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Troubleshooting Rubber Problems [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 297 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 248x173x25 mm, kaal: 745 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Jan-2014
  • Kirjastus: Hanser Publications
  • ISBN-10: 1569905533
  • ISBN-13: 9781569905531
Teised raamatud teemal:
Troubleshooting Rubber ProblemsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 297 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 248x173x25 mm, kaal: 745 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Jan-2014
  • Kirjastus: Hanser Publications
  • ISBN-10: 1569905533
  • ISBN-13: 9781569905531
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781569905531.html
Märksõnad:
Many challenges confront the rubber technologist in the development, manufacture, and use of rubber products. These challenges include selecting and combining materials to form rubber compounds suitable for processing, successfully operating a range of manufacturing equipment, and meeting product performance in difficult and diverse environments. Case studies and literature references relate problem solutions to the everyday experience of the rubber technologist. From materials to processes to products, this book identifies many different rubber-related problems and suggests approaches to solve them.
Preface v
1 TSE and TPE Materials, Compounds, Processes, and Products 1(6)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Troubleshooting Difficulties
1(1)
1.3 Aids to Troubleshooting
2(1)
1.4 Materials, Process, and Design Factors
3(1)
1.5 Book Organization
4(1)
1.6 Nature of Rubber
4(1)
1.7 Training
5(1)
1.8 Disclaimer
6(1)
2 TSE Materials and Compounds 7(48)
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.2 Cost Reduction
7(2)
2.2.1 Compounds and Compounders
8(1)
2.2.2 High-Viscosity Elastomers and Compounds
9(1)
2.3 Elastomer Type
9(6)
2.3.1 CR (Neoprene)
10(1)
2.3.2 CSM (Chloro-Sulfonyl-Polyethylene)
11(1)
2.3.3 IIR (Isobutene-Isoprene)
11(1)
2.3.4 EPDM (Terpolymer of Ethylene, Propylene, and a Diene)
11(1)
2.3.5 SBR (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber)
12(1)
2.3.6 FKM (Fluoro Rubber of the Polymethylene Type)
13(1)
2.3.7 Polyisoprene (NR and IR)
14(1)
2.4 Crystallization
15(1)
2.5 Crosslinking Factors
16(1)
2.6 Silicone Rubber
17(5)
2.6.1 NBR (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber)
20(1)
2.6.2 HNBR (Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber)
20(1)
2.6.3 CM (Chloro-Polyethylene)
21(1)
2.6.4 CSM (Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene)
22(1)
2.6.5 AEM (Ethylene Acrylic)
22(1)
2.7 Elastomer Blends
22(1)
2.8 Crosslinking Systems
23(2)
2.9 Dispersion
25(1)
2.10 Crosslinking System Effects
25(2)
