S. Lees
Rocco D'Amato
Mark Q. Benedict
2.1 Introduction
23(1)
2.2 Naturally Occurring Systems of Conditional Expression
24(5)
2.2.1 Heat shock - hsp70
24(2)
2.2.2 Natural temperature-sensitive lethal elements and mutations
26(1)
2.2.3 Glucose repression
27(1)
2.2.4 Metallothionein
27(1)
2.2.5 Lac inducible systems
28(1)
2.3 Synthetic Systems
29(6)
2.3.1 Tetracycline-mediated expression
29(2)
2.3.2 Dimerization
31(2)
2.3.3 GeneSwitch
33(1)
2.3.4 Q system
33(2)
2.3.5 Use of Cre/loxP recombination
35(1)
2.4 Conclusions
35(7)
3 Sex-, Tissue- and Stage-Specific Transgene Expression
42(32)
Tony Nolan
Andrew M. Hammond
3.1 Introduction
42(1)
3.2 Gene Regulation in Insects
42(10)
3.2.1 Transcriptional control
42(1)
3.2.2 The promoter
43(1)
3.2.3 Enhancers and silencers
43(1)
3.2.4 Chromatin structure and genomic position effects
43(9)
3.3 Post-transcriptional and Translational Control
52(2)
3.3.1 Untranslated regions and introns
52(1)
3.3.2 Regulatory RNAs
52(1)
3.3.3 Splicing
53(1)
3.3.4 Translational control
53(1)
3.4 The Basic Genetic Construct
54(1)
3.5 Sex-Specific Gene Expression
54(2)
3.5.1 Targeting chromosomes
54(1)
3.5.2 Sex-specific splicing
55(1)
3.5.3 Sex-specific promoters
55(1)
3.6 Tissue-Specific Gene Expression
56(1)
3.6.1 Targeting tissues relevant for parasite transmission
56(1)
3.6.2 Targeting germline expression for gene drives
56(1)
3.6.3 Targeting expression in chemosensory neurons
57(1)
3.7 Stage-Specific Gene Expression
57(2)
3.7.1 Targeting developmental stages
57(1)
3.7.2 Targeting environmental, circadian and behavioural conditions
58(1)
3.8 Design of Expression Systems for Sex-, Tissue- and Stage-Specific Transgene Expression
59(1)
3.9 Mining Transcriptomics Data for Promoter Design
59(4)
3.9.1 Limiting the promoter length
59(1)
3.9.2 The importance of the UTR
60(1)
3.9.3 Boosting levels of expression
60(1)
3.9.4 Dampening levels of expression
61(1)
3.9.5 Signal peptides for subcellular and extracellular localization
61(1)
3.9.6 Controlling for position effects
61(1)
3.9.7 In-frame fusions to capture endogenous regulation
62(1)
3.9.8 Binary expression systems
63(1)
3.10 Future Prospects
63(11)
4 RNA Interference to Modify Phenotypes in Agriculturally Important Pest and Beneficial Insects: Useful Examples and Future Challenges
74(26)
Kristof De Schutter
Guy Smagghe
4.1 Introduction
74(2)
4.2 RNAi Phenotypes in Insect Growth, Development, Behaviour and Reproduction
76(6)
4.2.1 Growth and development
76(5)
4.2.2 Behaviour and reproduction
81(1)
4.3 RNAi Phenotypes Unravelling the Duality of Gene Isoforms
82(1)
4.4 RNAi Phenotypes to Understand Insecticides, Mode of Action and Resistance Mechanisms
82(2)
4.5 RNAi Phenotypes in Crop Protection
84(2)
4.6 RNAi Phenotypes in Beneficial Insects, Pollinators and Natural Enemies
86(2)
4.7 RNAi in the Field: Considerations for Biosafety
88(1)
4.8 RNAi Future Challenges for Fundamental Mechanisms and Applications
88(3)
4.9 Conclusions
91(9)
5 Site-Specific Recombination for Gene Locus-Directed Transgene Integration and Modification
100(25)
Hassan M.M. Ahmed
Ernst A. Wimmer
5.1 Introduction
100(1)
5.2 Classification and Mechanisms of Site-Specific Recombination
101(3)
5.2.1 Tyrosine and serine site-specific recombinases
101(2)
5.2.2 CRISPR-Cas-mediated DNA double-strand breaks for site-specific genome editing
103(1)
