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Understanding Your Users: A Practical Guide to User Research Methods 2nd edition [Pehme köide]

(Associate Professor, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA), (VP, Ads & Commerce User Experience, Google), (Architect, Ethical AI Practice, Salesforce, CA)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 568 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x191 mm, kaal: 1160 g
  • Sari: Interactive Technologies
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Aug-2015
  • Kirjastus: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers In
  • ISBN-10: 0128002328
  • ISBN-13: 9780128002322
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 568 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x191 mm, kaal: 1160 g
  • Sari: Interactive Technologies
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Aug-2015
  • Kirjastus: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers In
  • ISBN-10: 0128002328
  • ISBN-13: 9780128002322
Teised raamatud teemal:

This new and completely updated edition is an easy to implement, hands-on resource for usability in the real world. You’ll learn about the user requirements gathering stage of product development and find a variety of techniques. For each technique, you’ll understand how to prepare for and conduct the activity, as well as analyze and present the data - all in a practical and hands-on way.

Each method presented provides different information about the users and their requirements (e.g., functional requirements, information architecture, task flows). The techniques can be used together to form a complete picture of the users' requirements or they can be used separately to address specific product questions. These techniques have helped product teams understand the value of user requirements gathering by providing insight into how users work and what they need to be successful at their tasks. You’ll find case studies from industry-leading companies to demonstrate each method in action.

After reading this book, you’ll be able to conduct any usability activity (e.g., getting buy-in from management, legal and ethical considerations, setting up your facilities, recruiting, and moderating activities) and be able to apply them to your own products.

  • Completely new and revised edition includes 30+% new content!
  • Discover the foundation you need to prepare for any research gathering activity and ensure that the results are incorporated into your products
  • Includes updated case studies for each method from industry leaders
  • Find invaluable worksheet and template appendices that are also available online for downloading, customizing, and printing

Arvustused

"The first edition became my go-to book for mastering user requirements gathering. Ten years later, this second edition is even better. Dont leave your office without it!" --Joe Dumas, Editor in Chief, Journal of Usability Studies

"Do you believe in driving while blindfolded?  That's what you're doing if you design and market a technological product without studying your target users and tasks.  This book is a comprehensive handbook on the "why" and "how" of user research, illustrated with vivid real-world examples.  Don't drive your design project while blindfolded.  Get this book, read it, and follow its prescriptions.  It will repay its cost many times over." --Jeff Johnson, author of GUI Bloopers 2.0 and Designing with the Mind in Mind

"Very authoritative, this work combines the experience of senior practitioners and an academic, with lots of specific guidelines, tips and examples, and with pointers to other readings for deeper insights.  Useful for students and practitioners alike, this should be on everyone's bookshelf.  The authors do a great job of explaining the importance of business-side stakeholders (C-suite, marketing, sales, development) and how to speak their language." --James D. Foley, Professor, College of Computing, Stephen Fleming Chair in Telecommunications, Georgia Institute of Technology

"Understanding Your Users is a thorough guide to user experience for designers both technical and non-technical. Instructors, students and practitioners will find this book very useful to your success as an user experience expert." --Juan E. Gilbert, Ph.D., Andrew Banks Family Preeminence Endowed Chair, Computer & Information Science & Engineering Department, University of Florida

"Understanding Your Users is handbook of practical wisdom for the serious human centered design practitioner. This second edition includes updated content around emerging best practices. It is a must have in any design teams library." --Janaki Kumar, Head of Strategic Design Services, America, Design and Co-Innovation Center, SAP Labs Palo Alto

"With the massive expansion of digital products, new processes for faster development cycles, and competition that can appear out of nowhere in days, the product design has become the major differentiator, and key to success. Understanding your end user is more important than it ever has been, how they really work, and how your assumptions match up to their reality. This book takes tried and true methodology and shows how any or all of it can be applied to your products now." --Jeremy Ashley, VP, Oracle Cloud UX

"A great introductory book for anyone wishing to understand and engage in traditional user research methods.  The language is clear and straightforward, allowing the reader to try and use the methods on their own project.  Each method is accompanied with an extensive bibliography allowing the curious mind to further delve into any of the described methods.  Samples of forms, letters and examples enhance the practical nature of the book, making this title a staple for the beginning practitioner." --Joseph Kramer is a Service Design Lead at Fjord - Design and Innovation from Accenture Interactive