2.11 Retarders
27(1)
2.12 Fillers
27(2)
2.13 Process Aids
29(1)
2.14 Plasticizers and Oils
30(1)
2.15 Antidegradants
31(3)
2.15.1 Discoloration and Staining
32(2)
2.16 Bloom
34(2)
2.17 Flame Retarders
36(1)
2.18 Compound Properties
36(1)
2.19 Testing
37(4)
2.20 Taste
41(1)
2.21 Low-Viscosity Elastomers
41(2)
2.22 Silicone Rubber Viscosity
43(2)
2.22.1 LSR Molding Factors
44(1)
2.23 Coatings
45(1)
2.24 Plastisols
46(9)
3 TSE Processes and Equipment 55(94)
3.1 Adhesion
55(3)
3.1.1 Substrates
55(1)
3.1.2 Substrate Surface Treatments
56(2)
3.2 Effect of Ingredients
58(6)
3.2.1 Substrate Considerations
59(1)
3.2.2 Adhesive Type
60(4)
3.3 Testing
64(3)
3.4 Processing
67(1)
3.5 Mixing
68(3)
3.5.1 Mixer Type
70(1)
3.6 Mills
71(1)
3.7 Dispersion
72(1)
3.8 Contamination
73(1)
3.9 Extrusion
73(7)
3.9.1 Extrusion of Specific Types of Rubber
76(1)
3.9.1.1 Elastomeric Alloy (EA)
76(1)
3.9.1.2 EPDM
76(1)
3.9.1.3 Silicone Rubber
76(1)
3.9.2 Extrusion Factors
77(3)
3.9.2.1 Output Rate
77(1)
3.9.2.2 Die Swell
77(1)
3.9.2.3 Die Entrance
78(1)
3.9.2.4 Extrudate Appearance
79(1)
3.10 Equipment
80(1)
3.10.1 Hot-Feed
80(1)
3.10.2 Cold-Feed
80(1)
3.11 Ram Extruder
81(1)
3.12 Multicut Transfermix
81(1)
3.13 Crosshead Extruder
81(1)
3.14 Continuous Extrusion
82(1)
3.15 Extruder Design
82(1)
3.15.1 Vacuum Extruder
82(1)
3.15.2 Cavity-Transfer Mixer (CTM)
82(1)
3.15.3 Pin-Barrel Extruder
83(1)
3.15.4 Roller-Head Extruder
83(1)
3.16 Die Design
83(3)
3.17 Feed Compound
86(1)
3.18 Gear Pumps
86(1)
3.19 Molding
87(9)
3.19.1 Molding Methods
89(1)
3.19.1.1 Compression Molding
89(1)
3.19.2 Curing Presses
90(2)
3.19.2.1 Four-Post Presses
90(2)
3.19.3 Mold Size
92(1)
3.19.4 Air Trapping
92(1)
3.19.5 Flash
93(2)
3.19.6 Scorch Effects
95(1)
3.19.7 Shrinkage
95(1)
3.20 Potential Mold Damage
96(1)
3.21 Thermal Considerations
97(1)
3.22 Microwave Heating
97(1)
3.23 Backrinding
98(1)
3.24 Mold Construction
98(1)
3.25 Insulation
99(1)
3.26 Mold Platens
99(1)
3.27 Mold Heating
100(2)
3.28 Injection-Compression
102(1)
3.29 Transfer Molding
102(8)
3.29.1 Cavity Filling
102(1)
3.29.2 Adhesion
103(1)
3.29.3 Dimensional Factors
104(1)
3.29.4 Shrinkage
104(1)
3.29.5 Compound Flow
105(1)
3.29.6 Cold Transfer Molding
105(1)
3.29.7 Sprues
106(1)
3.29.8 Injection Transfer
106(1)
3.29.9 Transfer Mold Design
107(1)
3.29.10 Parting Line
108(1)
3.29.11 Plunger
109(1)
3.29.12 Sprues
109(1)
3.30 Injection Molding
110(5)
3.30.1 Injection-Molding Problems
111(2)
3.30.2 Injection-Molding Machines
113(2)
3.31 Molds
115(7)
3.31.1 Mold Materials
116(1)
3.31.2 Mold Handling
117(1)
3.31.3 Cavity Finish
117(1)
3.31.4 Mold Heating
117(2)
3.31.4.1 Heating Methods
118(1)
3.31.5 Gates
119(1)
3.31.6 Leader Pins
119(1)
3.31.6.1 Core Pins and Bushings
120(1)
3.31.7 Lands
120(2)
3.32 Overflows
122(2)
3.32.1 Overflow Design
123(1)