5.3 Applications of Site-Specific Recombination
104(13)
5.3.1 Integration into a single specific site
104(3)
5.3.2 Integration into two sites
107(2)
5.3.3 Modification of transgenes
109(6)
5.3.4 Gene locus-directed chromosome modification: deletions, inversions and translocations
115(2)
5.4 Conclusions
117(8)
6 Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo - ReMOT Control: a Comprehensive Review and Detailed Protocol for Implementation
125(24)
Gerard Terradas
Vanessa M. Macias
Hillary Peterson
Sage McKeand
Grzegorz Krawczyk
Jason L. Rasgon
6.1 History of Transgenic Methods in Arthropods
125(3)
6.2 Development of CRISPR-based Technologies
128(1)
6.3 Problems with Traditional Embryonic Microinjection
129(1)
6.4 ReMOT Control Development
130(2)
6.5 Summary of ReMOT Control Successes
132(5)
6.5.1 Mosquitoes
132(1)
6.5.2 Non-mosquito insects
133(4)
6.6 Challenges and Future Directions
137(2)
6.7 Recommendations for Adaptation of ReMOT Control to New Species
139(1)
6.8 Generalized ReMOT Control Protocol
139(10)
6.8.1 Prior to ReMOT Control
139(1)
6.8.2 One day before injections
140(1)
6.8.3 On injection day
140(1)
6.8.4 Screening protocol
141(1)
6.8.5 In vitro protein expression protocol
142(7)
7 Site-Directed DNA Sequence Modification Using CRISPR-Cas9
149(25)
Carolina Concha
Riccardo Papa
7.1 The CRISPR/Cas9 Revolution
149(4)
7.1.1 CRISPR/Cas systems in bacterial immunity
150(2)
7.1.2 CRISPR/Cas9 as a genome editing tool
152(1)
7.2 Site-Directed Genomic Modifications in Insects (Version 2.0)
153(4)
7.2.1 Designing sgRNA
153(1)
7.2.2 Delivery of Cas9-gRNA complexes
154(2)
7.2.3 Identifying genomic modifications
156(1)
7.3 Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in Insects
157(7)
7.3.1 Developing markers for mutants
157(2)
7.3.2 Testing gene function before making a gene drive
159(2)
7.3.3 Functional genomics in evolution
161(3)
7.4 Concluding Remarks
164(10)
PART 2 GENE DRIVE
8 An Introduction to the Molecular Genetics of Gene Drives and Thoughts on Their Gradual Transition to Field Use
174(26)
Robyn Raban
Omar S. Akbari
8.1 Introduction
174(4)
8.2 Molecular Mechanism of CRISPR Homing-based Drive Systems
178(7)
8.3 Population Modification
185(3)
8.4 Population Suppression
188(1)
8.5 Additional Drive Design, Performance and Implementation Considerations
189(1)
8.6 A Phased Approach to Gene Drive Advancement to the Field
190(2)
8.7 Concluding Remarks
192(8)
9 Drosophila melanogaster as a Model for Gene Drive Systems
200(24)
Jackson Champer
9.1 Introduction
200(1)
9.2 Engineered Transposon Drives
201(1)
9.3 Homing Drives
201(7)
9.3.1 Basic characteristics
201(4)
9.3.2 Improved versions
205(3)
9.3.3 Variants for drive control and applications
208(1)
9.4 Shredder Drives
208(1)
9.5 Toxin-Antidote Gene Drives
209(6)
9.5.1 Cytoplasmic incompatibility
210(1)
9.5.2 Medea
211(1)
9.5.3 RNAi underdominance drives
211(2)
9.5.4 Other underdominance drives
213(1)
9.5.5 CRISPR toxin-antidote drives
213(1)
9.5.6 Tethered drives
214(1)
9.6 Self-limiting Gene Drives
215(2)
9.6.1 Killer-rescue drives
215(1)
9.6.2 Split drives
216(1)
9.7 Measurement of Gene Drive Fitness
217(1)
9.8 Comparisons with Other Organisms
217(2)
9.9 Conclusions
219(5)
10 Sex Ratio Manipulation Using Gene Drive for Mosquito Population Control
224(19)
Yael Arien
Yehonatan Akalay
Daniella An Haber
Lee Benjamin Lamdan
