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On-Treatment Verification Imaging: A Study Guide for IGRT [Kõva köide]

(University of Liverpool Johnston Building The Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3GB UK),
  • Formaat: Hardback, 266 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 671 g, 12 Tables, black and white; 18 Line drawings, black and white; 34 Halftones, black and white; 52 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Series in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-May-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138499919
  • ISBN-13: 9781138499911
Teised raamatud teemal:
On-Treatment Verification Imaging: A Study Guide for IGRTSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 266 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 671 g, 12 Tables, black and white; 18 Line drawings, black and white; 34 Halftones, black and white; 52 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Series in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-May-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138499919
  • ISBN-13: 9781138499911
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781138499911.html
Märksõnad:

On-treatment verification imaging has developed rapidly in recent years and is now at the heart of image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and all aspects of radiotherapy planning and treatment delivery.

This is the first book dedicated to just this important topic, which is written in an accessible manner for undergraduate and graduate therapeutic radiography (radiation therapist) students and trainee medical physicists and clinicians. The later sections of the book will also help established medical physicists, therapeutic radiographers, and radiation therapists familiarise themselves with developing and cutting-edge techniques in IGRT.

Features:

  • Clinically focused and internationally applicable; covering a wide range of topics related to on-treatment verification imaging for the study of IGRT
  • Accompanied by a library of electronic teaching and assessment resources for further learning and understanding
  • Authored by experts in the field with over 18 years’ experience of pioneering the original forms of on-treatment verification imaging in radiotherapy (electronic portal imaging) in clinical practice, as well as substantial experience of teaching the techniques to trainees

Arvustused

On-treatment verification imaging has developed rapidly in recent years and is now at the heart of image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and all aspects of radiotherapy planning and treatment delivery. This is the first book dedicated to just this important topic, which is written in an accessible manner for undergraduate and graduate therapeutic radiography (radiation therapist) students and trainee medical physicists and clinicians. The later sections of the book will also help established medical physicists, therapeutic radiographers, and radiation therapists familiarise themselves with developing and cutting-edge techniques in IGRT. This book's aim is to teach the principles and the practice of IGRT. Both authors, Mike Kirby and Kerrie-Anne Calder, have extensive experience in clinical and academic radiotherapy. Their passion for educating and training multidisciplinary teams of radiotherapy professionals is evident throughout the text. Although it is written with a U.K. perspective, the authors, with the help of an ample list of references, provide a good overview of IGRT as it is practiced globally. The book is written by keeping in mind the needs of radiation therapists who are working in radiation oncology departments. It could also serve as an introductory IGRT text for medical physicists and allied clinical staff, such as physicists in training and medical residents and clinicians. Parts of the book are devoted to IGRT quality assurance (QA) and commissioning, incident reporting, and staff training, which should appeal to all medical physicists working in radiotherapy.

This well-written book could serve as a template for an IGRT training course and would be a nice teaching tool for radiation therapists and junior physicists. It provides a comprehensive review of a range of topics pertaining to the clinical implementation of IGRT, including imaging techniques, image tools and protocols, treatment errors, and correction strategies. Interested readers should benefit from reading important sections on staff training, incident reporting, and IGRT commissioning and QA. In summary, the book is a welcome addition to the IGRT literature aimed at safe and effective delivery of radiotherapy.

Anil Sethi, PhD, FAAPM (Loyola University Chicago) in Doodys Core Titles Review 2022.

Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Section I The Basic Foundations in Clinical Practice 1(60)
Chapter 1 The Concepts and Consequences of Set-up Errors
3(8)
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Definition Of "Set-Up Error" And How These Errors Are Classified
3(3)
1.2.1 Systematic and Random Errors
5(1)
1.2.2 Gross Errors
5(1)
1.3 Consequences Of Each Type Of Error And The Impact On Treatment Delivered
6(2)
1.4 Correction Of Set-Up Errors
8(3)
Chapter 2 The Foundations of Equipment Used for Radiotherapy Verification
11(14)
2.1 Introduction
11(1)
2.2 Immobilisation Equipment
11(4)
2.2.1 Indexing
15(1)
2.3 Introduction To Imaging Science
15(1)
2.4 Pretreatment Imaging
16(4)
2.4.1 CT
16(2)
2.4.1.1 Considerations When Using CT
16(2)
2.4.2 MRI
18(1)
2.4.3 PET, PET/CT
19(1)
2.4.4 Simulator
19(1)
2.4.5 Reference Images
19(1)
2.5 Treatment Delivery And On-Treatment Verification Imaging
20(5)
2.5.1 MV
20(1)
2.5.2 kV
21(1)
2.5.3 CBCT
22(1)
2.5.4 In-room CT
23(1)
2.5.5 MR Linac
24(1)
Chapter 3 Concepts of On-treatment Verification
25(8)
3.1 Introduction
25(1)
3.2 How To Image
25(4)
3.2.1 Reference Images
25(1)
3.2.2 Types of Reference Images
26(1)
3.2.2.1 Simulator Image
26(1)
3.2.2.2 DRR-Digitally Reconstructed Radiograph
26(1)
3.2.2.3 DCR-Digital Composite Radiograph
27(1)
3.2.2.4 CT Data Set
27(1)
3.2.3 Verification Technique
27(3)
3.2.3.1 MV Imaging
28(1)
3.2.3.2 kV Imaging
28(1)
3.2.3.3 Cone Beam CT Scans (CBCT)
28(1)
3.3 When To Image
29(1)
3.4 Method Of Image Matching
30(1)
3.4.1 Bony Match
30(1)
3.4.2 Fiducial Marker Match
31(1)
3.4.3 Soft Tissue Match
31(1)
3.5 When To Check The Image
31(2)
3.5.1 On-line Review
31(1)
3.5.2 Off-line Review
32(1)
3.5.3 Review Method
32(1)
Chapter 4 Clinical Protocols and Imaging Training
33(10)
4.1 Introduction
33(1)
4.2 Imaging Protocols
34(1)
4.3 Training
35(8)
4.3.1 Who to Train?
35(1)
4.3.2 When to Train?
36(1)
4.3.3 How to Train?
37(2)
4.3.4 Does Training Need to Be Repeated?
39(1)
4.3.5 Student Image Training
40(3)
Chapter 5 Concomitant Exposures and Legal Frameworks
43(6)
5.1 Introduction
43(1)
5.2 Concomitant Dose-definitions
43(4)
5.3 Legal Frameworks
47(1)
5.4 Incorporation Into Practical Use
48(1)
Chapter 6 Foundational Principles of Protocols, Tolerances, Action Levels and Corrective Strategies
49(12)
6.1 Introduction
49(1)
6.2 Tolerances
49(3)
6.3 Margins
52(2)
6.4 Corrective Strategies
54(3)
6.4.1 NAL Correction Strategy
54(1)
6.4.2 eNAL Correction Strategy
55(1)
6.4.3 Absolute Correction and Adaptive Radiotherapy (ART)
56(1)
6.5 Action Levels
57(4)
Section II Technology and Techniques in Clinical Practice 61(68)
Chapter 7 Imaging Science, Imaging Equipment (Pretreatment and On-treatment)
63(40)
7.1 Introduction
63(1)
7.2 Imaging Science Concepts
63(4)
7.2.1 Spatial Resolution
64(1)
7.2.2 Contrast
65(1)
7.2.3 Noise
66(1)
7.2.4 Signal-to-Noise (SNR) Ratio
66(1)
7.3 Characteristics Of Note For X-Ray Imaging
67(5)
7.3.1 X-ray Attenuation
67(1)
7.3.2 Scatter
68(1)
7.3.3 2-D Projection Images
68(1)
7.3.4 Subject Contrast and X-ray Energy
69(2)
7.3.5 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
71(1)
7.3.6 Spatial Resolution
72(1)
7.3.7 Detective Quantum Efficiency
72(1)
7.4 Pretreatment Imaging Equipment
72(7)
7.4.1 Radioisotope Imaging
73(1)
7.4.2 Positron Emission Tomography
73(1)
7.4.3 Computed Tomography-3-D
74(1)
7.4.4 Computed Tomography-4-D
75(2)
7.4.5 PET-CT Imaging