3.33 Holes
124(1)
3.34 Runners
125(1)
3.34.1 Hot Runner
125(1)
3.34.2 Cold Runner
126(1)
3.35 Mold Design
126(2)
3.36 Gates and Venting
128(1)
3.37 Cost Factors
129(1)
3.38 Fouling and Cleaning
129(4)
3.38.1 Mold Fouling Factors
130(1)
3.38.2 Mold Cleaning Methods
131(1)
3.38.3 Fouling Sites
131(1)
3.38.4 Causes of Fouling
131(1)
3.38.5 Mold Cleaning
132(1)
3.39 Calendering
133(2)
3.39.1 Calendering Equipment
133(1)
3.39.2 Feed Material
134(1)
3.39.3 Calendering Factors
134(1)
3.39.4 Blisters
135(1)
3.39.5 Tack
135(1)
3.40 Laser Engraving
135(14)
4 TSE Products 149(84)
4.1 Product Considerations
149(2)
4.2 Effect of Aging
151(1)
4.3 Composites
151(1)
4.4 Belts
151(2)
4.5 Rubber Lining
153(1)
4.6 Balloons
153(1)
4.7 O-Rings
153(1)
4.8 Rubber Mirror
154(1)
4.9 Cow-Related Applications
154(1)
4.10 Regenerative Brake Systems
155(1)
4.11 Rubber-Covered Horseshoes
155(1)
4.12 Rubber Bullets
155(1)
4.13 Bungees
155(1)
4.14 Rubber Band Ligation
156(1)
4.15 Rubber Bands
156(1)
4.16 Floor Mats
156(1)
4.17 Mounts
156(3)
4.18 Stress Concentration
159(2)
4.19 Roofing
161(1)
4.20 Finite Element Analysis
162(1)
4.21 Air Springs
162(1)
4.22 Keyboard Springs
163(1)
4.23 Gloves
163(1)
4.24 Inflatable Dam
164(1)
4.25 Inflatable Traffic Hump
164(1)
4.26 Tennis Balls
164(1)
4.27 Tires
164(18)
4.27.1 Tire Manufacturing Systems
166(1)
4.27.2 Modular Integrated Robotized System
166(1)
4.27.3 Bridgestone Innovative and Rational Development
167(1)
4.27.4 Modular Tire Manufacturing
167(1)
4.27.5 Advanced Tire Operation Module
167(1)
4.27.6 Automated Production Unit System
167(1)
4.27.7 Integrated Manufacturing Precision Assembled Cellular Technology
167(3)
4.27.8 Components
170(6)
4.27.9 Tire Molds
176(2)
4.27.10 Venting Tire Molds
178(1)
4.27.11 Run-Flat Tires
179(1)
4.27.12 Semi-pneumatic Tires
180(1)
4.27.13 Tire Aging and Safety
181(1)
4.27.14 Tire Recycling
182(1)
4.28 Nontire Products
182(3)
4.28.1 General Design Considerations
182(3)
4.29 Bridge Bearings
185(1)
4.30 Earthquake Mounts
186(1)
4.31 Expansion Joints
187(1)
4.32 Seals
187(4)
4.32.1 Automobile Sunroof Seals
188(1)
4.32.2 Radial Lip Seals
188(1)
4.32.3 O-Ring Seals
189(1)
4.32.4 Gaskets
189(1)
4.32.5 Wine Bottle Corks
190(1)
4.32.6 Casket Seals
190(1)
4.32.7 Aircraft Runway Seals
190(1)
4.32.8 TPU Seals
190(1)
4.33 Inner Tubes
191(1)
4.34 Windshield Wiper Blades
191(1)
4.35 Friction Drive
192(1)
4.36 Baby Bottle Nipples
192(1)
4.37 Belts
193(3)
4.37.1 Serpentine Belts
194(1)
4.37.2 Aircraft Recorder Belts
194(1)
4.37.3 O-Ring Belts
194(1)
4.37.4 Conveyor Belts
194(1)
4.37.5 Timing Belts
195(1)
4.38 Mountings, Bearings, and Bushings
196(4)
4.38.1 Engine Mounts
198(2)
4.39 Hose and Tubing
200(9)
4.39.1 Self-Sealing Fuel Cells
202(1)
4.39.2 Radiator Hose
202(2)
4.39.3 Fuel Hose
204(1)
4.39.4 Turbocharger Hose
204(1)