Rotem Daniel Avraham
Philippos Aris Papathanos
10.1 Introduction
224(1)
10.2 Overview and General Principles of Sex Ratio Distorting (SRD) Methods
225(1)
10.3 Meiotic Drive and Engineered X-Chromosome Shredders
225(4)
10.4 Post-Zygotic Sex Distortion Through Sex-Specific Lethality
229(2)
10.5 Engineering Y-Linked SRDs in Mosquitoes
231(2)
10.6 Manipulation of Sex Determination Mechanisms
233(3)
10.7 Conclusions
236(7)
11 Population Modification Using Gene Drive for Reduction of Malaria Transmission
243(16)
Vanessa Bottino-Rojas
Anthony A. James
11.1 Introduction
243(1)
11.2 Features of Gene Drive Population Modification Systems
244(2)
11.3 Design Features of Parasite-Resistant Mosquitoes for Population Modification
246(4)
11.4 Performance Objectives of Population Modification
250(2)
11.5 Conclusions
252(7)
12 Modelling Threshold-Dependent Gene Drives: a Case Study Using Engineered Underdominance
259(20)
Matthew P. Edgington
Luke Alphey
12.1 Introduction to Threshold-Dependent Gene Drives
259(1)
12.2 Two-Locus Engineered Underdominance
260(1)
12.3 Mathematical Modelling Approaches
261(2)
12.4 Introduction Thresholds
263(1)
12.5 Relaxing Model Assumptions
264(6)
12.5.1 Resistance formation and mutation
265(2)
12.5.2 UD reversal
267(1)
12.5.3 Spatial effects
268(2)
12.6 Linking Theory and Experimentation
270(1)
12.7 Alternative Configurations of UD
271(2)
12.8 Areas of Future Interest
273(6)
PART 3 PARATRANSGENESIS
13 Tsetse Paratransgenesis: a Novel Strategy for Reducing the Spread of African Trypanosomiases
279(17)
Brian L. Weiss
Liu Yang
Serap Aksoy
13.1 Tsetse as Vectors of Parasitic African Trypanosomes
279(1)
13.2 Tsetse Reproduction and Symbiosis
280(3)
13.2.1 Tsetse reproduction
280(1)
13.2.2 Tsetse's endogenous endosymbionts
280(3)
13.3 Utilizing Endogenous Endosymbionts for Tsetse Paratransgenesis
283(3)
13.3.1 Recombinant Sodalis is well suited for tsetse paratransgenesis
283(1)
13.3.2 Identification and expression of antitrypanosomal effector molecules
284(2)
13.3.3 Paratransgenic manipulation of tsetse midgut physiology to alter parasite infection dynamics
286(1)
13.4 Utilizing Exogenous Bacteria for Tsetse Paratransgenesis
286(1)
13.5 Mechanisms to Drive Parasite-Resistant Tsetse Phenotypes into Natural Populations
287(2)
13.5.1 Exploiting Wolbachia-mediated mating incompatibilities
287(1)
13.5.2 Modelling the efficacy of paratransgenic control
288(1)
13.5.3 Polyandry and cytoplasmic incompatibility
288(1)
13.6 Conclusions
289(7)
14 Paratransgenic Control of Chagas Disease
296(12)
Ivy Hurwitz
Nicole Klein
Adam P. Forshaw
Ellen M. Dotson
Ravi V. Durvasula
14.1 Introduction
296(1)
14.2 Chagas Disease
297(1)
14.2.1 Epidemiology, ecology and modes of transmission of Chagas disease
297(1)
14.2.2 Global spread of Chagas disease
297(1)
14.3 Novel Approaches to Control of Chagas Disease
298(4)
14.3.1 Paratransgenesis
298(2)
14.3.2 Antimicrobial peptides as effector molecules
300(1)
14.3.3 Single-chain antibodies
301(1)
14.3.4 p-1-3-glucanase
302(1)
14.3.5 Additional methods for bacterial modifications
302(1)
14.4 From Bench Top to Field Trials
302(2)
14.5 Conclusions
304(4)
15 Asaia Paratransgenesis in Mosquitoes
308(12)
Maria Vittoria Mancini
Guido Favia
15.1 Asaia
308(2)
15.2 Paratransgenesis for Vector Control
310(1)
15.3 Desirable Attributes of Asaia as a Paratransgenic Candidate
311(2)
