| Preface |
|
ix | |
| Acknowledgements |
|
xi | |
| Author biography |
|
xii | |
| Abbreviations |
|
xiii | |
|
1 Historical overview and digital transmission technologies in cloud networking |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
1.1 Non-DSP based optical transmission technologies |
|
|
2 | (3) |
|
1.2 Signal processor DSP based optical transmission |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
1.3 Increasing transmission capacity over short distances |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
1.4 Digital optical transmission in evolving networking |
|
|
6 | (9) |
|
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
1.4.2 Transmission technologies for intra-and inter-DC cloud networking |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
1.4.3 DCs and cloud computing---a historical overview |
|
|
9 | (4) |
|
1.4.4 100 G, 400 G and beyond---transmission technologies for cloud networking |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
1.5 Photonic signal processing |
|
|
15 | (5) |
|
1.5.1 Motivations and backgrounds |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
1.5.2 Generic innovative models of photonic signal processors |
|
|
16 | (4) |
|
1.6 Modulation techniques for ultra-broadband |
|
|
20 | (9) |
|
1.6.1 Modulation formats and optical signal generation |
|
|
20 | (9) |
|
1.7 Opto-electronic reception and processing |
|
|
29 | (4) |
|
1.7.1 Incoherent optical receivers |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
1.7.2 DSP---coherent optical receivers |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
1.7.3 e-DSP electronic equalization |
|
|
30 | (3) |
|
1.8 Organization of the book |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
|
34 | |
|
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
2.1 The evolution of DCN and traditional telecoms networks |
|
|
1 | (6) |
|
2.1.1 Types of data center networks |
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
2.1.2 Performance of DCNs |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
2.1.3 Communication interconnection speed |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
2.2 Telecoms carriers and challenges from data center networking |
|
|
7 | (10) |
|
2.2.1 Evolution to 5G transport DC based networks |
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
2.2.2 Optical transport technology |
|
|
10 | (6) |
|
2.2.3 Basic rates, capacity and server clusters for intra-and inter-DC connections |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
2.3 Exabits s-1 integrated photonic interconnection technology for flexible data-centric optical networks |
|
|
17 | (11) |
|
2.3.1 Introductory remarks |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
2.3.2 Ebps optical network topologies |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
2.3.3 Basic optical switches |
|
|
21 | (6) |
|
2.3.4 Current technologies for optical switching and routing |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
|
29 | |
|
3 Access and data center networking transmission technologies |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
|
|
1 | (3) |
|
3.2 DSP-based coherent optical transmission systems |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
3.3 Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) |
|
|
5 | (15) |
|
3.3.1 112 G-800 Gbps QPSK coherent transmission systems |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
3.3.2 Modulation format 16QAM |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
3.3.4 Optical transmitter |
|
|
10 | (2) |
|
|
|
12 | (8) |
|
3.3.6 I--Q imbalance estimation |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
3.4 Optical pre-processing reception and transmitter |
|
|
20 | (9) |
|
|
|
26 | (2) |
|
3.4.2 Fractionally spaced equalization of CD and PMD |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
3.4.3 Electronic digital equalization |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
|
29 | (4) |
|
3.6 Terabits/second superchannel transmission systems |
|
|
33 | (8) |
|
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
3.6.2 Nyquist pulse and spectra |
|
|
33 | (2) |
|
3.6.3 Superchannel system requirements |
|
|
35 | (4) |
|
3.6.4 System structure: DSP-based coherent receiver |
|
|
39 | (2) |
|
3.7 Timing recovery in the Nyquist QAM channel |
|
|
41 | (2) |
|
3.8 128 Gbps 16QAM superchannel transmission |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
3.9 450 Gb s-1 32QAM Nyquist transmission systems |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
3.10 DSP-based heterodyne coherent reception systems |
|
|
45 | (4) |
|
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
|
50 | (8) |
|
3.12.1 Generating PAM4 signals |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
3.12.2 DSP-based PAM4 generation for low cost broadband channels |
|
|
51 | (2) |
|
|
|
53 | (5) |
|
3.13 Beyond 1.0 Tbps capacity using IM/DD systems |
|
|
58 | (7) |
|
3.13.1 Beyond 200+Gbps DMT transmission |
|
|
58 | (2) |
|
3.13.2 Experimental set-up |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
|
61 | (4) |
|
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
3.14 Higher order modulation in IM/DD systems |
|
|
65 | (4) |
|
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
3.16 Appendix 1: Principles of DSP-based coherent transmission |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
3.17 Appendix 2: Balanced detection in coherent receivers |
|
|
71 | (3) |
|
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
3.17.2 Optical mixing and polarization diversity |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
3.17.3 Differential amplification |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
3.17.4 Unmatched detector frequency responses |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
3.18 Intra-DC networking and access transmission |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
75 | |
|
4 Superchannel transmission by multi-carrier sources |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
4.2 Comb generation of multi-sub-carriers |
|
|
3 | (6) |
|
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
4.2.2 Synchronous optical modulator |
|
|
4 | (2) |
|
4.2.3 Implementation of the comb generator |
|
|
6 | (3) |
|
4.3 Dual band frequency shifting re-circulating comb generator |
|
|
9 | (3) |
|
4.4 The comb generator in a multi-Tbps optical transmission system |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
4.5 Packing modulated comb channels in the frequency domain using Nyquist shaping |
|
|
13 | (4) |
|
4.5.1 Analytical representation for pulse shaping |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
|
|
15 | (2) |
|
4.6 Pulse shaping using ultra-high sampling rate DAC |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
4.7 Transmission of superchannels formed by modulated MCL |
|
|
19 | (4) |
|
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
4.9 Multi Tera-bits s-1 optical access transport technology |
|
|
24 | (6) |
|
4.9.1 Introductory remarks |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
4.9.2 100 G access systems |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
4.9.3 Tbps access transmission and routing technology |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
4.9.4 Multi-carrier comb source direct detection systems |
|
|
27 | (3) |
|
4.10 Tbps coherent reception systems |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
4.11 Optical interconnect for multiple Tbps access networks |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
4.13 Low cost 1.6 Tbps using un-cooled comb sources |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
4.13.1 DSP-assisted Tbps low cost comb source system |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
4.13.2 A simple generation of comb lines via cascade modulators |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
4.13.3 Optical injection and comb generation |
|
|
36 | (4) |
|
4.13.4 Concluding remarks |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
|
41 | |
|
5 Photonic signal processors |
|
|
1 | |
|
5.1 Optical transformed channels and transmission: spectral domain processing |
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
5.1.1 Optical Fourier transform (OFT) based structure |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
5.1.2 Optical Fourier processor OFT based structure |
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
5.2 5G optical transport networking: from photonic devices to processors |
|
|
5 | (12) |
|
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
5.2.2 5G infrastructure evolution |
|
|
5 | (3) |
|
5.2.3 Optical transport networking evolution for 5G delivery |
|
|
8 | (9) |
|
5.3 Photonic signal processors |
|
|
17 | |
|
5.3.1 Generic deep neural network learning photonic signal processor (DNNLPSP) |
|
|
17 | (3) |
|
5.3.2 PSP operating principles |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
5.3.3 ONN operating principles |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
|
|
23 | |