"The difference between product success and failure often comes down to the user experience. Baxter, Courage, and Cain share the methods you need to better understand your users so that you can design delightful experiences." --Craig Villamor, Chief Design Architect at Salesforce.com

Muu info

This completely new and revised edition teaches user-centered design with this comprehensive and practical compendium of process, methodology, and cutting-edge thinking.
Preface xxv
About the Authors xxxi
Acknowledgments xxxiii
PART 1 WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW BEFORE CHOOSING AN ACTIVITY
1(112)
1 Introduction To User Experience
2(20)
What Is User Experience?
4(3)
Who Does User Experience?
5(2)
User-Centered Design
7(5)
Principles of User-Centered Design
7(2)
Incorporating UCD Principles into the Product Development Life Cycle
9(2)
Design Thinking
11(1)
A Variety of Requirements
12(4)
The Product Team's Perspective
12(3)
User Requirements
15(1)
Getting Stakeholder Buy-In for Your Activity
16(4)
Arguments and Counterarguments
16(3)
Preventing Resistance
19(1)
What Is Next?
20(2)
2 Before You Choose An Activity: Learning About Your Product Users
22(42)
Introduction
24(1)
Existing Research
24(1)
Learn About Your Product
25(10)
Use Your Product
26(1)
Networking
26(1)
Customer Support Comments
27(1)
Social Sentiment Analysis
27(1)
Log Files and Web Analytics
28(3)
Your Marketing Department
31(1)
Competitors
32(3)
Early Adopter or Partner Feedback
35(1)
Learn About Your Users
35(13)
Step 1 User Profile
37(3)
Step 2 Personas
40(4)
Step 3 Guiding Principles/Antiprinciples
44(2)
Step 4 Scenarios
46(2)
Special Populations
48(5)
International Users
48(2)
Accessibility
50(1)
Children
51(1)
Older Users
52(1)
Pulling It All Together
53(1)
Case Study: There Is "Cultural" Method in the Madness
54(10)
3 Ethical And Legal Considerations
64(16)
Introduction
66(1)
Policies vs. Laws vs. Ethics
66(1)
Ethical Considerations
67(9)
Do No Harm
70(1)
The Right to Be Informed
70(1)
Permission to Record
71(1)
Create a Comfortable Experience
72(1)
Appropriate Language
72(1)
Anonymity vs. Confidentiality
73(1)
The Right to Withdraw
73(1)
Appropriate Incentives
73(1)
Valid and Reliable Data
74(1)
Acknowledge Your True Capabilities
75(1)
Data Retention, Documentation, and Security
75(1)
Debrief
76(1)
Legal Considerations
76(2)
Pulling It All Together
78(2)
4 Setting Up Research Facilities
80(16)
Introduction
82(1)
Using Your Company's Existing Facilities
82(3)
Renting a Marketing or Hotel Facility
85(1)
Building a Permanent Facility
85(10)
Components of a Devoted User Research Facility
86(1)
Lab Layout
87(8)
Pulling It All Together
95(1)
5 Choosing A User Experience Research Activity
96(17)
Introduction
98(1)
What It Takes to Choose a Method
98(1)
Get the Right People Involved
98(1)
Ask the Right Questions
98(1)
Know the Limits
99(1)
The Methods
99(3)
Diary Studies
100(1)
Interviews
100(1)
Surveys
100(1)
Card Sort
101(1)
Focus Groups
101(1)
Field Studies
101(1)
Evaluation Methods
102(1)
Differences Among the Methods
102(7)
Behavioral vs. Attitudinal
103(1)
Research and Participant Roles
103(1)
Lab vs. Contextual
103(1)
Qualitative vs. Quantitative
104(1)
Formative vs. Summative
104(1)
Number of Users
104(5)
Choosing the Right Method
109(4)
PART 2 GET UP AND RUNNING
113(78)
6 Preparing For Your User Research Activity
114(44)
Introduction
116(1)
Creating a Proposal
116(9)
Why Create a Proposal?
117(1)
Sections of the Proposal
117(3)
Sample Proposal
120(4)
Getting Commitment
124(1)
Deciding the Duration and Timing of Your Session
125(1)
Recruiting Participants
126(24)
Determining Participant Incentives
127(2)
Developing a Recruiting Screener
129(3)
Sample Screener
132(3)
Creating a Recruitment Advertisement
135(3)
Sample Posting
138(1)
Recruitment Methods
139(7)
Preventing No-Shows