15.4 Asaia in Mosquitoes: What Is its Beneficial Role?
313(1)
15.5 Considerations for Paratransgenic Applications of Asaia
314(1)
15.6 Other Implications in Asaia-Host Interations
315(1)
15.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
315(5)
16 Paratransgenesis in Mosquitoes and Other Insects: Microbial Ecology and Bacterial Genetic Considerations
320(20)
Marisa L. Guido
Thomas P. Kelly
Nicholas J. Bongio
David J. Lampe
16.1 Introduction
320(1)
16.2 Requirements for Successful Paratransgenesis
320(12)
16.2.1 Mosquito microbial ecology
321(1)
16.2.2 Effector molecules
322(2)
16.2.3 Effector delivery
324(3)
16.2.4 Fitness considerations for paratransgenic bacteria
327(1)
16.2.5 Genetically stable paratransgenic strains suitable for field release
328(4)
16.2.6 Introducing and spreading bacterial strains for paratransgenesis
332(1)
16.3 Paratransgenesis of Mosquitoes Against Malaria with Genetically Modified Bacteria
332(1)
16.4 Paratransgenesis with Naturally Occurring Bacterial Strains
333(1)
16.5 Conclusions
333(7)
PART 4 APPLICATIONS OF TRANSGENIC INSECTS
17 Transgenic Approaches for Sterile Insect Control of Dipteran Livestock Pests and Lepidopteran Crop Pests
340(19)
Maxwell J. Scott
Neil I. Morrison
Gregory S. Simmons
17.1 A Brief History of Using the Sterile Insect Technique for Controlling Populations of Agricultural Pests
340(2)
17.1.1 Male-only releases
342(1)
17.2 Unaddressed Challenges with Classical SIT Programmes
342(1)
17.3 Biotechnology Enhanced SIT: an Overview
343(6)
17.3.1 Transgenic technologies provide a means for reliably marking released insects
343(1)
17.3.2 Transgenic marking: pink bollworm case study
344(1)
17.3.3 Molecular genetic systems for development of male-only strains
345(4)
17.4 Biotechnology Enhanced SIT: New World Screwworm and the Australian Sheep Blowfly
349(2)
17.4.1 Germline transformation of C. hominivorax and L. cuprina
349(1)
17.4.2 Development of transgenic sexing strains of C. hominivorax and L. cuprina
350(1)
17.5 Biotechnology Enhanced SIT: Lepidoptera
351(2)
17.5.1 Pink bollworm - a bi-sex self-limiting strain
351(1)
17.5.2 Male-selecting, self-limiting lepidopteran strain
352(1)
17.6 Future Directions
353(6)
18 Honey Bee Genome Editing
359(16)
Alison McAfee
Judy Li
Marianne Otte
18.1 Introduction
359(1)
18.2 The Value of Honey Bees
359(1)
18.3 Overview of Honey Bee Genome Editing
360(1)
18.4 Germline Gene Editing
361(3)
18.4.1 Engineering queens
361(1)
18.4.2 Methods of introducing genome editing machinery to oocytes
361(3)
18.5 Somatic Gene Editing and Transgene Expression
364(2)
18.5.1 Electroporation
364(1)
18.5.2 Baculovirus systems
365(1)
18.5.3 Local injection of CRISPR/Cas9 machinery
365(1)
18.6 PiggyBac- and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Honey Bee Genome Editing by Embryonic Injection
366(2)
18.6.1 Improvements to the piggyBac transposon system
366(1)
18.6.2 CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing
366(2)
18.7 Industrial Applications
368(2)
18.7.1 Ethical considerations of commercial use
368(1)
18.7.2 Biological barriers to commercial viability
369(1)
18.8 Genome Editing of Honey Bee Symbionts
370(1)
18.9 Conclusion and Future Directions
371(4)
19 Progress Towards Germline Transformation of Ticks