77(1)
7.4.6 Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging
78(1)
7.5 On-Treatment Imaging On Traditional C-Arm Linacs
79(16)
7.5.1 Why the Need for On-treatment Verification Imaging?
79(1)
7.5.2 Evolution of On-treatment Imaging
80(3)
7.5.3 Initial Challenges
83(1)
7.5.4 The Active Matrix Flat-Panel Imager (AMFPI)
83(2)
7.5.5 Current Methods With MV and kV X-rays-2-D Imaging
85(6)
7.5.5.1 Surrogates
85(1)
7.5.5.2 Surrogates-Skin Markers (Alone) and Bony Anatomy
85(2)
7.5.5.3 Surrogates-Implanted Fiducial Markers
87(1)
7.5.5.4 Image Reference Points-Measuring Set-Up Error
87(2)
7.5.5.5 2-D Planar Imaging-Bony Anatomy
89(1)
7.5.5.6 2-D Planar Imaging-Fiducials
90(1)
7.5.5.7 2-D Planar Imaging-Other Technological Points
90(1)
7.5.6 Current Methods With MV and kV X-Rays-3-D Imaging
91(4)
7.5.6.1 Evolution of 3-D Imaging Dedicated for C-arm Linacs
91(1)
7.5.6.2 MV-Based CBCT
91(3)
7.5.6.3 kV-Based CBCT
94(1)
7.5.6.4 kV-Based CBCT Experience, Advantages, and Disadvantages
94(1)
7.6 On-Treatment Imaging Using In-Room X-Ray Technology On C-Arm Linacs
95(2)
7.6.1 In-room kV Imaging Technologies
95(1)
7.6.2 CT On Rails
96(1)
7.6.3 2-D kV Stereoscopic In-room Imaging
96(1)
7.7 On-Treatment Imaging Using Nonionising Radiation Technology Around Traditional C-Arm Linacs
97(6)
7.7.1 Rationale
97(1)
7.7.2 Technologies and Equipment
98(5)
7.7.2.1 Ultrasound
98(2)
7.7.2.2 Surface Methods
100(1)
7.7.2.3 Implanted Transponders
101(2)
Chapter 8 Clinical Practice Principles
103(18)
8.1 Introduction
103(1)
8.2 Pretreatment Imaging Equipment
103(5)
8.2.1 Radioisotope Imaging
103(1)
8.2.2 PET Imaging and PET/CT
103(1)
8.2.3 Computed Tomography (CT)-3-D
104(1)
8.2.4 Computed Tomography (CT)-4-D
105(2)
8.2.5 MR Imaging
107(1)
8.3 On-Treatment Imaging On Traditional C-Arm Linacs
108(4)
8.3.1 2-D MV Imaging
108(2)
8.3.2 2-D kV Images
110(1)
8.3.3 Cone-Beam CT (CBCT)
110(2)
8.4 Case Examples
112(1)
8.5 On-Treatment Imaging Using In-Room X-Ray Technology Around Traditional C-Arm Linacs
113(2)
8.5.1 "CT-On-rails"
113(1)
8.5.2 Stereoscopic In-room Imaging
113(2)
8.6 On-Treatment Imaging Using Nonionising Radiation Technology Around Traditional C-Arm Linacs
115(6)
8.6.1 Ultrasound
115(1)
8.6.2 Case Examples
115(2)
8.6.2.1 Prostate Verification
115(1)
8.6.2.2 Breast Localisation
116(1)
8.6.2.3 Limitations of Ultrasound in Radiotherapy
116(1)
8.6.3 Surface Tracking
117(1)
8.6.4 Case Examples
118(1)
8.6.4.1 SRS
118(1)
8.6.4.2 Limitations of Surface Tracking
118(1)
8.6.5 Implanted Transponders
118(3)
Chapter 9 Quality Systems and Quality Assurance
121(8)
9.1 Introduction
121(1)
9.2 Definitions-quality Management Systems (QMSs)
121(4)
9.3 Definitions-quality Assurance (QA)
125(1)
9.4 Definitions-qa And QMS Practicalities For On-Treatment Verification Imaging
126(3)
Section III Advanced Issues, Techniques, and Practices 129(74)
Chapter 10 Alternative Technologies
131(46)
10.1 Tomotherapy
131(6)
10.1.1 Introduction
131(1)
10.1.2 System Overview
131(2)
10.1.3 On-treatment Verification Imaging
133(3)
10.1.4 Some Clinical Perspectives
136(1)
10.2 Cyberknife
137(5)
10.2.1 The Cyberknife System
137(2)
10.2.2 On-treatment Verification Imaging Systems
139(1)
10.2.3 On-treatment Imaging Capabilities
140(2)
10.3 Gamma Knife
142(3)
10.3.1 The Gamma knife System-Introduction
142(1)
10.3.2 On-treatment Verification-First Automation
143(1)
10.3.3 The Gamma Knife Perfexion (GKP) System-Further Automated Verification