146(1)
Recruiting International Participants
147(1)
Recruiting Special Populations
148(1)
Online Services
149(1)
Crowd Sourcing
149(1)
Tracking Participants
150(3)
Tax Implications
151(1)
The Professional Participant
151(1)
Create a Watch List
151(2)
Creating a Protocol
153(2)
Sample Protocol
153(2)
Piloting Your Activity
155(1)
Is the Audiovisual Equipment Working?
155(1)
Clarity of Instructions and Questions
155(1)
Find Bugs or Glitches
155(1)
Practice
155(1)
Who Should Attend?
156(1)
Pulling It All Together
156(2)
7 During Your User Research Activity
158(33)
Introduction
160(1)
Inviting Observers
161(2)
Who Should NOT Observe?
162(1)
Welcoming Your Participants
163(2)
Welcoming Participants to a Lab Session
163(1)
Welcoming Participants in the Field
163(1)
Introducing the Session
163(1)
Consenting Participants
164(1)
Providing Incentives
164(1)
Developing Rapport
164(1)
Warm-Up Exercises
165(1)
Moderating Your Activity
165(6)
Moderation Strategies
167(2)
Using a Think-Aloud Protocol
169(2)
Debrief Participants
171(1)
Recording and Notetaking
171(5)
Take Notes
171(3)
Use Video or Audio Recording
174(1)
Use Screen-Recording Software
175(1)
Combine Video/Audio/Screen Recording and Notetaking
176(1)
Dealing with Late and Absent Participants
176(3)
The Late Participant
176(1)
You Cannot Wait Any Longer
177(1)
Including a Late Participant
178(1)
The No-Show
179(1)
Dealing with Awkward Situations
179(10)
Participant Issues
181(6)
Product Team/Observer Issues
187(2)
Concluding Your Activity
189(1)
Pulling It All Together
189(2)
PART 3 THE METHODS
191(256)
8 Diary Studies
192(26)
Introduction
194(1)
Things to Be Aware of When Conducting Diary Studies
194(1)
Diary Study Formats to Choose from
195(5)
Paper
195(1)
E-mail
196(1)
Voice
197(1)
Video Diary Study
197(1)
SMS (Text Message)
198(1)
Social Media
199(1)
Online Diary Study Services or Mobile Apps
199(1)
Sampling Frequency
200(2)
End of Day
200(1)
Incident Diaries
200(1)
Set Intervals
201(1)
Random or Experiential Sampling
202(1)
Preparing to Conduct a Diary Study
202(2)
Identify the Type of Study to Conduct
202(1)
Recruiting Participants
203(1)
Diary Materials
203(1)
Length and Frequency
203(1)
Incentives
204(1)
Conducting a Diary Study
204(1)
Train the Participants
204(1)
Monitor Data Collection
205(1)
Data Analysis and Interpretation
205(3)
Data Cleaning
205(1)
Affinity Diagram
206(1)
Qualitative Analysis Tools
206(1)
Crowd Sourcing
207(1)
Quantitative Analysis
207(1)
Communicating the Findings
208(2)
Pulling It All Together
210(1)
Case Study: Exploring People's Daily Information Needs
210(8)
9 Interviews
218(46)
Introduction
220(1)
Preparing to Conduct an Interview
220(16)
Identify the Objectives of the Study
221(1)
Select the Type of Interview
222(3)
Decide Now How You Will Analyze the Data
225(1)
Identify the Questions
225(8)
Test Your Questions
233(1)
Players in Your Activity
234(1)
Inviting Observers
235(1)
Activity Materials
236(1)
Conducting an Interview
236(16)
Things to Be Aware of When Conducting Interviews
237(1)
The Five Phases of an Interview
238(2)
Your Role as the Interviewer
240(9)
Monitoring the Relationship with the Interviewee
249(2)
Dos and Don'ts
251(1)
Data Analysis and Interpretation
252(4)
Transcription
252(1)
Structured Data
253(1)
Unstructured Data
253(1)
Categorizing and Counting
253(1)
Affinity Diagram
253(1)
Qualitative Content/Thematic Analysis
253(3)
Communicating the Findings
256(1)
Over Time
256(1)
By Topic
256(1)
By Participant
257(1)
Pulling It All Together
257(1)
Interview Tips
257(1)
Case Study: Connecting Families: Importance of Including Children as Stakeholders
258(6)
10 Surveys
264(38)
Introduction
266(1)
When Should You Use a Survey?
266(1)
Things to Be Aware of When Using a Survey
267(2)
Selection Bias
267(1)
Nonresponse Bias
268(1)
Satisficing
268(1)
Acquiescence Bias