375(20)
Michael Pham
Arvind Sharma
Andrew Nuss
Monika Gulia-Nuss
19.1 Introduction
375(1)
19.2 Tick Embryogenesis
376(3)
19.2.1 Early embryonic development in Dermacentor spp.: D. andersoni and D. variabilis
376(2)
19.2.2 Early embryonic development in Rhiphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
378(1)
19.2.3 Early embryonic development in Ixodes spp.: I. calcaratus and I. scapularis
378(1)
19.2.4 Early embryonic development in Hyalomma dromedarii
378(1)
19.2.5 Early embryonic development in an argasid (soft) tick, Ornithodorus moubata
379(1)
19.2.6 Tick embryology conclusions
379(1)
19.3 Transformation Markers and Promoters
379(6)
19.3.1 Potential physical markers
379(1)
19.3.2 Promoters
380(1)
19.3.3 Endogenous tick promoters
380(2)
19.3.4 Non-endogenous promoters in ticks
382(2)
19.3.5 Future identification of tick promoters
384(1)
19.4 Tick Transgenesis Strategies
385(3)
19.4.1 Delivery of transgenic constructs
385(2)
19.4.2 Other potential methods for tick transgenics
387(1)
19.5 Conclusions
388(7)
20 Silkworm Transgenesis and its Applications
395(21)
Hideki Sezutsu
Toshiki Tamura
20.1 Introduction
395(1)
20.2 Genetic Engineering of Silkworms
395(4)
20.2.1 Construction of transgenic silkworms using transposons
395(3)
20.2.2 Genome editing and RNA interference
398(1)
20.3 Applications of Gene Engineering in Functional Analyses
399(1)
20.4 Production of Recombinant Proteins for Pharmaceutical Use
400(3)
20.5 Construction of Modified Silk and its Possible Use as a Biomaterial
403(2)
20.6 Utilization of Genetically Modified Silkworms in Sericulture
405(1)
20.7 Future Prospects
406(10)
21 Tephritid Fruit Fly Transgenesis and Applications
416(25)
Alfred M. Handler
Marc F. Schetelig
21.1 Introduction
416(1)
21.2 Transformation with the Minos Vector System
417(1)
21.2.1 Minos transformation of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata
417(1)
21.2.2 Minos transformation of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae
417(1)
21.3 Transformation with the piggyBac Vector System
418(5)
21.3.1 piggyBac transformation of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata
418(1)
21.3.2 piggyBac transformation of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis
419(1)
21.3.3 piggyBac transformation of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa
420(1)
21.3.4 piggyBac transformation of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens
421(1)
21.3.5 piggyBac transformation of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni
422(1)
21.3.6 piggyBac transformation of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae
422(1)
21.4 Transformation with the Hermes Vector System
423(1)
21.5 Transformation with the hopper Vector System
423(1)
21.6 Market Systems for Transformant Organismal and Tissue Detection in Tephritid Flies
424(3)
21.6.1 Transformant marking systems
424(2)
21.6.2 Spermatocyte-specific transgene marking
426(1)
21.6.3 Y-linked vector integrations for male-specific marking
426(1)
21.7 Post-integration Stabilization of Transposon Vectors in Tephritid Flies
427(1)
21.7.1 Vector stabilization by post-integration deletion of a single terminal sequence
427(1)
21.7.2 Vector stabilization by deletion of both terminal sequences