4.39.5 Refrigerant Hose
205(1)
4.39.6 Heating Hose
205(1)
4.39.7 Brake Hose
206(1)
4.39.8 Power-Steering Hose
206(1)
4.39.9 Hose Design
207(1)
4.39.10 Hose Manufacture
207(1)
4.39.11 Hose Failure
208(1)
4.39.12 Hose Abrasion
208(1)
4.39.13 Medical Hose
208(1)
4.39.14 Hose Identification Technology
209(1)
4.40 Expansion Joints
209(1)
4.41 Color
209(1)
4.42 Rubber-Covered Rolls
210(2)
4.43 Wire and Cable Coating
212(1)
4.44 Cellular Rubber
212(1)
4.45 Hard Rubber
213(1)
4.46 Rocket Insulation
213(1)
4.47 O-Rings
214(1)
4.48 Earplugs
214(1)
4.49 Testing
215(1)
4.50 Dip Molding
215(18)
4.50.1 Latex
215(2)
4.50.2 Plastisol
217(1)
4.50.3 Materials
217(1)
4.50.4 Processing
217(1)
4.50.5 Design, Products, and Applications
218(15)
5 TPE Materials and Compounds 233(10)
5.1 Introduction
233(1)
5.2 TPE Types
234(2)
5.2.1 TPV (Thermoplastic Vulcanizate)
234(1)
5.2.2 SBC (Styrenic Block Copolymer)
234(1)
5.2.3 SEBS (Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene)
234(1)
5.2.4 TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane)
235(1)
5.2.5 TPO (Thermoplastic Polyolefins)
235(1)
5.2.6 COP (Copolyester)
236(1)
5.3 Drying
236(1)
5.4 Cost
237(1)
5.5 Service Temperature
237(1)
5.6 Color
237(6)
5.6.1 Painting
239(4)
6 TPE Processes and Equipment 243(28)
6.1 Injection Molding
243(17)
6.1.1 Injection Molding Machines
244(4)
6.1.1.1 Specialized Machines and Techniques
247(1)
6.1.2 Machine Operation
248(1)
6.1.3 Drying
249(1)
6.1.4 Barrel and Screw
249(2)
6.1.5 Injection Rate
251(1)
6.1.6 Injection Pressure and Mold Packing
251(1)
6.1.7 Clamp Pressure
252(1)
6.1.8 Nonreturn Valve
252(1)
6.1.9 Mold Temperature and Cooling Time
253(1)
6.1.10 Heat Transfer
254(1)
6.1.11 Mold Fouling
255(1)
6.1.12 Regrind
255(1)
6.1.13 Injection Molds
255(2)
6.1.13.1 Mold Material
255(1)
6.1.13.2 Mold Surface Treatments
256(1)
6.1.13.3 Mold Maintenance
256(1)
6.1.14 Mold Design
257(3)
6.2 Blow Molding
260(3)
6.3 Extrusion
263(8)
6.3.1 Extrusion Equipment
264(2)
6.3.2 General Design Guidelines for Extrusion
266(5)
7 TPE Products 271(8)
7.1 Athletic Products
272(1)
7.2 Hood Stops
272(1)
7.3 Food Trays
272(1)
7.4 Rollers
273(1)
7.5 Seals
273(1)
7.5.1 Seal Design
273(1)
7.6 Hose
274(1)
7.7 Prosthetics
274(1)
7.8 CVJ Boots
274(1)
7.9 Fish Lures
275(1)
7.10 Design
275(1)
7.11 Appearance
275(1)
7.12 Conductive SEES
276(1)
7.13 Safety
276(3)
Appendix I Abbreviations 279(4)
Appendix II Definitions 283(2)
Index 285
John Sommer has a lifetime of experience in research and development in the rubber industry. He has worked for several rubber companies, most notably in the research division of Gencorp in Akron, OH, where he was employed for 28 years. He has subsequently taught rubber-related seminars at several universities and at the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society.