269(1)
Creating and Distributing Your Survey
269(21)
Identify the Objectives of Your Study
270(1)
Players in Your Activity
270(1)
Number of Respondents
270(1)
Probability Versus Nonprobability Sampling
271(1)
Compose Your Questions
272(8)
Determine Now How You Will Analyze Your Data
280(1)
Building the Survey
280(3)
Considerations When Choosing a Survey Distribution Method
283(6)
Pilot Test Your Survey and Iterate
289(1)
Data Analysis and Interpretation
290(5)
Initial Assessment
290(1)
Types of Calculation
291(4)
Communicating the Findings
295(1)
Pulling It All Together
296(1)
Case Study: Google Drive's Happiness Tracking Survey (HaTS)
296(6)
11 Card Sorting
302(36)
Introduction
304(1)
Things to Be Aware of When Conducting a Card Sort
304(3)
Open vs. Closed Sort
305(1)
Physical Cards or Computerized Sort?
305(1)
Remote (Online) or In-Person Sort?
305(1)
Individual or Simultaneous Card Sort?
306(1)
Preparing to Conduct a Card Sort
307(6)
Identify or Create Objects and Definitions for Sorting
307(2)
Activity Materials
309(1)
Primary Data Collected in a Card Sort
310(1)
Additional Data That May Be Collected in an Open Card Sort
310(1)
Players in Your Activity
311(2)
Inviting Observers
313(1)
Conducting a Card Sort
313(5)
Activity Timeline
313(1)
In-Person Card Sort Using Physical Cards
314(3)
Computerized Card Sort
317(1)
Data Analysis and Interpretation
318(9)
Simple Summary
318(2)
Similarity Matrix
320(1)
Cluster Analysis
321(3)
Analysis with a Statistics Package
324(1)
Analysis with a Spreadsheet Package
325(1)
Data That Computer Programs Cannot Handle
325(1)
Interpreting the Results
326(1)
Communicating the Findings
327(1)
Pulling It All Together
328(1)
Case Study: Card Sorting with Colleagues: How We Adapted Best Practices to Fit Our Needs
328(9)
Appendix
337(1)
12 Focus Groups
338(40)
Introduction
340(1)
Preparing to Conduct a Focus Group
340(11)
Create a Topic/Discussion Guide
341(5)
Players in Your Activity
346(4)
Inviting Observers
350(1)
Activity Materials
350(1)
Conducting a Focus Group
351(2)
Activity Timeline
351(1)
Welcome the Participants
352(1)
Introduce the Activity and Discussion Rules
352(1)
The Focus Group Discussion
352(1)
Modifications
353(10)
Including Individual Activities
353(1)
Task-Based Focus Groups
354(1)
Day-in-the-Life
355(1)
Iterative Focus Groups
355(1)
The Focus Troupe
356(1)
Online or Phone-Based Focus Groups
356(1)
Brainstorming/Wants and Needs Analysis
357(1)
Introduce the Activity and Brainstorming Rules
358(1)
Prioritization
359(4)
Data Analysis and Interpretation
363(5)
Debrief
363(1)
Types of Focus Group Data
363(1)
Affinity Diagram
363(5)
Communicating the Findings
368(1)
Lessons Learned
368(3)
Mixing User Types
369(1)
Removing the Difficult Participant
370(1)
Pulling It All Together
371(1)
Case Study: Design Concepts Focus Groups
371(7)
13 Field Studies
378(52)
Introduction
380(1)
Things to Be Aware of When Conducting Field Research
381(1)
Gaining Stakeholder Support
381(1)
Other Things to Keep in Mind
381(1)
Field Study Methods
382(18)
Observation Only
387(5)
Interacting with the User
392(5)
Method Supplements
397(3)
Preparing for a Field Study
400(11)
Identify the Type of Study to Conduct
400(1)
Players in Your Activity
400(4)
Train the Players
404(1)
Develop Your Protocol
405(1)
Schedule the Visits
405(2)
Activity Materials
407(4)
Summary
411(1)
Conducting a Field Study
411(4)
Get Organized
412(1)
Meet the Participant
412(1)
Begin Data Collection
413(1)
Wrap-Up
414(1)
Organize Your Data
414(1)
Summary
415(1)
Data Analysis and Interpretation
415(3)
Select Your Analysis Method
417(1)
Affinity Diagram
417(1)
Analyzing Deep Hanging Out Data
417(1)
Analyzing Contextual Inquiry/Design Data
418(1)
Grounded Theory
418(1)
Qualitative Analysis Tools
418(1)
Communicating the Findings
418(2)
Lessons Learned
420(1)
Surprise Guests