428(1)
21.8 Site-Specific Genomic Targeting in Tephritids
428(2)
21.8.1 Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange
429(1)
21.8.2 phiC31-mediated recombination
430(1)
21.9 Transgenic Strains for Improved Population Control of Tephritids
430(4)
21.9.1 Conditional lethality using a dominant temperature-sensitive mutation
431(1)
21.9.2 Conditional lethality using a tetracydine-suppressible (Tet-Off) lethal system
431(1)
21.9.3 The release of insects carrying a dominant lethal (RIDL) system
432(1)
21.9.4 Conditional embryonic lethality using a Tet-Off lethal system
432(2)
21.10 Gene-edited Strains for Improved Population Control of Tephritids
434(7)
22 Antiviral Effectors for Mosquito Transgenesis
441(18)
Alexander W.E. Franz
22.1 Introduction
441(2)
22.2 The Principle of Ae. aegypti Germline Transformation
443(1)
22.2.1 Promoters for tissue-specific effector gene expression in Ae. aegypti
443(1)
22.3 Synthetic Antiviral Effectors that Target and Degrade Viral RNA Genomes
444(5)
22.3.1 RNA interference - the siRNA pathway in mosquitoes
444(1)
22.3.2 Long arbovirus-derived dsRNAs as triggers for the antiviral siRNA pathway in Ae. aegypti
445(3)
22.3.3 Synthetic arbovirus-derived miRNA clusters that trigger antiviral RNAi in Ae. aegypti
448(1)
22.3 A Antiviral effectors based on ribozymes to degrade arboviral RNA genomes
449(4)
22.4 Single-chain Variable Fragments as Antiviral Effectors that Block Arboviral Proteins in Ae. aegypti
453(1)
22.5 Conclusions and Outlook
453(6)
23 Self-Limiting Insects for Pest Management
459(15)
Neil I. Morrison
23.1 Re-engineering the Sterile Insect Technique
459(1)
23.2 Sterile Insects and Genetic Control
460(1)
23.3 Engineered Traits
461(3)
23.3.1 An alternative to sterilization by irradiation
461(1)
23.3.2 Genetic sexing
462(1)
23.3.3 Combining genetic sexing and population suppression
463(1)
23.4 Integrated Pest Management
464(1)
23.5 Resistance Management
464(1)
23.6 Molecular Designs
465(1)
23.7 Choosing an Effector
465(1)
23.8 Choice of Switch
466(1)
23.9 Strain Performance
466(1)
23.10 Resistance
466(1)
23.11 Field Experience and Future Prospects
467(7)
PART 5 CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE RELEASE OF TRANSGENIC INSECTS
24 Public Acceptability and Stakeholder Engagement for Genetic Control Technologies
474(19)
Delphine Thizy
Lucy Carter
Isabelle Coche
Jason A. Delborne
Claudia Emerson
Ana Kormos
Aditi Mankad
Lea Pare Toe
Aaron Roberts
Yasha Rohwer
24.1 Introduction
474(1)
24.2 Why Envisage the Potential Release of Transgenic Insects?
475(2)
24.3 The Importance of Engagement in the Research Process
477(3)
24.3.1 From an instrumental engagement to a trustful dialogue
478(1)
24.3.2 Public perception and decision making
479(1)
24.4 What Ethical Considerations Affect Public Acceptability of Transgenic Insect Releases?
480(4)
24.4.1 Novel tech, novel ethics?
481(1)
24.4.2 The role of humans in nature and the concept of naturalness
481(2)
24.4.3 Social justice considerations
483(1)
24.5 Achieving an Informed Decision about the Release of Transgenic Insects
484(9)
24.5.1 Whose decision?
484(1)
24.5.2 Informed consent and community authorization for the experimental release of transgenic insects
485(1)