143(1)
10.3.4 On-treatment Imaging-Development of CBCT
144(1)
10.4 Halcyon
145(5)
10.4.1 The Halcyon System-Introduction
145(2)
10.4.2 First Version Imaging Options and Capability
147(2)
10.4.3 Continuing Developments
149(1)
10.5 Vero
150(3)
10.5.1 The Vero 4DRT System-Introduction
150(1)
10.5.2 Imaging Options and Capability; Initial Results
151(2)
10.6 Proton-Beam Therapy
153(8)
10.6.1 Introduction
153(1)
10.6.2 Technology Changes
153(1)
10.6.3 Clinical Utility
154(1)
10.6.4 Clinical Challenges
155(2)
10.6.5 On-treatment Imaging
157(4)
10.7 MR On-Treatment Imaging
161(4)
10.7.1 Introduction
161(1)
10.7.2 On-treatment MR Guidance
161(3)
10.7.3 Pretreatment MR and MR-Only Workflows
164(1)
10.8 PET-MR
165(3)
10.8.1 Introduction
165(1)
10.8.2 Initial Investigations and Challenges
165(2)
10.8.3 Clinical Utility
167(1)
10.8.4 Imaging Capability
167(1)
10.9 Emission-Guided/Biology-Guided Radiotherapy (EGRT/BGRT)
168(2)
10.9.1 Introduction
168(1)
10.9.2 Initial Design and Clinical Utility
168(2)
10.10 Adaptive Radiotherapy
170(7)
10.10.1 Introduction
170(1)
10.10.2 Adaptive Radiotherapy Performed Off-line
171(1)
10.10.3 Adaptive Radiotherapy Performed On-line
171(1)
10.10.4 Experience With Different On-treatment Imaging Technologies
172(1)
10.10.5 Adaptive Radiotherapy in Clinical Use
173(4)
Chapter 11 Incident Reporting
177(8)
11.1 Introduction
177(1)
11.2 Rationale
177(1)
11.3 UK Experiences
178(2)
11.4 UK Legislation And Guidance
180(2)
11.5 International Perspectives
182(3)
Chapter 12 Protocol Development and Training
185(8)
12.1 Protocols-The Rationale
185(1)
12.2 Developing Protocols For On-Treatment Verification Imaging
186(3)
12.3 Training-The Rationale
189(4)
Chapter 13 Commissioning of New On-treatment Imaging and Techniques: Integration Into the Oncology Management System
193(10)
13.1 Introduction
193(1)
13.2 Commissioning
193(4)
13.3 Integration Into The Oncology Management System
197(6)
References 203(36)
Index 239
Mike Kirby and Kerrie-Anne Calder are well-respected authors and radiotherapy professionals, who have worked in radiotherapy physics/radiotherapy clinical and academic practice for nearly 30 years and 20 years respectively.

Mike Kirby is a Lecturer in Radiotherapy Physics at the University of Liverpool, UK, and an Honorary Lecturer at the University of Manchester, UK. He holds graduate and postgraduate qualifications in medical physics and has in total over 150 books, papers, oral and poster presentations to his name in the field of radiotherapy. Dr. Kirby holds professional membership of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine, the American Society for Radiation Oncology, the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology and the British Institute of Radiology and is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy in the UK.

Kerrie-Anne Calder is of the University of Liverpool, UK, where she educates undergraduate and post graduate students in many aspects of radiotherapy with a special interest and role in imaging training. -Kerrie-Anne has graduate and postgraduate qualifications in both radiotherapy and education, is a member of the Society and College of Radiographers, and is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy in the UK. She was a clinical and professional lead in on-treatment radiotherapy verification at Clatterbridge Cancer Centre (Wirral, UK) for over ten years.