420(1)
Missing Users
421(1)
Pulling It All Together
421(1)
Case Study: Into the Wild: Uncovering Holistic Mobile Insights
422(8)
14 Evaluation Methods
430(17)
Introduction
432(1)
Things to Be Aware of When Conducting Evaluations
433(1)
Evaluation Methods to Choose from
433(9)
Usability Inspection Methods
433(3)
Usability Testing
436(5)
Live Experiments
441(1)
Data Analysis and Interpretation
442(1)
Communicating the Findings
443(1)
Pulling It All Together
443(1)
Case Study: Applying Cognitive Walkthroughs in Medical Device User Interface Design
443(4)
PART 4 WRAPPING UP
447(26)
15 Concluding Final
448(25)
Introduction
450(1)
Prioritization of Findings
450(5)
First Prioritization: Usability Perspective
451(2)
Second Prioritization: Merging Usability and Product Development Priorities
453(2)
Presenting Your Findings
455(8)
Why the Verbal Presentation Is Essential
456(1)
Presentation Attendees
457(1)
Creating a Successful Presentation
457(4)
Delivering a Successful Presentation
461(2)
Reporting Your Findings
463(6)
Report Format
464(1)
The Complete Report
464(4)
The Recommendations Report
468(1)
The Executive Summary Report
468(1)
Report Supplements
469(1)
Ensuring the Incorporation of Your Findings
469(3)
Stakeholder Involvement
469(1)
Be a Virtual Member of the Team
470(1)
Obtain a Status for Each Recommendation
470(1)
Ensure the Product Team Documents Your Findings
471(1)
Track Outcomes
471(1)
Pulling It All Together
472(1)
PART 5 APPENDICES
473(48)
A Requirements for Creating a Participant Recruitment Database
474(8)
B Report Template
482(10)
C Glossary
492(18)
D References
510(11)
Index 521
Kathy Baxter is a Principal User Researcher at Salesforce. Her research focus has spanned web search, privacy, advertising, enterprise applications, mobile, and more. Previously, Kathy managed the UX Infrastructure team, which supports research globally across Google including research ethics, participant recruitment, research labs, and the development of research tools. Prior to Google, she worked as a Senior Researcher at eBay and Oracle. She received her Bachelors of Science in Applied Psychology and Masters of Science in Engineering Psychology from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Catherine Courage is SVP Customer Experience at Docusign. Her team is focused on driving design thought leadership and execution throughout the company in order to deliver a seamless experience across all products and services. Prior to joining Citrix, Catherine was the Director of User Experience at salesforce.com. She also worked at Oracle as a Principal Usability Engineer and manager of the Customer Design Partners Program. In 2011, she was selected by the Silicon Valley Business Journal as one of Silicon Valleys "40 Under 40" young tech leaders. She holds a Masters of Applied Sciences specializing in Human Factors from the University of Toronto. Kelly Caine is the director of the Humans and Technology Lab at Clemson University, where she leads research in human factors, human-centered computing, privacy, usable security, health informatics and human-computer interaction. She is a thought-leader who has been invited to speak around the world, has published dozens peer-reviewed papers and is regularly cited by media such as the AP, Washington Post, NPR, and New York Times. Kelly enjoys teaching students to become scientists, and has designed and taught courses on research methods for understanding people and their relationship with technology at universities and in industry. Prior to joining Clemson, she was Principal Research Scientist in the School of Computing at Indiana University and a UX researcher at Google (where she and Kathy first met!). She holds degrees from the University of South Carolina (B.A.) and the Georgia Institute of Technology (M.S. and Ph.D.).