24.5.3 Where does community agreement fit in the decision-making process?
486(7)
25 Regulation of Transgenic Insects
493(25)
Camilla Beech
Nathan Rose
Brinda Dass
25.1 Introduction
493(2)
25.2 Governance and regulatory Frameworks
495(6)
25.2.1 Regulatory Frameworks
498(2)
25.2.2 Coordination of efforts for GM insect regulation
500(1)
25.3 Genetically Modified Insects - Current Progress
501(1)
25.4 Common Features of Regulatory Systems
501(3)
25.4.1 Information requirements
502(1)
25.4.2 Risk assessment
502(2)
25.5 Guidance Documents on Gene Drives
504(1)
25.6 Emerging Themes in Regulation of GM Insects
505(2)
25.7 Regulatory Gaps and Overlaps
507(3)
25.8 Conclusions
510(8)
26 Economics of Transgenic Insects for Field Release
518(15)
John D. Mumford
L. Roman Carrasco
26.1 Introduction
518(1)
26.2 Inundative Concept
519(4)
26.3 Inoculative Concept
523(5)
26.4 Funding Investment and Capturing Economic Benefits
528(1)
26.5 Capturing Public Health Benefits
529(1)
26.6 Conclusions
529(4)
27 The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the Regulation of Transboundary Movement of Living Modified Organisms
533(19)
Ricardo Pereira
27.1 Introduction
533(1)
27.2 Overview of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity
533(1)
27.3 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000/2003)
534(10)
27.3.1 The Advanced Informal Agreement procedure
536(1)
27.3.2 Risk assessment and public participation
537(2)
27.3.3 Liability and compliance
539(1)
27.3.4 The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
540(2)
27.3.5 The implementation of the Cartagena Protocol - the case of the European Union
542(2)
27.4 Conclusions
544(8)
28 Risk Analysis of Transgenic Insects
552(27)
Keith R. Hayes
M.M. Quinlan
28.1 Introduction
552(3)
28.1.1 Scope of this chapter
552(1)
28.1.2 Historic context for biosafety risk analysis and regulation
553(2)
28.2 Risk and the Risk Assessment Process
555(3)
28.3 Risk Analysis for Transgenic Insects
558(7)
28.3.1 Protection goals, values and problem formulation
560(1)
28.3.2 Characterization of the GM organism and receiving environment
561(1)
28.3.3 Risk calculation and characterization
562(2)
28.3.4 Risk management, communication, acceptability and monitoring
564(1)
28.4 Special Aspects of Risk for Gene Drive Modified Insects
565(1)
28.5 Interactions and Cumulative Risk
566(1)
28.6 Documentation of Risk Analysis
566(1)
28.7 Social and Political Aspects of Risk
567(2)
28.8 Conclusions
569(10)
Index 579
Mark Quentin Benedict (Edited By) Mark has a PhD in entomology with an emphasis on molecular biology and genetics from the University of Florida. He has been a developer of technology for developing transgenic insects, developed insectary methods for producing mosquitoes for release into the field, directed field studies underlying releases of transgenic insects and assisting developing country operations where transgenic insects will be used. He has worked at USDA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the International Atomic Energy Agency and the University of Perugia. He is currently a research biologist at the CDC and is based in Atlanta, GA USA. He has contributed book chapters and over 100 peer reviewed publications.

Maxwell J Scott (Edited By) Max has a PhD in molecular cell biology with an emphasis on the regulation of gene expression from Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. He has developed techniques for insect transgenesis, engineered male-only strains of agricultural pests such as the New World screwworm and spotted wing Drosophila, led the assembly and analysis of genomes from several species including screwworm, participated in the application for field testing of a transgenic male-only screwworm strain and developed self-limiting gene drive technologies that are applicable to a broad range of insect pests. Max has worked at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology in Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Emory University and was a lecturer in genetics for 16 years at Massey University in New Zealand. He is currently a Professor in the Entomology and Plant Pathology Department at North Carolina State University. He has contributed reviews, book chapters, a patent and peer reviewed publications.